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Understanding Heredity and Genetics

This document discusses heredity and genetics. It explains that genetics is the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring through DNA. It describes that chromosomes carry DNA and humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. A gene is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for building molecules that help the body work. The document also discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants that discovered the basic principles of heredity and inheritance. It then explains Mendel's laws of inheritance including dominance, independent assortment, and segregation. Finally, it introduces the Punnett square method for predicting potential offspring genotypes and phenotypes from parent genotypes.

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Patricia Sofia Dizon
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359 views29 pages

Understanding Heredity and Genetics

This document discusses heredity and genetics. It explains that genetics is the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring through DNA. It describes that chromosomes carry DNA and humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. A gene is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for building molecules that help the body work. The document also discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants that discovered the basic principles of heredity and inheritance. It then explains Mendel's laws of inheritance including dominance, independent assortment, and segregation. Finally, it introduces the Punnett square method for predicting potential offspring genotypes and phenotypes from parent genotypes.

Uploaded by

Patricia Sofia Dizon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Heredity: Inheritance and Variation
  • Heredity
  • Variation
  • Genetics
  • Chromosome
  • DNA
  • Gene
  • Gregor Mendel
  • Mendelian Genetics
  • Homozygous and Heterozygous
  • Genotype vs Phenotype
  • Reginald Punnett
  • Punnett Square
  • Conclusion
  • Quiz Time

HEREDITY:

Inheritance and
Variation
VARIATION
Genetics is the scientific study of
genes and heredity—of how
certain qualities or traits are
passed from parents to offspring
as a result of changes in DNA
sequence.
Chromosome
Chromosomes are
Click icon to add picture
structures found in
the center (nucleus)
of cells that carry
long pieces of DNA.
Chromosome
• 23 pairs of
chromosomes in
humans (total: 46)
• Sex Chromosomes
 XX = Female
 XY = Male
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) is the molecule that
carries genetic information
for the development and
functioning of an organism.
Gene
A gene is a segment of
DNA that contains
instructions for building
one or more molecules
that help the body work.
Gregor Mendel
• He discovered the basic
principles of heredity through
experiments with pea plants.
• Mendel showed that when two
varieties of purebred plants
cross-breed, the offspring
resembled one or other of the
parents, not a blend of the two.
• Father of Genetics
endelian Genetics
Law of Dominance
• It states that recessive traits
are always dominated or
masked by dominant trait.
•There are recessive and
dominant alleles.​
Law of Dominance
Law of Independent Assortment

• It states that the alleles


of different genes are
inherited independently.
Law of Independent Assortment
Law of Segregation
• It states that two
alleles coding for
the same trait
separate during
gamete formation.
HOMOZYGOUS
AA, BB, CC, DD, EE, FF, GG, HH, II, JJ, KK,
LL
aa, bb, cc, dd, ee, ff, gg, hh, ii, jj, kk, ll, mm, nn

HETEROZYGOUS
Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll
Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
GENOTYPE
PHENOTYPE
Reginald
Punnett
PUNNETT SQUARE
• The Punnett Square is a table in which all
of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross
between two individuals with known
genotypes are given.
• In its simplest form, the Punnett Square
consists of A square divided into four
quadrants.
X
BB bb
Genotypic Ratio:

B B 4 heterozygous dominant

b Bb Bb Phenotypic Ratio:
4 black (dark) eyes

b Bb Bb
Genotypic Ratio:

P p 2 heterozygous dominant
2 homozygous recessive

p Pp pp Phenotypic Ratio:
2 purple flower
2 white flower

p Pp pp
Genotypic Ratio:

T T 4 heterozygous dominant

t Tt Tt Phenotypic Ratio:
4 tall

t Tt Tt
thank you …

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