Hotel Lighting Project Handbook

Ranko Skansi, M.Sc.E.E.Ld.
for LUMIGEA
HOTEL LIGHTING
Project Handbook
LUMIGEA
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LUMIGEA
Ranko Skansi, M.Sc.E.E.Ld.
HOTEL LIGHTING
Project Handbook
28th May 2018.
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There’s no second chance

for the first impression!
It is vitally important to make your hotel stand out, it should be

distinctive and give guests a memorable experience, so they come
back and recommend it to other people. When guests first set foot in
a hotel they briefly have a look around. Good lighting helps to make
their first impression positive - focusing their attention on the
reception desk and interesting objects around the hotel entrance to
make them feel welcome. The lighting also operates as a virtual but
silent hotel guide. Make your guests feel guided in the right directions
and along corridors to their rooms, lifts, bars or restaurants.
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CONTENT
PREFACE ............................................................................................................ 3
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 7
Basic requirements for all hotels ................................................................ 14
HOTEL CATEGORIZATION ................................................................................ 17
HOTEL CLASSIFICATION................................................................................... 18
STANDARDS & NORMS ................................................................................... 21
DESIGN IN GENERAL........................................................................................ 24
Lobby and Reception .................................................................................. 25
Restaurants and Conference Rooms........................................................... 26
Hallways ...................................................................................................... 27
Guest Rooms ............................................................................................... 28
Room Types in hotels .............................................................................. 29
What light levels are required for hotel guestrooms?............................ 38
Multi-functional banquet hall ..................................................................... 39
Concise guide to bars and restaurants ....................................................... 40
PRACTICAL DESIGN.......................................................................................... 45
Entrance ...................................................................................................... 45
Examples ................................................................................................. 46
Reception .................................................................................................... 47
Examples ................................................................................................. 48
Lounges ....................................................................................................... 49
Examples ................................................................................................. 50
Lobby ........................................................................................................... 51
Layouts .................................................................................................... 52
Hallways ...................................................................................................... 58
Examples ................................................................................................. 59
Elevators...................................................................................................... 65
Examples ................................................................................................. 66
Guest rooms ................................................................................................ 73
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Layouts .................................................................................................... 74
Bathrooms................................................................................................... 76
Conference .................................................................................................. 79
Layouts .................................................................................................... 80
Restaurant ................................................................................................... 82
Layouts .................................................................................................... 83
Recreation ................................................................................................... 86
Wellness - massage ................................................................................. 86
Wellness – relaxation (meditation) ......................................................... 86
Spa ........................................................................................................... 87
Pool ......................................................................................................... 88
Fitness ..................................................................................................... 90
Bar ............................................................................................................... 91
Examples ................................................................................................. 92
ENERGY EFFICIENCY ........................................................................................ 94
RECONSTRUCTION ADVICES ......................................................................... 100
CONSULTING REFERENCES............................................................................ 106
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PREFACE
Designing good lighting for hotels is about more than creating stylish products
that are on trend and look the part. It’s about top-quality products that provide
efficient lighting and enhance the guest experience, whether through
multifunctional guestroom lighting or bold public area statement pieces.
Lighting really does make or break the traveller’s hotel experience, something
which is illustrated by recent extensive researches conducted by Osram
suggesting that of 10,000 recent hotel reviews in London most guests
complained about the dim, bad and sparse lighting in their rooms. Accordingly,
when we design either our standard lighting collection or bespoke pieces, we
do so from multiple perspectives; either from that of the hotelier, the interior
designer and above all else the guest.
1. Aesthetics
The first thing to consider is the aesthetic of the product, does it look the part
and fit in with the overall design concept? Interior designers are pushing the
boundaries more than ever before, always looking to create unique interior
schemes for hotels that offer something different and inevitably lighting is an
essential part of that. It’s often asked whether table or floor lamps can make a
difference in a guestroom or are they surplus to requirement. Well they most
certainly can by adding ambient lighting and creating atmosphere in what has
become an increasingly multifunctional space.
Following the latest industry trends and ultimately trying to pre-empt them is
a critical part of the design process. Nobody wants to specify outdated
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products, so try to recognize emerging trends as early as possible and use them
to inspire your design. To mix the wish of the guest who wants enough light
and the wish of the hotelier who wants low energy costs, it had to be LED with
an integral LED chipboard located behind a frosted diffuser in order to give soft
light with no glare. Contract functionality means solid steel and brass
construction, locking swivel joints with toothed locking key for secure arm
position. The multi-swivelling head enables guests to control the position of
the light whilst the weighted base houses the LED driver and ventilation holes
in the head ensure that barely any warmth is emitted from the light source.
2. Let there be (enough) light
Lighting is more than just about creating the ‘wow factor’ and needs to rank
higher up the designer’s list of priorities. One of the biggest complaints to
concierges is that guestrooms are insufficiently lit to work, put make up on or
to simply see so it’s our job as lighting specialists to work with the designers
and hoteliers to light guestrooms and public areas successfully. We have
helped several hotel chains to create their brand standard light levels following
guestroom lux level surveys carried out by our technicians. A hotel room is no
longer just a room to sleep in, it has become multifunctional, a place to eat,
sleep, work and relax and the lighting scheme needs to reflect the variety of
uses and generate the correct light levels to meet all those functions.
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3. Quality and functionality
As hoteliers expect stylish design and quality whilst working to a tighter

budget, it should be a given that both are essential for contract use. Luminaries
need to be designed to withstand frequent and often forceful handling
because those of domestic quality aren’t going to last 2 minutes in the hotel
environment. We need to provide clients with products that reflect the highest
standards of engineering and finish at the right blend of price and quality.
Guests want hotels to feel like a luxurious home (away from home) and they
want their hotel lighting in particular to reflect this, to be stylish yet functional.
For example, most guests have dimming functionality at home and expect it in
hotels, but they want it to be clearly visible on the product and most of all
usable. I have lost count of the number of times I have heard stories of the
concierge being called up to the room to explain how to dim the lights,
illustrating there needs to be a distinct balance between design and
functionality. Latest colour coordinated push and toggle switches provide the
guest with clear switching options. The latest luminaire range of bedside
reading lights give the option of a push switch or a neat ‘docking switch’ when
the LED directional head is recessed away.
4. Efficiency
Blending cutting edge style with the latest technological developments is

becoming more important than ever but we constantly need to ask ourselves
whether we can make the lighting experience better for the hotelier by saving
money on running and maintenance costs. LEDs are now an essential light
source in many hospitality spaces as sustainability moves to the forefront of
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the minds of developers and designers. Whilst they don’t answer every
possible lighting requirement, the option of LEDs has offered increased design
possibilities when integrating this technology into our fittings for future energy
saving. Whilst I still believe sustainability is at the top of most people’s list
versus design and price, it is important to recognize the need to go green as
the wave of the future. It’s imperative that lighting companies are moving with
the times and demonstrating commitment to taking sustainability seriously.
5. Budget
Creating bespoke product for clients is becoming increasingly more common

and is a large part of what we do so it’s important that we have the necessary
budget guidance. We can find a desk lamp from $50 to upwards of $500 and
both will illuminate the desk and be of contract quality but it’s the combination
of design, detail and light source that ultimately define the price level. For us
budget level doesn’t mean chopping quality, it means being flexible and clever
in providing the same general look whilst hitting lower priced targets.
One has to take time to find the correct luminaire that best corresponds with
other interior elements (colour of the walls, carpet on the floor, furniture,
curtains and so on, that has the optimal price. Although there are hundreds of
producers on the market, specialized producers for the hotel programme are
well known, and the best choice will be to select among their products.
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INTRODUCTION
Hotel guests do not want to be figuring out the touch screen by

the bed, or logging on to the Wi-Fi, so make controls simple to
use
Hotel lighting is a complex area and has a huge impact on the finished project.
Whether your hotel is an off-charts success or utter disaster can lay on the
lighting scheme. The best you can do is to leave it to the professionals but if
you are determined to go it alone, here are the most important points by hotel
lighting expert.
It’s really not about lux levels!
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Often you see recommended lux levels for certain areas – “Restaurant – 300
lux”, this sort of thing. You should not only rely on these. Nobody will come to
your restaurant if it is lit to 300 lux, it would be like an office. Far more
important is the atmosphere, the play of light and shadow, the intimacy. Light
the artwork to 300 lux sure, but the wall space next to it can be safely left
darker.
Darker restaurants are more expensive
You actually don’t need a lot of light for some activities and eating is one of
these. The bright lights in fast food restaurants wake you up and get you in and
out quickly. As a general rule, the darker the restaurant the more luxurious it
feels. Until you get to the very, very top (but that’s another story).
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What is colour temperature?
2500 K 4200 K 6500 K
All white lights are not created equal. Some are warm like candles, some are
cold like ice. You need the right one and getting it wrong will make your lovely
intimate space as welcoming as the Artic. Colour temperature is defined by a
number measure in degrees Kelvin, for example 3000K. Learn what these are,
and which is correct (2700 K is a good start for a hotel).
Not every downlight is the same
Just as there is a vast difference in car manufacturers on the market, there is a

vast difference in downlights. You might want a Bentley, or you might want a
Fiat. Both have their place in the world. Despite the fact that they both have
four wheels and four seats, they are not identical. Choose yours carefully. For
a typical new hotel, you will be spending more than $1 million on light fittings,
and you don’t want to buy a million dollars’ worth of Fiat, do you? The light
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fitting you have seen somewhere else might well be cheaper. Doesn’t mean it
is appropriate for your project.
Beam angles (do NOT change them when re-lamping)
Many fittings come with a defined

beam angle; a narrow spot down to a
table or a wide flood to fill a room.
When you change the lamps, you
need to ensure you maintain the
beam angles, or your entire look and
feel will change, and you will be
scratching your head wondering why.
If you move all the furniture, you will

need to move the lighting
Restaurant table has a spot to it? If

you move the table, move the spot.
Some people make remote control
fittings for this purpose but if it’s a permanent change, get a ladder out and
move it yourself. Nobody wants to be the person at the end of the table with
a downlight focussed onto their thinning hair because the spot is poorly aimed.
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Quick fixes costs more than the right solution
Lighting is not adequate? Sort it out. Properly. If your chairs were

uncomfortable you would not stitch a cushion on top, would you? So why think
that adding filters is a satisfactory solution? Get some proper lighting, correct
the beam angle, and smooth dimming. Yes, it’s an investment. With a
satisfactory return of value!
Choose the right control system...
A dimming system is more than just a dimmer. It can set scenes. This means, it
can create a pre-set scene or look for each time of day and then automatically
switch between them. It also allows us to create multifunction spaces – bright
classroom lighting in your ballroom, or glamorous wedding mood? Easy with
the right control system, properly programmed and properly set up.
...but don’t overcomplicate it
Nobody wants a complicated app to turn their room lights on. Your guests may
just have stepped off a long flight and they want to iron the shirt for tomorrow,
drink a quick beer and fall asleep (or is that just me, again?). They do not want
to be figuring out the touch screen by the bed, or logging on to the Wi-Fi,
installing a demanding app, connecting to the room and then turning next
door’s lights on by mistake. With guest room lighting, remember the golden
rule: KISS (keep it simple, stupid).
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Lighting can make identical spaces look different
Particularly important with places like the all-day dining restaurant. Bright, airy
and stimulating at breakfast time; then moody sexy and intimate at night.
Lighting can do this for you. There is more to it than turning it all down on a
big dimmer knob.
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Don't light the floors!
Less lighting makes better ambience if located in the right place. DO NOT light
the floors!!!! People don’t go walking always looking at the floors! We’ve done
entire projects with not a single downlight and they are amongst our best
work. Light the features, the interesting bits, the places that define your
identity.
If you carefully choose materials and colours and add some paintings or
sculptures (separately illuminated) the reflection will do the rest.
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Basic requirements for all hotels
1. Cleanliness: This is an absolute must. Hotels, whether we're talking about a

Red Roof Inn or a Bulgari resort, need to uphold the highest cleanliness
standards, offering clean public spaces, bathrooms, bedrooms, and amenities.
While it's an important initiative, recycling must not give way to a lack of
hygiene.
2. Adequate safety/security: For many, a hotel functions as a home away from

home. With that comes a hefty expectation for the most diligent safety and
security measures. Many hotels now focus on providing personalized safety
and security measures for different guest profiles such as women, children,
and the elderly. Technology plays an increasingly important role in providing
better safety, but some guests still place more importance on the human
touch.
3. Internet: Guests at all types of hotels demand some level of Internet service,
but business hotels especially must offer the highest level of connectivity and
flexibility. At many hotels, if not all, guests expect Internet access to be
complimentary—for some, free WiFi is as necessary as the air we breathe.
4. Comfortable beds: At the end of the day, a hotel serves a very basic need:
It provides a place to rest your head, but only if the bed is of good quality,
clean, well maintained, and well designed. It also needs to be well positioned
in the room to allow proper circulation. Some hotels take the liberty of being
creative with the pillow and blanket offerings, which is great—as long as the
guest feels comfortable with the choices available to them.
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5. Bathroom plumbing: The reason this is highlighted as "plumbing" as
opposed to just a "good shower" or "hot water" is because this concerns the
entire bathroom. Hot water is of no use if it is just trickling down; lack of proper
water flow from the sink and toilet is a significant burden and inconvenience
to any guest. All guests should expect clear, potable water; proper and
continuous hot running water in the shower; flowing water in the sink and
toilet; and no leaks.
6. Attentive phone answering: Hotels typically have a standard "answer the

phone in three rings" policy; unfortunately, this does not happen as often as
we would like. Sometimes the call is directed to an agent who does not have
the information but is rather there just to answer the phone…so on to another
transfer! No matter what the hotel classification, the property must assign a
qualified agent who is able to effectively and efficiently answer a guest’s
questions and concerns and refer them to the appropriate department only if
absolutely necessary.
7. Lighting: This is a pretty big issue across a lot of hotels. Most don’t offer
adequate lighting in the hotel rooms, from bathrooms to bedside lamps, and
it's a hassle for guests across the board. Improved lighting serves to enhance
the guestroom experience and provide a sense of security.
8. Aroma: Upon entering a hotel and the hotel room, the smell of the property
has a major impact on a traveller’s first impressions. Guests are often sensitive
to newly created hotel "signature" scents or stale smells from carpets and
bathrooms, which can influence the guest’s perception of the quality and
cleanliness of a hotel.
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9. Simple, tasty food: The availability of food and beverage outlets varies
based on the hotel service level. However, certain things—such as a hot
breakfast—are a basic offering that really adds to a guest experience. Even
budget hotels could be conveniently located next to an all-day diner, which
caters to hotel guests. Access to a convenient and affordable breakfast is
turning from a plus to a must.
10. Check in/Check out: Nowadays, a front desk check-in and -out experience
is constantly evolving—from pod check-ins to a personalized iPad check-in.
While these advances are exciting, hotels need to stay focused on certain
elements of a check-in/check-out process that really effect a guest stay.
A) Clear direction: Guests should know what to do or where to go when

they enter the hotel or visit the lobby.
B) Convenience: Whether it is an iPad or a front desk agent, guests
should have immediate access to a source that handles their check-
in/check-out and any billing issues promptly.
C) Consistency: No matter what the process of interaction, the hotel
must be able to offer the exact same experience every single time so
that the guest develops a sense of comfort and confidence with the
hotel.
My final point, service, does not warrant a number because it is the most basic
requirement of any hospitality establishment. A Sanskrit saying, "Atithi Devo Bhavah"
(meaning "the Guest is God") is perhaps a more pronounced manta on how to treat
guests. No matter what the hotel, from a luxury Four Seasons to a budget Premier Inn,
all guests should expect a warm welcome, a friendly face, attentive service, heartfelt
thanks and know that the hotel is their "home away from home."
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HOTEL CATEGORIZATION
General hotel categorization according to USA nomenclature should be like

this one:
• Economy
o 90 guestrooms, 3 stories (all with guestrooms), 30 rooms /
floor
• Extended Stay
floor
• Midscale w/ F&B
floor
• Upscale
o 304 guestrooms, 9 stories (8 with guestrooms), 34 rooms /
floor
• Upper Upscale
o 192 guestrooms, 25 suites, 7 stories (6 with guestrooms), 31
bays / floor
• Luxury
o 200 guestrooms, 20 suites, 6 stories (5 with guestrooms), 37
bays / floor
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HOTEL CLASSIFICATION
According to the EU classification, that is really accepted all over the world, we
distinguish different star graded hotels based on the level of its luxury.
Although this classification is comparable with USA categorization, there are
some differences. Architects, Designers and Light designers will know what I
am talking about.
One Star - 
Hotels in this category are basic yet provide the important comfort. These
hotels are required to meet the basic mandatory standards and the relevant
criteria rating for this level of hotel. They are clean and well maintained
offering a limited range of facilities and services. Staff are friendly and helpful.
Their restaurant/eating area is open for breakfast and dinner.
Two Stars - 
High standard of cleanliness, comfortable and simple accommodation,

straightforward range of services with a more personal touch. These hotels are
required to meet the basic mandatory standards and the relevant criteria
rating for this level of hotel. Staff are friendly and helpful. Higher standard of
restaurant/eating area open for breakfast and dinner.
Three Stars - 
Hotels with more spacious public areas and bedrooms, a high standard of
cleanliness, equipped and comfortable accommodation, higher quality and
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standards of services and facilities, more formal style of service, friendly and
helpful staff. These hotels are required to meet the basic mandatory standards
and the relevant criteria rating for this level of hotel. Higher standard of
restaurant/eating area open for breakfast and dinner, Room service of
continental breakfast for a limited number of hours per day and have higher
quality of food.
Four Stars - 
Hotels with more spacious public areas and bedrooms, high standard of
cleanliness, superior comfort & quality accommodation, “en suite” facilities
with shower and bathtub, higher quality and standards of services and
facilities. These hotels are required to meet the basic mandatory standards and
the relevant criteria rating for this level of hotel. More formal style of service,
skilled staff anticipating and responding to guests needs, higher standard of
restaurant / eating area open for breakfast and dinner, Room service of all
meals, 24 hours availability of drinks & snacks and a higher quality of food.
Five Stars - 
Larger hotels with even more spacious public areas and bedrooms, luxurious
and special surroundings offering the highest quality of accommodation and
standards of cleanliness. These hotels are required to meet the basic
mandatory standards and the relevant criteria rating for this level of hotel.
Guest accommodation is luxurious and spacious, more formal style of service,
professional, attentive and highly trained staff, higher standard of
restaurant/eating area open for breakfast, lunch and dinner; room service of
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all meals and 24 hours availability of drinks & snacks with a higher quality of
food & outlets.
Some countries propose more star’s classification (up to 10) but for the moment best
accepted are those mentioned here.
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STANDARDS & NORMS
We already mentioned that data that will be shown here, should serve only as
a navigational tool. Much more important than keeping prescribed lighting
level (in lux) is general perception of design, and feelings that this design
provoke.
Em
Interior type UGRL CRI Remarks
(lx)
Reception & porters desk / First contact with hotel
300 22 80
cashier desk, concierge desk FIRST IMPRESSION!
Transition zone between kitchen and

Kitchen 500 22 80
restaurant area (guest area) 300 lx
Lighting levels are less important than
Restaurant, dining room,
200 15 80 atmosphere and perception of the
representative area
space
Lighting levels are less important than
Dining room 250 15 80 atmosphere and perception of the
space
Atmosphere is not important because
Self-service restaurant 200 22 80 people doesn't stop here for a long
time.
During evening hours should be up to
Bar 300 22 80
100
Conference room 500 19 80 Lighting control is mandatory
Foyers 200 19 80 Welcoming atmosphere
Good navigational and decorative
Halls 120 20 80
lighting
Corridors 100 20 80 Lower lighting levels during the night
Elevators 150 17 90 One of the hotel presentation tools.
Bathroom (hotel suite) 150 19 80
Toilets (hotel suite) 100 22 80
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SUGESTIONS (not a standard or a norm!) by Ranko Skansi, M.Sc.E.E.Ld.
Em (lx) UGRL CRI
Hotel room (general) 200 18 90
Hotel room (foyer) 200 20
Hotel room (luggage desk) 150
Hotel room (reading area) 450
SUGGESTED SCENES (Hotel room)
1. Welcome 150 20 80
2. General 200 20 80
3. Work 300 25 90
4. TV 50 <15 70
5. Romantic 50 <10 70
Em is the illumination, UGRL is the glare level and CRI is colour rendering index.
Service areas for guests should have following lighting conditions.
Parking area
Interior type Em (lx) UGRL CRI Remarks
1. Floor level illumination
Ramps (day) 300 25 70
2. Security colours have to be well noted

Ramps (night) 75 25 50

Traffic lanes 80 20 50

Parking lots 75 N/A 80
3. Higher level of vertical luminance helps in
facial recognition - improved security feeling
1. Avoid windows reflections

Ticketing 300 19 80
2. Avoid outside glare
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Here’s the list of European norms that covers hotels in all parts:
EN 12464-1 Light and lighting – Lighting of work places – Part 1: Indoor work
places
• European indoor lighting standard. Defines lighting requirements for

indoor work areas
EN 12464-2 Light and lighting – Lighting of work places – Part 2: Outdoor work
places
• European outdoor lighting standard. Defines lighting requirements for

outdoor work areas
EN 15193 Energy performance of buildings – Energy requirements for lighting
• Defines the energy performance of the building on an annual basis

using the LENI calculation. LENI = W/A (kWh/(m² x an)) where W is
annual wattage used and A is the surface considered. Target values are
specified.
EN 1838 Lighting Applications – Emergency lighting
• Defines the luminous requirements for emergency lighting systems

installed in premises or locations where such systems are required.
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DESIGN IN GENERAL
When thinking of lighting in a hotel, we should take into consideration the

diversity of events that take place in a given space, be it a daytime conference
or an evening wedding. Indeed, hotels now have a wide range of assorted
facilities to manage: reception hall, restaurants, and corridors, hallways, guest
rooms, and meeting spaces as well as service areas and recreation areas. It is
critical to be able to adjust lighting, to change the colour of a space, and its
ambiance from bright and lively to warm and inviting as some of these facilities
operate 24/7, and the operating costs adds up quickly.
The following is a lighting guide to assist you in lighting up all hotels areas
appropriately:
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Lobby and Reception
Lobbies and reception areas are the two spaces in which hotels welcome their
guests for the first time: Make them stand out. In these areas, a hotel has the
opportunity to express its uniqueness as a brand through its architecture, its
design, and ambiance. It is essential to incorporate flexible and controlled
lighting options to create a specific atmosphere.
Because of their seamless sophistication, flexibility and beam distribution,

downlights and traditional recessed fixtures are some of the most popular
lighting choices for many hotel reception areas.
The lobby is the soul of the hotel, presenting the hotel momentum
and fulfilling diverse functions. In hotel lighting design, the lobby
needs to present welcoming atmosphere and makes people feel at
home. Consistent colour temperature of 3000K and higher colour
rendering are recommended for this area to meet the requirement of
general lighting, which can clearly present the skin colour and
expressions of people.
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Restaurants and Conference Rooms
An unmistakable, distinctive concept and design are particularly important

aspects in the dining and entertainment areas: Lighting must emphasize the
authenticity of the event, be it traditional, cool or exotic. Lighting must serve
a wide range of purposes.
Downlights, ceiling mount luminaires, panels and slim bar lines help provide a
variety of light sources.
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Hallways
These spaces are leading guests to their rooms. Adjusted lighting can reduce
the “tunnel effect” and make the route more inviting and as well as safe for
guests. In addition, hotel owners must respect strict emergency lighting
regulations. Finally, hotel staff spends a great deal of time in these areas, so
adjusting lighting levels for their comfort and to facilitate working efficiency
are also crucial factors.
Downlights and ceiling mount luminaires can improve light levels while
maintaining an inviting look.
Most of the corridors inside the hotel are very long, closed, and lack
of natural lighting. So, in hotel lighting design, besides the basic
illumination function, the lighting for corridors should fully consider
on the whole design style and create different types of lighting
decoration to enhance the interesting effect, leave impression to
people. Diffuse reflection ceiling lights are mostly applied for stairs.
The lighting fixtures for the elevators should be uniform. Intelligent
hotel lighting control system is recommended.
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Guest Rooms
A hotel room is no longer just a room to sleep in, it has now multiple functions:
it’s also a place where we eat, work, and relax. The lighting layout needs to
reflect the variety of uses and provide the correct light levels to meet all those
functions. That is why it is important to include the “3 Basics Types of Lighting”
(Ambient, Task and Accent lighting) in guest rooms.
Guest room is the most important place for customer experience, it

should be very quiet, comfortable and make customer feel at home.
Low illuminance is recommended. Partial lighting for toilet mirror, the
bed stand, etc. can apply abundant illuminance. The angle for bedlight
should also be arranged not to interfere with the other guests' rest.
3000k colour temperature is recommended for the guest room, while
higher colour temperature is requested in the bathroom to present
the clean environment.
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Room Types in hotels
In hotels the rooms are categorised and priced according to the type of bed,
number of occupants, number of beds, decor, specific furnishings or features
and nowadays special even the special theme available in the room.
Later when assigning the guest room before the arrival of the guest the front
desk agent must be aware of guest room characteristics for each room type
available in the hotel. Also, not to forget any guest specific request or room
specific request requested by the guest for example: room away from the
elevator, King bedded room, twin bedroom, non-smoking room etc.
Following room type definitions are common in the hotel industry:
1) Single: A room assigned to one

person. May have one or more beds.
The room size or area of Single Rooms

are generally between 37 m² to 45 m².
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2) Double: A room assigned to two
people. May have one or more beds.
The room size or area of Double

Rooms are generally between 40 m²
to 45 m².
3) Triple: A room that can

accommodate three persons and has
been fitted with three twin beds, one
double bed and one twin bed or two
double beds.
The room size or area of Triple Rooms

4) Quad: A room assigned to four

people. May have two or more beds.
The room size or area of Quad Rooms

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5) Queen: A room with a queen-sized
bed. May be occupied by one or more
people.
The room size or area of Queen

Rooms are generally between 32 m²
to 50 m².
6) King: A room with a king-sized bed.

May be occupied by one or more
people.
The room size or area of King Rooms

7) Twin: A room with two twin beds.

May be occupied by one or more
people.
The room size or area of Twin Rooms

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8) Hollywood Twin Room: A room
that can accommodate two persons
with two twin beds joined together by
a common headboard. Most of the
budget hotels tend to provide many
of these room settings which cater
both couples and parties in two.
The room size is generally between 32 m² to 40 m².
9) Double-double: A Room with two

double ( or perhaps queen) beds. And
can accommodate two to four
persons with two twin, double or
queen-size beds.
The room size or area of Double-

double / Double Twin rooms are
generally between 50 m² to 70 m².
10) Studio: A room with a studio bed-

a couch which can be converted into
a bed. May also have an additional
bed.
The room size or area of Studio room

types are generally between 25 m² to
40 m².
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11) Suite / Executive Suite: A parlour
or living room connected with to one
or more bedrooms. (A room with one
or more bedrooms and a separate
living space.)
The room size or area of Suite rooms

are generally between 70 m² to 100
m².
12) Mini Suite or Junior Suite: A single

room with a bed and sitting area.
Sometimes the sleeping area is in a
bedroom separate from the parlour
or living room.
The room size or area of Junior Suites

13) President Suite | Presidential

Suite: The most expensive room
provided by a hotel. Usually, only one
president suite is available in one
single hotel property. Like the normal
suites, a president suite always has
one or more bedrooms and a living
space with a strong emphasis on
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grand in-room decoration, high-quality amenities and supplies, and tailor-
made services (e.g. personal butler during the stay).
The room size or area of Presidential Suites are generally between 80 m² to

350 m².
14) Apartments / Room for Extended

Stay: This room type can be found in
service apartments and hotels which
target for extended stay guests. Open
kitchens, cooking equipment, dryer,
washer etc. are usually available in
the room. Housekeeping services are
only provided once in a week or two
times in a week.
The room size or area of Serviced Apartments are generally between 96 m² to

250 m².
15) Connecting rooms: Rooms with

individual entrance doors from the
outside and a connecting door
between. Guests can move between
rooms without going through the
hallway.
The room size or area of Connecting

rooms are generally between 30 m² to 50 m².
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16) Murphy Room: A room that is
fitted with a sofa bed or a Murphy bed
(i.e. a bed that folds out of a wall or
closet) which can be transformed
from a bedroom in the night time to a
living room in daytime.
The room sizes are generally between

20 m² to 40 m².
17) Accessible Room / Disabled

Room: This room type is mainly
designed for disabled guests and it is
required by law that hotels must
provide a certain number of
accessible rooms to avoid
discrimination.
The room size or area of Accessible Room Types are generally between 30 m²
to 42 m².
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18) Cabana: This type of room is
always adjoining to the swimming
pool or have a private pool attached
to the room.
The room size or area of Cabana

Room Types are generally between 30
m² to 45 m².
19) Adjoining rooms: Rooms with a

common wall but no connecting door.
The room size or area of Adjoining

m² to 45 m².
20) Adjacent rooms: Rooms close to

each other, perhaps across the hall.
The room size or area of Adjacent

m² to 45 m².
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21) Villa: A special form of
accommodation which can be found
in some resort hotels. It is a kind of
stand-alone house which gives extra
privacy and space to hotel guests. A
fully equipped villa contains not only
bedrooms and a living room but a
private swimming pool, Jacuzzi and
balcony. It is suitable for couples, families and large groups.
The room size or area of Villa’s are generally between 100 m² to 150 m².
22) Executive Floor/Floored Room: A

room located on the ‘executive floor’
which enables convenient access to
the executive lounge. Besides, some
hotels also provide ‘female executive
floors’ with their rooms assigned to
female guests only due to safety and
security reasons.
The room size or area of Executive Floor are generally between 32 m² to 50

m².
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What light levels are required for hotel guestrooms?
To answer simply there is no specific legislation or standards relating to light

levels in hotel guestrooms.
However, associations like CIBSE and SLL in the UK or IESNA in North America
do set down guidelines rather than mandatory requirements. They would
cover a suggested light level for task areas such as desk or reading areas like a
bedside or armchair. In essence though, the correct light levels for guestrooms
are defined by guest satisfaction.
The biggest single complaint registered by hotel visitors is the lack of sufficient
lighting in guestrooms. Such spaces are multifunctional, and designers should
therefore build in sufficient light points with optimum light output to ensure
guests can work, read, relax and live.
There is one part of guestroom lighting which does however follow stringent
regulations and that is emergency lighting for use during a power failure, fire
or other emergency. Such requirements can be found in building regulations
or codes which may vary according to region or type of property.
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Multi-functional banquet hall
Multi-functional banquet hall is a large space with functions of carrying on

performance, speech, meetings, party, etc. The lighting design should be
flexible to meet a variety of requirements. Intelligent lighting control system is
recommended so that different lighting patterns can be used according to the
different requirements, like meetings, banquets, speech, etc. Uniform space
illuminance is necessary, and consideration should be taken on default set of
different light colours for some special activities.
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Concise guide to bars and restaurants
First impressions are important, and when it comes to hospitality, lighting

plays a bigger role than you might expect. With some still in the dark about
how to create the right mood, we asked an expert.
The food can be delicious, the drinks perfectly chilled, but if the light isn’t right,
the customer won’t bite. And there are studies to prove it. A recent survey
found that “72% of respondents had left a venue earlier than planned because
it was too brightly or poorly lit,” whilst “74 % of respondents had stayed longer
than planned because the lighting made them feel relaxed and welcome.”
As time is money, bar lighting and restaurant lighting is clearly something to

take seriously.
1. Make lighting central to design
Lighting is often an afterthought, an added extra thrown in shortly before

opening a venue. However, as a number of factors such as the location of
electricity sockets and venue layout are essential to lighting design, it makes
sense to consider everything together. Take tables for example. An effective
way to highlight individual tables, especially in restaurants, is to install pendant
lights (lone hanging fittings) above them. Without careful planning, it might
only be possible to have lights above certain tables!
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2. Apply different layers of light
Different lights can perform different tasks. The first step is ambient lighting.
This is the main source of light in a bar or restaurant, providing the general
level of lighting. Used as diffuse surface-directed lighting, it can also make
ceilings seem higher or walls wider. Next comes task lighting. These are fittings
applied in areas where work needs to be carried out, such as the cash register
or the kitchen. Then comes accent lighting. This is typically spot lighting that
draws attention to the architecture or a particular feature. It includes up-
lighting on walls or columns, as well as back bar lighting. Finally, comes the fun
bit! Both decorative lighting and effect lighting is what personalizes a bar or
restaurant. Functionality is less significant here; it’s about creating an
individual style.
3. Use light to guide people around your venue
When someone enters a venue, they should know within the first few seconds
where to go and where to find what. “Orientation is essential.” Light can be
used to guide guests around a venue by drawing their attention to different
focal points or areas. Focal points are created through contrasts in brightness,
often between accent lighting and ambient lighting. Recommendations vary,
but a 5:1 contrast ratio of accent to ambient is a good starting point to make
items stand out.
4. No one size fits all: be aware of your space and concept
Each bar and restaurant have its own individual style. When designing your
venue, you should consider three things: concept, target audience and the
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space you are using. For example, a small bar might only require individual
tables to be accentuated, whilst a larger space may need to use lighting to
differentiate and separate different areas.
5. Set the right mood by paying attention to brightness
Lighting is key to atmosphere. Generally speaking, warm, cosy light makes

people feel most comfortable, especially in cooler climates. By warm light we
are generally referring to lamps with less than 3000 Kelvin. Installing a dimmer
switch adds an element of flexibility, enabling the brightness of a venue to be
adjusted to create different moods. Automated control systems can further
aid the process, enabling different settings to be programmed according to the
time of the day or year.
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6. Apply colour, but sparingly!
Bar lighting tends to be different to restaurant lighting. As bars normally also

aim to provide a form of entertainment, it is more common to experiment with
colour. Restaurants on the other hand often require more reserved lighting,
creating a relaxed environment. Of course, this varies according to concept.
Colour is also used to promote branding and a good way to introduce brand
colours. “Be careful not to overdo it though!”
7. Reveal the real colour of food and drinks
Not to be confused with coloured lighting, colour rendering is the ability of a

light source to reveal the true colours of various objects. Expressed as an index,
the lower the score, the poorer the colour rendering properties of a lamp. The
highest score is 100. In restaurants and kitchens, a minimum of score of 80 is
required; but 90 is better. Getting the colour rendering index (CRI) wrong could
mean that the visual impression of food (and drinks) doesn’t reach its full
potential, having a strong impact on customer experience.
8. Take care when it comes to customer comfort
However, unusual or experimental the design of a bar, a minimum level of

comfort should always be ensured. Guests must always be able to read the
menu and see their food. Direct glare should also be avoided by placing lamps
outside the natural field of vision. Watch out for light that could be reflected
into people’s view from shiny surfaces or mirrors. Diffusers, such as frosted
glass or fabrics, can be useful here.
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9. Keep an eye on current trends: some are set to stay
Current trends are seeing a return to basics. Light sources are now open, with
lampshades removed and chords hanging from the ceiling. Retro-feel light
bulbs with an exposed filament are very popular, as it is the bulbs themselves
that are the design feature. When it comes to non-decorative lighting, bars and
restaurants are increasingly turning to LEDs in order to save money and reduce
maintenance. Both these trends are likely to be here to stay.
10. What is more important: design or functionality?
The answer is simple: “Good design is functional!”
In restaurant lighting, light can be used to focus on the dinner table

to emphasize intimate feel. Low colour temperature is recommended.
The style of lighting fixtures should be in accord with the integral style
of the restaurant decoration, to achieve bright, soft and natural
illumination requirements. Chinese restaurant requires higher
illuminance than western restaurant. Colour rendering index should
be above 80, so that to make dishes appear lively and good-looking
and enhance the appetite of the guests.
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PRACTICAL DESIGN
Entrance
Entrance areas should appear in a

friendly welcoming light to give a
positive impression. The lighting
should be bright enough and provide
a perfect view of the area with no or
very limited glare and uncomfortable
reflex.
The colour temperature in this area should be proper: low colour temperature
narrows the space, while high colour temperature (CCT) reduces the hospitality
and makes people feel uncomfortable. High CRI reflects the true expressions
of guests and impresses them.
Lighting
Guest House Chain Hotel Star Hotel
Application
Basic lighting as To create the inviting Both functional and
Lighting functions atmosphere by the decorative effects
Requirements lighting should meet the
request of star hotel
CCT 3300K 3300K 3000K

CRI CRI > 80 CRI > 85 CRI > 90
Downlight, Downlight, Downlight,
Suspended light Pendant Downlight, Pendant Downlight,
Lighting Suspended light, Suspended light,
Fittings Spot light Spot light,
Decorative LED lines
The lighting in the entrance area should be particularly inviting. The
Remarks entrance zone can be clearly but discretely demarcated with high-intensity
ceiling luminaires.
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Examples
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Reception
Reception areas have to be

highlighted because they are
generally the first places that guests
and visitors see. The light at reception
should be strong enough for guests to
find their way around easily, but also
discrete, confident and relaxing. In order to avoid the glare, the lamp should
be hidden in the reception areas. The colour temperature of the reception
areas and entrance should be coupled well so that the customers can have a
better impression for the passionate service.
Lighting
Application
Meet the basic Create the Share more effort on decorative
requirement for space with lighting in order to create
Lighting
client atmosphere the theme of the hotel with
Requirements
with lighting special feature and manifest the
popularity of hotel.
CCT 3300K 3300K 3000K
Downlight Downlight Downlight,
Lighting Wall Light,
Fittings Table Light,
Decorative LED lines
The lighting fittings should fully match the style and atmosphere of the
Remarks
hotel.
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Examples
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Lounges
The lighting of the lounges will be

involved with some special factors,
such as humanity element, and a
natural element etc. Lighting
designing is not only for the designing
of general scope, meanwhile, it needs
to match the choices of decorating
fixtures, and handling the partial lighting etc. in this area, the illumination will
be not too bright. The warm lighting and graceful music will make the
customers relax and drink for the moment.
Lighting
Application
Meet the basic Lighting matches Pay more attention on
Lighting requirements for the characteristics shaping up the hotel style
Requirements clients’ walking. of chain hotel. and taste by lighting
decoration.
CCT 3000K 3000K 3000K
Downlight Downlight, Downlight,
Lighting Wall Light Wall light,
Fittings Spot light,
Multiple light.
For the ground horizontal illumination 100- Daylight should be
200 lx shall do fine, and the colour considered in star hotel,
temperature needs to be similar with the and it should be kept in
lobby area. High illumination level will make consistence with general
Remarks people feel stuffy and hot. The CRI is also decoration as in use with
important, which should be above 85. It the lighting.
should be an average distribution of lighting.
If the height is over 6 meters, spot light should
be set in the roof.
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Examples
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Lobby
The lobby is the area for waiting and

communications of the customers,
and it will give the customers the first
impression inside the hotel. The
lighting should be consistent with the
hotel. The high colour rendering lamp
is recommended, in order to show the sincere inviting and smiling faces of the
hotel staff. It could impress the customers. The wall light, floor light and table
lamp could be set, to improve the roof poor lighting in the lobby, at the same
time, the contrast of the lighting will be well shown.
Lighting
Application
Meet the basic Lighting matches Pay more attention on
Lighting requirements for the characteristics shaping up the hotel style
Requirements clients’ walking. of chain hotel. and taste by lighting
decoration.
CCT 3000K 3000K 3000K
Lighting Wall Light Wall light,
Fittings Spot light,
Multiple light.
For the ground horizontal illumination Daylight should be considered
300 lx is suggested. It should be an in star hotel, and it should be
Remarks average distribution of lighting. If the kept in consistence with
height is over 6 meters, spot light should general decoration as in use
be set in the roof. with the lighting.
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Layouts
Here we bring some of the best constructed and illuminated lobbies of the
world.
Hotel Lobbies are a great, perhaps, the only way to create a lasting first
impression on their guests. The lobby, in part, gives you a preview of the
hotel’s investments made on the extravagant designs or the peculiar theme to
follow suit. We round up the ten best designed hotel lobbies from around the
world that worked up an appetite for us to find out what more to expect from
the hotel’s rooms.
Le Meridien Chiang Rai Resort, Thailand
Designed by P49, the hotel lobby has an

enigmatic white and black photograph
on the ceiling of the porte-cochère. The
large, modern stainless-steel chandelier
hung in the middle of the reception hall
is an exceptional addition to the
monochromatic décor. The lobby area
influenced by a Thai Pavilion creates a
stunning first impression along with the
inclusion of few modern and abstract
elements reinterpreting the Northern
Thai culture has been infused into the
design.
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Four Seasons Hotel Guangzhou, China
Interestingly, this Four Seasons

Hotel’s lobby is on the 70th floor. The
hotel occupies the top one third of the
103-story Guangzhou International
Finance Center and the exquisite sky
lobby offers an expansive view of the Pearl River Delta. It also holds a towering
atrium that floods the space with natural daylight which is accented at night
by futuristic lighting design. Completed in 2010, interior design firm Hirsch
Bedner Associates is the name behind the design. The lobby is devoid of any
excesses, but in our opinion, comes together well with its sleek, modern
appeal.
Hotel Barceló Raval, Barcelona, Spain
Some may call this a ‘design shop,’ but

Barcelona-based interior designer
Jordi Gali attempts to create an avant-
garde space for design addicts. The
madcap interior of Hotel Barceló
Raval is playfully lapped in shades of pink, white and black and houses eclectic
lamps, flocked wallpapers and Bisazza covered feature walls in the lobby. The
project was realized by architect Jose Maria Guillen White, of the Barceló
development group and the most challenging feature for Gali was to design
around the elliptical shape of the hotel. But there is no such thing as moderate
eclecticism, is there?
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Palazzo Versace, Gold Coast, Australia
This is perhaps the most premium

property on Gold Coast. What we
love about the hotel lobby is the
avant-garde concept with design
influences from Europe and classic
Roman architecture. The interior is
themed and designed by Versace herself with close attention paid to marble
floors, mosaics and Italian craftsmanship. Even the Versace logo, Medusa
head, follows throughout the hotel. The hotel’s interior is replete with the
House of Versace designs and reflects the vibrant colours, patterns and styles
of the iconic brand.
Waldorf Astoria Orlando, Unites States of America
Despite its close proximity to the Walt

Disney World Resort, the hotel opted
for a sophisticated and mature décor.
Designed by SFA Design, the lobby
creates a warm ambience for business
and pleasure travellers alike. You will
see the hand-painted ceilings, original
glasswork, beautiful columns and this
towering legendary clock. The clock, created by Electric Time Company, sits
atop a mahogany column, grounded with a lovely blue velvet banquette. The
top of the column is crowned with a sparkling cut crystal piece.
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The Oberoi Udaivilas, Udaipur, India
The Oberoi Udaivilas is a luxurious

affair that exudes a romantic aura
while embodying a palatial setting.
The resort has won numerous
accolades over the years including the
Best Designed Hotels in the World, the Best Designed Suites, the Best Hotel
Destinations and countless others. The refined lobby sets the tone for the
Udaivilas’ sumptuous grandeur. A large dome with floral painting on gold leaf
gives an air of royal importance while the rest of the interior focuses on mirror
inlays, Deco-style furniture and other pieces. Step in for a royal treatment!
Atlantis The Palm, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
The hotel’s name is a dead giveaway

about the hotel’s theme. Based on the
mysterious lost civilization, WATG
designs the interior ‘reminiscent of
the aquascape of Atlantis in the
Bahamas,’ while incorporating
traditional Arabic themes, such as central archway, skyward spires and domed
lobby. What stands out for us is the lobby’s centrepieces that is surrounded
by a reflection pool. This beautiful sculpture, created by artist Dale Chihuly, is
10 m high and is created by combining over 3000 pieces of intensely coloured
blown glass. Oceanic references abound, the sculpture is surrounded by eight
sea snake columns. Stunning, isn’t it?
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The Venetian, Las Vegas, United States of America
If you have been to Las Vegas but not

ventured into the lobby of the
Venetian, we doubt you have seen
anything at all. The Venetian lobby is
an absolute work of art ornately
decorated with dainty gold frames,
pillars and trims along with the glorious arches and detailed fresco ceiling
reminiscent of the Sistine chapel. The magnificent artwork and craftsmanship
are unmatched by other hotels in the vicinity. A large golden globe fountain is
an exquisite addition to the regal décor.
Andaz Amsterdam Prinsengracht, The Netherlands
Designed by Marcel Wanders, this

destination is on every design lovers’
checklist. The hotel earlier housed a
public library and so evidently, the
imagery from historic books serve as
an inspiration for the wallpaper and
other graphic décor. In the lobby you
can find constellation of stars and planets. Remindful of old-school astronomy,
these suspended objects are gracefully positioned below a large skylight. The
huge bell-shaped chandelier that hang just below the installation illuminate a
row of reception desks. In a largely blue-and-white décor, the bright red Tulip
chairs are a wonderful addition.
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Burj Al Arab, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
It is no surprise that the world’s only

seven-star hotel had to feature on this
list. The lobby is just a glimpse of the
resplendent luxury awaiting you
inside. The interior design is a
fascinating expression of the Arabian
fantasy, cloaked in lavish materials and vibrant colours, even the chairs and
lounges are upholstered in flame reds and yellows. The atrium of the hotel is
perhaps the world’s tallest, measuring at 180 meters, rising from the lobby
levels to the hotel’s uppermost floors. The gold shell desks of the concierge, a
water cascade and stunning aquarium coral reef, all add to the exotic affair.
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Hallways
The main purpose of passage is for

guiding and walking. The suitable
illumination and colour rendering can
make the customer feel security and
comfort when they are walking on the
corridors. The stairs light should be hidden
and make the light and stairs harmonious.
Lighting
Application
Meet the requirements The corridor of the To stand out the style
of guiding and security, chain hotel may be of star hotel,
Lighting and should have proper narrow. It is decorative wall light
Requirements illumination and colour recommended to add could be used in the
rendering some extending slot corridor.
light on the roof.
CCT 3000K 3000K 3000K
Lighting Wall light Spot light,
Fittings Table lamp,
Stair light
For the ground horizontal illumination, 75 - 150 lx The lighting should be
Remarks is suggested. The wall light could be used as fully matched with
guiding. the hotel style.
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Examples
Although recommended lighting levels are:
Em (lux) 100, UGRL ≤ 20 and CRI ≥ 80,
those are just the guides. A final solution is up to you. However, remember
that hotel corridor is one of the presentation details in your hotel, so it
depends on you weather you want that your hotel looks cheap or you insist on
higher luxury level. Lighting solutions are simple but the combination of those
and lighting emission of each one is of huge importance. Here we bring to you
some cheap looking solutions:
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This happened for a reason. Designer choose very bright walls or very intense
floor pattern. Second point of error was in un-necessary use of coloured light.
Third error was in the perception of light. The rule is when you do have light
from the ceiling, dispersing all over the room, that’s the cheapest solution. If
you do have spherical emission on the suspended level, that is the mid-level
solution. But, if you do have concentrated light, pointing only where it is
needed, that is the top solution. A huge part of impression comes from used
materials and colours of the wall, ceiling and floor.
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Here are some higher-level solutions which really demonstrate great
sensibility for the interior design of the hotel. It is also clear what is the
difference between previous group and this one.
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At the end, we do have real top-level solutions as a part of luxury level of the
hotels they belong to. Some of high-level examples might come to this part
and vice versa.
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As you saw here, corridors are part of the principal identity of the hotel, and
so are elevators.
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Elevators
Lighting in the lift is part of

decoration. The lighting angle should
be in good arrangement. The flood
light is used for the functional lighting
(CCT = 3000K). The light with small
beam angel is used for accent
lighting. The colour temperature is
recommended as 4300K.
Lighting
Application
The guiding and The lighting is used The lighting should be
safety are the main to extend the space consistent with the
Lighting factors for lighting as the lift hall in the style and taste of the
Requirements design. chain hotel is star hotel.
narrow.
CCT 3000K – 4500K 3000K – 4500K 3000K – 4500K
Wall light Spot light,
Lighting Fittings Stair light,
Wall light,
Ground light
100 - 300 lx is suggested for the ground The light should be
Remarks
horizontal illumination. soft and graceful.
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Examples
Some elevator examples just to demonstrate how it can be done and give you
some ideas.
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Guest rooms
The bedroom is the core area of hotel.

The bedrooms should radiate
atmosphere and comfort. Good hotel
room lighting should be glare-free and
cast little shadow. Ideally, guests
should be able to adjust the lighting to
suit their needs.
Lighting
Application
General lighting for General lighting for Lighting design should
Lighting satisfying customer’s satisfying pay more attention on
Requirements room activities customer’s room shaping up the hotel
activities style and taste.
CCT 3000K 2700K 2700K – 3500K
Wall light, Ceiling lamp, Spot light,
Table lamp Wall light, Floor light,
Table lamp Table lamp,
Lighting Fittings
Wall light,
Stair light,
Indirect light (ceiling
and walls)
75 - 150 lx is suggested for the ground
Lighting of different
horizontal illumination. Accent lighting
areas should be fully
should be max 300 lx.
consistent. Dimmable
Remarks
lights are used to
provide the background
lighting.
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Layouts
SUGGESTED SCENES (Hotel room)
1. Welcome 150 20 80
2. General 200 20 80
3. Work 300 25 90
4. TV / Reading 50 <15 70
5. Romantic 50 <10 70
In the case of Guest room, we will go more deeply and explain basic principles
of lighting, following the suggested scenes in the table above.
Here’s the example of our Guest room. Principles from this room might be
copied to another type of the room, of different size or category.
1 2 3 4
6
13 16
11
7 15
10 12
8 14 17
Scenes will be explained with coloured numbers that represent luminaires. If

the numbers are in red, luminaire is ON!
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Welcome
1 2 3 4
6
13 16
11
7 15
10 12
8 14 17
General
1 2 3 4
6
13 16
11
7 15
10 12
8 14 17
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Work
1 2 3 4
6
13 16
11
7 15
10 12
8 14 17
TV / Reading
1 2 3 4
6
13 16
11
7 15
10 12
8 14 17
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Romantic
1 2 3 4
6
13 16
11
7 15
10 12
8 14 17
Where numbers 1 – 9 present ceiling recessed spots. CCT is max 3000K and
CRI > 75.
10 is a floor lamp (preferably with variable CCT – 3000 – 4000K) CRI > 80.
11 and 15 are suspended ceiling luminaires with CCT max 3000K and CRI > 80.
12 is a table luminaire that can produce 300 lx on the table (for working
purposes) with CCT 3000 – 4000 K and CRI > 85.
13 and 14 are bed luminaires which can generate 200 lx on the pillow level
with CCT 3000K and CRI > 75. Glare prevention is mandatory!
16 and 17 are wall luminaires which must diminish TV contrast. They must have
CCT 3000K and CRI > 65. Glare prevention is mandatory!
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Bathrooms
The lighting environment of bath

room should be soft and harmonious.
The high colour temperature light is
suggested in the bathroom which
appears clean and clear. Mirror-front
light should be as the accent lighting.
Lighting
Application
The lighting makes up the bath room clean and Style and taste
Lighting
clear, and the mirror-front light is used for the are the main
Requirements
accent lighting. factors.
CCT 3500K 4000K 3000K – 4000K
Spot light Spot light,
Lighting Fittings
LED light,
Mirror-front light.
150 lx is suggested for the The lighting should The glare should
horizontal illumination. A try to make the be avoided.
Remarks frosted downlight and a atmosphere clean
ceiling lamp could be used and clear.
for the functional lighting
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Conference
The conference room is multi-

functional, so the lighting should
meet the requirements as speech,
projecting, product presentation and
training.
Lighting
Application
The routine speech is centralized by the lecturer, and the room is
Lighting required to be bright. When the projector is working, the light should be
Requirements dimmed. It should be enough for note taking and reading besides seeing
the projection clearly.
CCT 4000K 4000K 3000K - 4000K
Spot Light, Spot Light, Spot Light,
Lighting Fittings
Linear light Linear light Decorative Light,
Indirect light
The lighting can be adjusted for specific tasks in professional
conference rooms. Various light colours, diverse types of luminaires
and direct light in different combinations mean the lighting system can
cover a wide range of situations and activities, such as speaker
Remarks spotlighting, beamer presentation light, light for concentrated work
and energizing light for brainstorming.
Recommended illumination is 500 lx at the discussing period and less
than 100 lx in the presentation one.
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Layouts
There are three main lighting systems in the conference room: General
lighting, central lighting and side lighting. They do serve for different purposes.
General lighting is before and after a meeting, central lighting is for making the
notes during the meeting, while side lighting system serves for the projections,
while concentration of the colleagues should be on the screen. In general,
three switches close to the entrance doors, will do the controlling job. In more
advanced conference rooms, you should think of digital control.
Usually, hotels do have another type of the public hall. It is called Banquet hall.
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Banquet hall is usually used for big ceremonies, weddings, electoral campaigns
and similar events where the central idea is to eat. For that purpose, we must
combine lighting systems used in restaurants with some special lighting
systems (coloured reflectors, gobo reflectors, disco balls, beams, lasers etc.)
The most important task we do have to obtain is to illuminate well the stage
part and tables in the hall. Tables should have illumination level of 300 lx, with
great index rendering level (CRI > 85). Stage should have illumination level of
500 lx and greatest rendering index level (CRI > 90).
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Restaurant
The light should be warm but bright in

the restaurant. The two essential
ingredients for perfect restaurant
lighting are atmosphere and zoning.
Atmosphere is created by sensitive
nuanced light; zoning with light
creates cosy areas within the restaurant. Overall, the lighting should be subtle
and reserved but walkways, services zones and other activity areas should be
more brightly lit. Tables and other seating areas call for a relaxing atmosphere.
The light should be bright enough to enable menus to be read in comfort and
for people’s faces to be easily seen but subdued enough to create a sense of
privacy in which to enjoy the meal.
Lighting
Application
Zones and areas where people work-behind the bar for example-need
Lighting brighter, more efficient lighting. The lighting for the guest area needs to
Requirements be attractive, stylish and effective. Architectural highlights and special
furnishings, for example, can be given greater structure with LED lighting.
CCT 3000K 3000K 3000K
Lighting
Spot Light Spot Light Spot Light,
Fittings
Decorative Light
The lighting in the restaurant should be appetizing. Lighting at the tables
Remarks
should be down from the ceiling, completely glare-free and dimmed.
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Layouts
The lighting design and lighting fixtures should be accordant with the
overall decoration style of the restaurant. It is preferred to apply low
colour temperature, and low general lighting illumination (50 lx min).
Downlights are used to increase partial brightness of the desk, create
a bright, soft and natural illumination ambience. The CRI should be 80
min. to make the food appear fresher and vivid and stimulate the
guest's appetite.
In general, there are three types of restaurants and it is up to you to decide

which one is yours. Plan lighting accordingly, because light is 80% of design!
1. Cantina or student restaurant
2. Pizzeria or everyday restaurant
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3. High level luxury restaurant
What is important to remember is that there is always a reflection part of

lighting that should be considered. The reflective lighting component might be
used to fulfil general lighting system, and to cover dark spots. Sometimes
reflections make part of the decorative dimension of the wall or ceiling.
One should note that recessed luminaires can guarantee good lighting
distribution but inhibit intimacy and elegance. If suspended, you should think
about direction of the light emission, which if spherical, can lower the
perceived level of the restaurant. Top restaurants have decided to place
directed luminaires over the tables by purpose. If suspended, they are directed
towards tables bellow. If recessed (spot lighting), they do have narrow beam
which illuminates only the centre part of the table. If the surrounding area is
furnished by dark materials and colours, our guest will enjoy in the intimate
dinner, but will not feel like only one on the world. The reason is peripherical
view, which functions as an alert for danger situations. Here, illuminated in the
intimate mode, one perceives surrounding “isles of light” but they are not
connected with his table. Even the waiter, who comes from semi dark space,
is not the one who might disturb our guests by his approaching.
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When we talk about sky-restaurants, which are usually placed at the top of the
building, the most important fact is the surrounding city area that should be
well seen. For this purpose, reflections of the luminaires from the glass should
be completely avoided. Otherwise our guest will be glared by luminaires or will
have blurred panoramic view.
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Recreation
Hotel guests doesn’t expect only a nice room and tasty food, they also expect
first-class service in terms of rest and relaxation. Saunas, swimming pools and
sporting facilities are therefore key components of a hotel’s service package.
The lighting must fulfil those requirements and expectations. In wellness areas,
soft indirect coloured light helps guests relax, while high brightness levels in
the fitness area encourage guests to work out.
We distinguish different part of the guest recreation spaces and we illuminate

them accordingly, with different lighting solutions. Here are examples:
Wellness - massage
Wellness – relaxation (meditation)
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Spa
Term is derived from the name of the Belgian town of Spa, where since
medieval times illnesses caused by iron deficiency were treated by
drinking chalybeate (iron bearing) spring water.
In the hotel context this is a place of meditation, massage or just relaxation.
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Pool
Usually, hotel pools, if they don’t make a part of Spa complex, are equipped
with underwater spot luminaires that illuminates bottom of the pool and
water. What is really of essential importance, is the lighting levels on the deck
sides of the pool, which have to be min. 100 lx, with CRI 70+.
If you use coloured light, DON’T ever use reddish tones (yellow, orange, red,
violet) because water becomes unpleasantly coloured. Green colour might
make water look dirty. Instead, use blue tones, or white light (> 5000K). Same
goes for the tiles in the pool, which must be greenish or blue, which coloured
with blue light, will reflex shades of blue.
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Fitness
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Bar
The same logic that was mentioned for the restaurants, worth also for bars.
More light, lower is the level! However, the bar is a place of different activities.
People enjoy drink there, relax, read, communicate, work … so the level of
lighting should be adequate. It must have subtle general lighting and some,
carefully planned accents will do the job!
The bar and club are the important service areas of the hotel, guests can relax
and communicate here. The illumination level for these places should be low,
and the lighting should be dimmable. Small recessed spotlights can be used in
this area. The illumination design for interior decorations can be processed
according to the below principle: when the reflection coefficient of decorative
material is above 80%, the illumination level should be 300 lx, and when the
reflection coefficient of decorative material is 50% - 80%, the illumination level
should be 300 – 750 lx.
In general, bars might be combined spaces for the breakfast and evening bar,
or a part of the lobby. They vary in area, and levels, so every new bar is a story
for itself. Hence, some of the basic rules should be followed to create nice and
pleasant bar in your hotel.
Tables should be separated quite enough, so every group of people will enjoy
separate intimacy, without contact with other tables.
Lighting should be planned to offer intimacy and at the same time to be

enough for reading and writing.
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Bar staff should be dressed in branded uniforms and should be very polite in
serving people.
There should be absolutely no glare from the lighting system.
Decorations should be discrete not to obstruct guests’ thoughts and

discussions.
Examples
Lower to mid-level
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Mid-level to higher level
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ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Comfort and convenience
Your guests and staff will appreciate having lighting at optimal levels as well as
controls that are easy to operate or require no effort.
Mandatory code-compliance and sustainable design
Energy codes like ASHRAE 90.1 and IECC dictate lighting controls in new
construction, and guests want to patronize businesses that are
environmentally friendly. Controlling lights to save energy helps in achieving
green, LEED-certified, designs and can be marketed to increase occupancy.
Safety and security
Travelers who feel safe and secure on your property are likely to return. By
controlling both exterior and interior lighting you can be assured of providing
safe, well-lit spaces.
Aesthetics and ambiance
Good lighting enhances good architecture, making your facility shine. Guests
experiencing activities in the best light are more satisfied with their stays.
Reduced operating expenses
Automatically turning lights off when they’re not needed reduces energy bills
and increases lamp life, putting more money back in your budget.
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Studies illuminate significant energy saving opportunity
Whether it’s to feel safer in an unfamiliar environment, or to provide a

welcoming feeling when entering an empty room, many hotel guests leave
bathroom lighting on for extended periods of time, often to serve as a
nightlight.
Studies show that hotel guest bathrooms offer one of the best energy saving
opportunities – eliminating unnecessary extended operation of the lighting.
The studies also conclude that when the control solution includes provisions
for night lighting, energy waste is prevented, and guest satisfaction is
improved.
• 75% of the energy used by guest bathroom lighting occurs when the lights
are left on for longer than one hour (1, 2)
• 2 of every 5 guests leave bathroom lighting on if there are no nightlights, and

an additional 16% of travellers bring their own nightlights to a hotel (3)
1. E. Page, M. Siminovitch. 1999., Lighting Energy Savings Opportunities in

Hotel Guestrooms, Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2. PIER Lighting Research Program., 2003. Performance Analysis of Hotel

Lighting Control System, Sacramento, CA: California Energy Commission
3. From a 1999 survey by WRA, Research, Omaha, NE, commissioned by Sleep

Inn
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Here are some general advices for the hotel areas:
Guest Room
For new hotel construction, choose an elegant, energy saving solution that is
code-compliant and convenient for your guests and staff to use, ensuring their
satisfaction and your savings.
Guest bathroom
Achieve energy savings of 50% or more, lower your power bills and make your
guests feel safe and secure by providing a nightlight and installing an
occupancy sensor. The nightlight can be integral to the sensor or the vanity
lighting.
Restaurants
Hotel restaurants typically serve three meals a day and patrons expect a
different ambience morning, noon and night. Advances in wireless lighting
controls have made adding scene control capabilities to new and existing
facilities simple and cost-effective.
Lobby / Atrium
Hotel guests enjoy architectural design that brings the beauty of the
surroundings into indoor spaces, providing a sense of openness along with the
ambient daylight. Quality controllers integrate the daylight available in spaces
such as atriums and lobbies with the electric light and reduce the amount of
energy consumed by lighting.
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Public Restroom
Without automatic controls, lighting in public access restrooms is often left on

24 hours a day. An ideal solution is to install an ultrasonic occupancy sensor on
the ceiling above the restroom stalls ensuring that lights turn on and remain
on when the space is occupied and turn off after the space is vacated.
Meeting / Conference rooms
Dimmers and scene controls that allow clients to customize the lighting in
meeting and conference rooms add value, making the spaces more attractive
for rental. Occupancy sensors ensure that theses spaces are only lit when they
are in use, translating into reduced utility bills.
Housekeeping Storage
Housekeepers with their hands full may neglect to turn off lighting in the many
supply rooms scattered throughout a hospitality facility – after all, they don’t
pay the power bills. Providing occupancy-based controls in these rooms
ensures energy savings and lets the staff work efficiently by automating the
lighting control.
Utility Rooms
Similar in usage patterns to housekeeping storage, utility room and other hotel
storage room lighting is often left on all day when the space is only occupied
intermittently. With floor to ceiling shelving, or other features unsuitable to
occupancy sensors, these spaces are best controlled by time switches.
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Exterior Lighting
Exterior lighting is critical to guest safety and security, as well as to ambience,

and represents a large component of a facility’s energy use. Parking lots,
garages, walkways, canopies, pool and patio areas all have different control
requirements, but centralized control solutions ensure that lights are on when
needed while preventing energy waste and maximizing savings.
Back of House
Hotel spaces that are used for operations present an enormous opportunity
for energy savings, as lighting is often left on for extended periods of time
when these areas are not in use. Controls such as occupancy sensors and time
switches can help to keep energy use and operating costs down.
• Kitchens
Implement occupancy sensors in the kitchen areas. Lights will
turn on and remain on as long as workers are present.
• Hallways
Occupancy-based lighting control is also recommended for the
back of the house hallways.
• Cold storage
The low-temp occupancy sensor controls lights specifically in
spaces such as cold storage.
• Warehouse
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Install passive infrared sensors in the warehouse to turn lights
on and off automatically in specific areas such as shelving
aisleways.
Business Offices
Not to be forgotten are the private offices occupied by hospitality executives

and management staff. Why leave lights on in vacant offices when occupants
are attending meetings or are elsewhere on the property?
Courtesy of Legrand
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RECONSTRUCTION ADVICES
CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TO DESIGN CHALLENGES
As the hotel industry is starting to climb back to its pre-recession levels,

renovations are more prevalent than new construction. As a part of this
recovery, owners and developers are looking to convert and renovate existing
properties. Depending on the magnitude of the work, these renovations and
conversions can create design challenges to adapt designs to fit within the
existing spaces of older properties. Designers are faced with space, budget and
schedule constraints. Creativity plays a definite role in developing a new
product that is inviting to guests, complimentary to the brand and conscious
of the bottom line. Here are some design challenges that occur and solutions
to overcome them.
Site and spatial constraints
In urban locations, owners and developers are not only looking to renovate
and reflag existing hotels but also to convert office or commercial buildings
into hotels. These buildings can have unusual shapes that are inconsistent with
hotel function, making it difficult to fit a typical brand program. But there are
always solutions to overcome site and spatial obstacles:
• Get the “wow” factor. Try to put as much of the lobby and key
spaces in the front of the building at the street level. This will
create activity and intrigue to passers-by, bringing more people
into the hotel.
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• Less is more. Create a simple layout to maximize square footage
and circulation areas. A straightforward layout in a complicated
space will also aid guests in finding common elements like
arrival, elevators and dining.
• Brighten it up. Create as much light as possible. Make sure
enough natural (and artificial) light is spread throughout the
common area spaces.
• Think inside the envelope. If you have a narrow structure with
neighbouring buildings, be sure to include well-placed air wells
to allow natural light to filter down the building to develop a
comfortable environment for the guestrooms.
• Aim high. If possible, try to put amenities on the roof or upper
levels to allow for greater advantage of views as well as for more
space for the lobby. Utilize lower levels below grade when
possible for back-of-house functions.
Wrong box for the right product
What do you do with the “box” you want to convert or reflag doesn’t match
the new brand’s vision? To keep the renovation cost at an acceptable level,
there are a couple areas to examine when presented with a property-
improvement-plan conversion.
• Design with cost in mind. Be careful to not move existing items

that will have a huge cost impact. In most instances, it is best to
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limit moving the bathrooms, bar and buffet because they impact
the infrastructure and create the most cost.
• Examine the space for potential increase in revenue and activity.
Depending on the space, it might make more sense to relocate
the bar to be in the sight line of guests as they enter the hotel.
These aggressive moves must be weighed against their cost
benefit.
• Open it up. Today’s trends and many of today’s brands embrace
an open-concept lobby that is a challenge to incorporate in older
hotels. Removing non-load bearing walls will allow guests to
visually connect while keeping the existing infrastructure in
place.
Embrace the hotel’s character
Sometimes an older building will have distinctive design elements that were in
style when it was originally built but might not be fashionable today. These
details may be ingrained in the hotel and will pose a challenge when trying to
incorporate them into the current design. The first answer is to cover up the
dated feature but that might not be possible and may not even be the best
approach.
A couple of suggestions to embrace these items are:
• Work with existing features. Try to incorporate an aspect of the

dated element into your design. A recent project featured
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substantial amounts of scalloped concrete throughout the public
spaces of the hotel. It was cost prohibitive to remove it or cover
it so a round bar and circular front desk were created to embrace
it and tie into the scalloped edging. The new elements created a
space that matched and provided a cohesive, updated area for
guests without the expense of covering it up.
• Embellish it. Another idea is to add elegant touches to furniture,
fixtures and equipment, finishes and art around a distinctive
element as a way to offset the feature or make the new
composition a more eclectic mix of old and new.
Too much program
Many times, when starting the feasibility of converting a hotel, the brand
issues a PIP that has more “wants” than the hotel has space. When the PIP has
too much program for the current square footage, an examination of the
current footprint may lend to some creative solutions to the “size” challenge.
• Double up on space. A meeting room can serve as overflow

dining for breakfast or as a private dining room. Another
consideration is to combine a morning coffee bar with an
evening reception bar to maximize the same space. Maybe part
of the lobby can be used for overflow food-and-beverage space.
• Evaluate the market. Are all program elements really necessary?
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Do you need a spa? Does the market support the amount of meeting space or
lobby seating recommended?
Compact guestrooms
An owner might purchase a lower-tier branded hotel and decide to convert it

into a higher-tier or full-service brand. A general rule of thumb usually dictates
that the higher the tier, the bigger the guestroom. In addition, they usually
have more FF&E than a lower-tier hotel. Designers are challenged with fitting
the same amenities into less square footage. How do you find more inches in
a room size that can’t budge?
• Make it look bigger. Use smaller pieces when possible. In the

past, a dresser needed to be 24-inches deep to accommodate a
tube-style TV. With today’s flat-screen TV, a hotel can get by with
18 inches or even less to pick up an extra six inches or more at
the foot of the bed.
• Create innovative ideas. Find dual-purpose or convertible FF&E
like an ottoman that doubles as storage, a fold-down table or a
desk with wheels that can move when needed or put away when
it’s not in use. Consider a bench that also serves as a luggage
rack.
• Change the conditions. Examine the room layout to see if
rotating a king bed to the bathroom wall might provide
additional clearance.
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Every project is unique and poses its own challenges. Sometimes thinking
outside the box or deep within the intricacies of the box produces the best
results for the client, brand and most importantly, the guest.
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CONSULTING REFERENCES
• setupmyhotel.com
• www.hotelchatter.com
• www.lightingcompany.co.uk
• www.hvsdesignservices.com
o Jonathan C. Nehmer, AIA, ISHC | President, Jonathan Nehmer +
Associates and HVS Design
• www.elektralighting.co.uk
o Neil Knowles
• www.cntraveler.com
• www.standardpro.com
• hoteldesigns.net
• www.akzu.com
• www.chelsom.co.uk
o Ganesh Prasad head of technical at Chelsom
• ERCO
• PHILIPS lighting
• OSRAM – LEDVANCE
o Julia Morosow, International Key Account Manager for Hospitality in
Europe at LEDVANCE
• GE Lighting
• Zumtobel
• Legrand
• LOBBY Photos sourced from Instagram y Hotel Burj Al Arab, Oberoi Udaivillas-
Resource Directory, Andaz Amsterdam – hospitality.net, Atlantis-
peanutbuttered.com; Le Meridien Thailand, Barcelo Raval, Waldorf Astoria,
Palazzo Versace – hotel courtesy; Four Seasons Guangzhou – Travel media;
The Venetian - Randy Petriet (Flickr)
• Other pictures taken from various internet sites
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Hotel Lighting Project Handbook

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Ranko Skansi, M.Sc.E.E.Ld.

Ranko Skansi, M.Sc.E.E.Ld.

28th May 2018.

There’s no second chance

It is vitally important to make your hotel stand out, it should be

2. Let there be (enough) light

As hoteliers expect stylish design and quality whilst working to a tighter

Blending cutting edge style with the latest technological developments is

Creating bespoke product for clients is becoming increasingly more common

Hotel guests do not want to be figuring out the touch screen by

It’s really not about lux levels!

Darker restaurants are more expensive

2500 K 4200 K 6500 K

Not every downlight is the same

Just as there is a vast difference in car manufacturers on the market, there is a

Beam angles (do NOT change them when re-lamping)

Many fittings come with a defined

If you move all the furniture, you will

Restaurant table has a spot to it? If

Lighting is not adequate? Sort it out. Properly. If your chairs were

Choose the right control system...

...but don’t overcomplicate it

1. Cleanliness: This is an absolute must. Hotels, whether we're talking about a

2. Adequate safety/security: For many, a hotel functions as a home away from

6. Attentive phone answering: Hotels typically have a standard "answer the

A) Clear direction: Guests should know what to do or where to go when

General hotel categorization according to USA nomenclature should be like

High standard of cleanliness, comfortable and simple accommodation,

Three Stars - 

Four Stars - 

Five Stars - 

Transition zone between kitchen and

Service areas for guests should have following lighting conditions.

1. Floor level illumination

1. Floor level illumination

1. Floor level illumination

1. Avoid windows reflections

• European indoor lighting standard. Defines lighting requirements for

• European outdoor lighting standard. Defines lighting requirements for

EN 15193 Energy performance of buildings – Energy requirements for lighting

• Defines the energy performance of the building on an annual basis

EN 1838 Lighting Applications – Emergency lighting

• Defines the luminous requirements for emergency lighting systems

When thinking of lighting in a hotel, we should take into consideration the

Because of their seamless sophistication, flexibility and beam distribution,

An unmistakable, distinctive concept and design are particularly important

Guest room is the most important place for customer experience, it

Following room type definitions are common in the hotel industry:

1) Single: A room assigned to one

The room size or area of Single Rooms

The room size or area of Double

3) Triple: A room that can

The room size or area of Triple Rooms

4) Quad: A room assigned to four

The room size or area of Quad Rooms

The room size or area of Queen

6) King: A room with a king-sized bed.

The room size or area of King Rooms

7) Twin: A room with two twin beds.

The room size or area of Twin Rooms

The room size is generally between 32 m² to 40 m².

9) Double-double: A Room with two

The room size or area of Double-

10) Studio: A room with a studio bed-