Advanced Power Systems

EE504

Lecture ppt. # 2
• Note:
The materials in this presentation are only for the use of students enrolled in this course in the
specific campus; these materials are for purposes associated with this course and may not be
further disseminated or retained after expiry of the course.

Some of the Contents

Lect. File 2 –
Shunt compensation a. Increasing power transfer capability for midpoint compensation
b. Improving voltage stability for end of line compensation in radial
feeders
c. Improving transient stability
d. Damping of oscillations
• Contents for this lecture from the course plan for ODL
The line is takeng lossless, so no drop in voltage magnitude.
The compensator will increase active power transfer
capability.
The approach of the book –
Over here, let us go deeper to see how are the
equations derived – However, we can’t always do the
same, and in general we may ignore the derivational
details to focus upon the main theme/content being
presented.
System without compensation
System without compensation

Source: http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/electronics/Flexible-AC-TransmissionSystemsDevices-IIT-Roorkee/lecture-10.html

P = ( |V1||V2|/X )*sin δ
So, we may say that we
supply so much vars to
increase Vm equal to V
 δ/4
|V-drop| / 2

Apparently, this is
assumed a right
angle triangle

Also, the voltage drop in first segment will be

|V-drop| = Ism*X/2
So, |V-drop|/2 = Ism*X/4 ------------- (i)
perp / hyp = sin of angle
Vm is at angle δ/2 w.r.t Vs and (|V-drop|/2) / Vs = sin δ/4 ------ (ii)
Vsm (voltage at half of line b/w sending end and mid- Also, Vs =V
point) is at angle δ/4 w.r.t Vs. so, Putting (i) in (ii) and solving for Ism gives
Using P = ( |V1||V2|/X )*sin δ,

Ps = ( |VS||Vm|/ (X/2) )*sin (δ/2),

Which gives:

This is b/c Vsm and Ism are in phase

This power may also be calculated as As may be see from phasor diagram
Using this This may also be derived as
E1= Vs = V, E2 = Vm = V, Q = Vs*Ism sin(δ/4)
X/2 is the impedance b/w them (see phasor diagram)
And δ/2 is the angle b/w them. Then put value of Ism
This will give the Q supplied from And then use half angle identity of
sending end to be equal to Sin2(theta/2)

This 4 is apparently a mistake

in the book
The author mentions this - to be the Q
provided by the compensator.
A simulation study can further clarify how
much is the Q being generated by the end-
generators.
Mistake - it will be 2.
Solve Qp (using 2) for δ/2 =
180. (angle will be δ/2
instead of δ)
And it will come equal to
4Pmax.

Apparently, the Qp derived

from system will increase as
in the graph – also, the Q
derived from compensator to
keep Vm at the level of V –
this Q will increase
Apparently, With shunt
compensation, Q may be
supplied to make pf close to
unity thereby increasing
stability limit.
For concept of natural
frequency.
You are trying to work
against the swinging so as to
reduce swing amplitudes.

An example oscillating system, to stop the

boat, frictional braking may be applied on
each of the left as well as right swing – ie
you are counteracting the swing of the boat.
 You are at liberty to select
Assignment i. any system parameters/values/blocks and
ii. methodology of simulation,
Perform a MATLAB/Simulink simulation for the concept of two machine system as shown here and as can suitably perform the tasks in this assignment.
apply shunt compensation to raise mid point voltage equal to Vs = Vr. Sketch the phasor diagrams of
sending and receiving end voltages without and then with the shunt compensation. Evaluate the
reactive power flows from the compensator and the generator (with and without compensation) in this
steady state system.

Subsequently, simulate the dynamic

behavior of this system with and
without shunt compensation in the
even of a system fault. The purpose of
this part will be to sketch the power
angle curves for the two cases (system
with and without shunt compensation)
as shown in figures here. Verify that the
system with shunt compensation has
higher stability margin.