able to identify the conditions for which two triangles are congruent. Geometric figures are said to be congruent if they have the same size and shape. • Two triangles are congruent when all corresponding sides and interior angles are congruent. Consider Triangle QRS and IHG: Triangles: • The tick marks show that the corresponding sides are congruent: • 𝑄𝑅 ≅ 𝐼𝐻 • 𝑅𝑆 ≅ 𝐻𝐺 • 𝑆𝑄 ≅ 𝐺𝐼 • 𝑄𝑅 ≅ 𝐼𝐻 Triangles: The angle arcs show that the corresponding interior angles are congruent: • ∠Q≅∠I • ∠R≅∠H • ∠S≅∠G • When all six statements are stated, then we can conclude that △QRS≅△IHG. If △ABC≅△DEF, what is the value of x and y? Try it! Solution
•Since the two triangles are congruent,
then the corresponding sides are congruent: •AB≅DE •BC≅EF •AC≅DF Try it! Solution • Find x: • x=AB, but from the congruence statement, AB=DE. This means x=DE, too. From the figure, DE=14. Thus, x=14. • Find y: • y=FD, but from the congruence statement, FD=AC. This means y=AC, too. From the figure, AC=12. Thus, y=12. Keypoints:
•Two triangles are congruent when all
corresponding sides and interior angles are congruent. Objectives • At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: • enumerate the triangle congruence postulates; • define the SSS, SAS, ASA postulates; and • recognize congruent triangles using the triangle congruence postulates. There are three postulates for proving that two triangles are congruent: •Side-Side-Side (SSS) Congruence Postulate •Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Congruence Postulate •Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) Congruence Postulate SSS Congruence Postulate • Postulate: The Side-Side-Side Congruence Postulate. If three sides of one triangle are congruent to three sides of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. SSS Congruence Postulate • With reference to triangles ABC and XYZ: • If 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑋𝑌, 𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝑌𝑍, and 𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝑋𝑍, then △ABC≅△XYZ. SAS Congruence Postulate • Postulate: The Side-Angle-Side Congruence Postulate. If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are congruent to two sides and the included angle of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. • Note: The included angle is any angle between two sides. SAS Congruence Postulate • With reference to triangles ABC and UVW: • If 𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝑈𝑊, ∠A≅∠U, and 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑈𝑉, then △ABC≅△UVW. ASA Congruence Postulate • Postulate: The Angle-Side-Angle Congruence Postulate. If two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles and the included side of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. • Note: The included side is any side between two angles. Study the two congruent triangles in the picture below. Which statement is true about the second triangle? • a) a = 7 cm, b = 8 cm, c = 9 cm • b) a = 8 cm, b = 7 cm, c = 9 cm • c) a = 8 cm, b = 9 cm, c = 7 cm • d) a = 9 cm, b = 7 cm, c = 8 cm Tip: • You can determine which side/angle of one triangle corresponds with which side/angle of another triangle by using the order of the triangle names. • Example: △ABC and △DEF. • The first letters are A and D. This means ∠A is to ∠D. The second letters are B and E, which means ∠B is to ∠E. The third set of angles can be derived from the third letters. • The name of sides uses two letters. The first two letters are AB and DE, which means (𝐴𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝐷𝐸). The last two letters are BC and EF (𝐵𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝐸𝐹), while the first and last letters are AC and DF (𝐴𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝐷𝐹)respectively. Keypoints • There are three congruence postulates that can be used to tell if two triangles are congruent: • The Side-Side-Side (SSS) Congruence Postulate. If three sides of one triangle are congruent to three sides of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. • The Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Congruence Postulate. If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are congruent to two sides and the included angle of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. • The Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) Congruence Postulate. If two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles and the included side of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. Theorem: Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent (CPCTC). If m∠B=2x−5 and m∠Y=3x−65, what is the exact measure of ∠B?