NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Arts and Sciences

Biology Department

Chapter Assignment

Name: CHRISTIAN JAY BACANTO Score:

I. Identification. Fill in the blanks. (12 points)

Gene 1. A hereditary determinant of a trait

Alleles 2. The different forms of a particular gene

Genotype 3. The molecular makeup (genetic constitution) of an organism or cell.

Dominant 4. A trait expressed in the phenotype when the genotype is either heterozygous or homozygous

Homologous 5. An individual having two of the same alleles for a trait is said to be __ for that trait

Phenotype 6. The observable properties of an organism— including its visible traits

Recessive 7. A trait expressed in the phenotype when a genotype is homozygous for the alternative allele

Incomplete dominance 8. Neither allele is completely dominant, and the F1 hybrids have a phenotype

somewhere between those of the two parental varieties.

Pleiotropy 9. The phenomenon of a single gene influencing two or more distinct phenotypic traits

Epistasis 10. The phenotypic expression of a gene at one locus alters that of a gene at a second locus

Penetrance 11. Refers to the ratio of members in a population with a particular genotype that showed the
expected phenotype.

Expressivity 12. Refers to the degree or intensity with which a particular genotype is expressed in a
phenotype of an individual
II. Analysis/Application. Answer the following questions. Provide explanations if
necessary.

1. Two Drosophila flies that had normal (transparent, long)

wings were mated. In the progeny, two new phenotypes appeared: dusky wings
(having a semiopaque appearance) and clipped wings (with squared
ends). The progeny were as follows: (15 points)

Females Males

179 transparent, long 92 transparent, long 89 dusky, long

58 transparent, clipped 28 transparent, clipped 31 dusky, clipped

Provide the following:

a. dominance relationship for wing transparency? wing appearance (long/clipped)?

For the wing transparency and long wing appearance, the dominance relationship is complete dominance. The
clipped wing appearance is incomplete dominance.

b. gene interaction?

The gene interaction is dominant epistasis.

c. mode of inheritance for wing transparency (i.e. dusky)? wing appearance (long/clipped)?

The autosomal dominant for wing transparency and the autosomal recessive for the dusky wing whereas the long and
clipped wing are sex-linked inheritance.

d. chromosomal explanation for these results, showing chromosomal genotypes of parents and of all progeny classes

D - transparent (dominant); d - dusky (recessive) and L - long (dominant); l - clipped (recessive)

Parents genotypes: Dd Ll (mother) - heterozygous transparent, heterozygous long

Dd Ll (father) - heterozygous transparent, heterozygous long

2. In tomatoes, one gene determines whether the plant has purple (P) or green (G) stems, and a separate, independent
gene determines whether the leaves are “cut” (C) or “potato” (Po). Five matings of tomato-plant phenotypes give the
following results: (14 points)

Numbers of progeny

Mating Parental genotypes Parental phenotypes P,C P,PO G,C G,PO

1 PgCpo P,C x G,C 323 102 309 106

Heterozygous purple,

Heterozygous cut

2 PPCpo P,C x P,Po 220 206 65 72

Homologous purple,

Heterozygous cut

3 PPCpo P,C x G,C 723 229 0 O

Homozygous purple,

Heterozygous cut

4 PgCC P,C x G,Po 405 0 389 0

Heterozygous purple,

Homozygous cut

5 PgCpo P,Po x G,C 71 90 85 78

Heterozygous purple,

Heterozygous cut

3. A mutant allele in mice causes a bent tail. Six pairs of mice were crossed. Their phenotypes and those of
their progeny are given in the following table. N is normal phenotype; B is bent phenotype. Fill in the parental
genotypes then deduce the mode of inheritance (be specific) of bent tail. (20 points)

Cross Parents Progeny

♀ ♂ Genotype ♀ Genotype ♂ Genotype

1 N B nb x nb All B ½ BN(heterozygous bent) All N ½ Nn(homozygous normal)

½ bb(homozygous bent) ½ Nb(heterozygous normal)

2 B N Nb x nB 1/2 B, ½ mn(homozygous normal) 1/2 B, ½ Bn(heterozygous normal)

1/2 N ½ BN(heterozygous bent) 1/2 N ½ Bb(homozygous bent)

3 B N nB x BB All B 4/4 nB(heterozygous bent) All B ½ Bn(heterozygous bent)

½ BB(homozygous bent)

4 N N Nb x Nb All N ½ NN(homozygous normal) All N ½ NN(homozygous normal)

 ½ Nb(heterozygous normal) ½ Nb(heterozygous normal)

5 B B nb x nb All B ½ BN(heterozygous bent) All B ½ BN(heterozygous bent)

½ Bb(homozygous bent) ½ Bb(homozygous bent)

6 B B nb x NB All B ½ BN(heterozygous bent) 1/2 B, ½ BN(heterozygous normal)

½ Bb(homozygous bent) 1/2 N ½ BB(homozygous bent)

4. Assuming that one allele is completely dominant over the other, consider the following cross: (16 points)
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee x aa Bb cc Dd ee

a. What proportion of progeny will phenotypically resemble (1) the first parent, (2) the second parent, (3) either
parent, and (4) neither parent?
1.) First parent -> As Bb Cc DD Ee = 72/1024
2.) Second parent -> aa Bb cc Dd ee = 72/1024
3.) Either parent -> Aa Bb Cc DD Ee = 243/1024
4.) Neither parent -> AA bb CC dd EE = 1024/1024

b. What proportion of progeny will be genotypically the same as (1) the first parent, (2) the second parent, (3) either
parent, and (4) neither parent?
1.) First parent -> Aa Bb Cc DD Ee = 32/1024
2.) Second parent -> aa Bb cc Dd ee = 32/1024
3.) Either parent -> Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee = 32/1024
4.) Neither parent -> AA bb CC dd EE = 1024/1024

5. The accompanying pedigree shows the pattern of transmission of two rare human phenotypes: cataract and
pituitary dwarfism. Family members with cataract are shown with a solid left half of the symbol; those with pituitary
dwarfism are indicated by a solid right half. (13 points)

A. What is the most likely mode of inheritance of each of these phenotypes?

A cataracts appear to be caused by a dominant allele because the affected people has affected parents. Dwarfism
appears to be caused by a recessive allele because the affected offsprings has unaffected parents. Both traits appeared
to be autosomal.
B. List the genotypes of all members in generation III as far as possible.
A possible members in generation III: a/a; B/b, a/a; B/b; A/a; B/-, a/a; B/-, A/a; B/b, A/a; B/b, a/a; B/-, a/a; B/-, a/a;
b/b
C. If a hypothetical mating took place between IV-1
and IV-5(i.e. heterozygote for both genes), what is
the probability of the first child’s being a dwarf
with cataracts? A phenotypically normal child?
The mating between IV-1 and IV-5 is a/a; B/b x
A/-; B/-. The probability of a first child's is a dwarf
with cataracts and the child would inherits the A
and b alleles from its mother.