Chapter IX: Impacts on the Environment

and Human Health

The UrbanLand Development and

Transportation Infrastructure
URBANIZATION
causes industrial growth,
employment, and social
factors like superior
educational facilities,
better access to
healthcare, modern
housing, and more
recreational activities.
Employment Opportunities Modernization Access

P O S I T I V E I M PA C T
of Urban Land Development
 Positive Impact on Urban Land Development

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
• With Industrialization
comes the creation of
jobs. Usually making a shift
from an agricultural
economy to industrialize
country.

• Urban employment
opportunities
 Positive Impact on Urban Land Development

MODERNIZATION
• Modernization can make for a more
sustainable city layout, with better
housing/businesses, market
centers, and public transit
systems.

• The presence of the INTERNET and

ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY can
expand communication to nearly
any corner of the globe.
Positive Impact on Urban Land Development

ACCESS
• Accessibility to the Internet,
better healthcare,
education, recreational
activities, social services,
and more all improve
livability.
• Additionally, modern cities have
the potential to better plan
their city for sustainability and
boost their economy.
Congestion Poverty Environmental Hazards

P onRUrban
O Land
B Development
LEMS
Problems on Urban Land Development
CONGESTION

With so many people moving from rural areas, many urbanized cities are starting
to see an overcrowding issue. Major cities such as Manila (EDSA) are dealing with
major congestion problems. Overpopulation is contributing to extreme traffic, the
depletion of resources, pollution, and unemployment among many other issues.
Problems on Urban Land Development
POVERTY
• Result of Unemployment

• Housing problems may arise

with a very high population
density and can lead to poor
housing conditions.

• Unemployment and poor

housing is creating an influx of
crime in urban cities as well.
Problems on Urban Land Development
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
• Water and sanitation issues
are surfacing because of rapid
population increases.

• Population of urbanized cities are suffering

from a lower quality of life due to
environmental reasons such as water
scarcity, pollution, and
sanitation.

• Additionally, this is leading to the spread

of disease and poor health in
heavily populated areas.
TRANSPORTATION
INFRASTRUCTURE
 Movement of people Movement of resources Employment opportunities

P O S I T I V E I M PA C T
Transportation Infrastructures
Problems on Urban Land Development
MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE
• Society has always been growing.
There is always need for people to
work in different fields.

• So, transportation is required so they

can reach work in time.

• Transportation makes it easier

for people to move larger
distances in shorter span of time.
Problems on Urban Land Development
MOVEMENT OF RESOURCES

• Goods also need to be

transported.

• Transportation allows the

resources to be provided to the
places where they are needed.
Without transport, there would
be no material for people to
work with on time. Keeping
work aside, normal day routine
would be devastated without
transportation.
Problems on Urban Land Development
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

• The fact that transportation has

integrated well with technology,
has also created employment
opportunities.

• People can now use apps like

Kareem, Uber and many such
applications to work. They can take
their vehicles, get them registered
and use these apps to help people
reach their destinations.
Air Pollution Noise Pollution Ecological Degradation Accidents and Breakdowns

PROBLEMS
in Transportation Infrastructures
Energy Consumption in Transport and
Environmental Pollution
Transport requires energy
mainly for vehicle operation
and to some extent also for
manufacturing of the vehicle.
And the energy consumption
in transport sector is the main
cause of pollution.
Problems in Transportation Infrastructure

Air Pollution
• Transport is a major source of air
pollution not only in developed
but in developing countries also.

• Ecologists believe that the rapid

increase in the number of
vehicles on our roads, which has
taken place without any real
restriction, is fast devel­oping into
an environmental crisis.
 Problems in Transportation Infrastructure

Noise Pollution
• The sources of noise from road
vehicles are many and varied,
including break squeal, door slam,
loose loads, horns, over-amplified
music systems, etc.

The health effects of noise

• Good evidence shows the adverse effects of

noise on communication, school performance,
sleep and temper, as well as cardiovascular
effects and hearing impairment.
 Problems in Transportation Infrastructure

Ecological Degradation
The degradation of terrestrial and
aquatic ecosystems, as measured
by indicators such as reduced
habitat/species diversity, primary
productivity or the areal extent of
ecologi­cally valuable plant and
animal communities, provides
one of the most emotive aspects
of the tension between transport
development and environmental
quality.
 Problems in Transportation Infrastructure

Accidents and Breakdowns

• There are more chances
of accidents and
breakdowns in case of
motor transport.
• Thus, motor transport is
not as safe as rail
transport.