Elements of spatial

disorders

In the Philippine Context

01
traffic
Traffic/traffic
congestion
According to Merriam-Webster:

“the movement of vehicles and

pedestrians through an area or
along a route”

“ congestion of vehicles ”

➢ Traffic congestion is a condition in

transport that is characterized by
slower speeds , longer trip times ,
and increased vehicular queuing.
 A case of metro manila
Metro Manila or the National Capital Region is a collection of seventeen independent cities in the Philippines; it is
the seat of government and the most populous region of the country. According to the National Economic and
Development Authority (NEDA), the region is designated as a global power city, as it exerts a significant impact
on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education and entertainment. It is also home to
all the consulates and embassies in the Philippines, therefore making it an important center for international
diplomacy. All of these made the region an economic power making it the country’s premiere center for finance
and commerce.
urbanization as a catalyst
Traffic is one of the many effects of
urbanization. The current trend on
people’s immigration is because of better
opportunities that would benefit
financial improvement and with the label
of Metro 6 Manila; it is natural for
people to flock towards this part of the
country, being so, this influx of people
contributed to the congestion of the
city. However, it has to be noted that
more people does not necessarily mean
more cars, and according to studies, cars
and other private vehicles are among the
causes of traffic congestion in Metro
Manila.
Metro manila causes of traffic accdng to mmda

It was seen here cars and other private vehicles are not the only cause of
traffic congestion, other elements such as lack of quality public
transport and infrastructure also plays a role, which are all present in
the Metropolis of Manila.
A look of manila roads
 A conglomeration of factors

Land use planning Roadway network and

Mercury is the closest management
planet to the Sun Current carrying capacity and
lane management

Public Trasit
Car dependency infrastrcuture
Railways, Busses,
Economic regulations
Pedetrian walkways
on car aquizition
 Metro manila traffic in a nutshell.

While the increase of traffic does indicate that there is substantial economic growth in the region, according to Dr.
Jose Ramon Albert, a professional statistician. For him traffic congestion beyond economic prosperity is a combination
of poor public transport and volume of vehicles, because of the sorry state of public transport, it gives little
alternatives for the middle and upper classes to buy cars, which in effect adds to the already sheer volume of vehicles
in the metro; While others refers to city planning and infrastructure development as elements that contributes to the
problem. There had been opinions as to how proper planning could alleviate the situation, perhaps the most common
is to improve the walkability of sidewalks, aside from increasing and widening of roads. The theory behind is that a
safe and conducive sidewalk would entice pedestrians, thereby lessening the need for vehicles.
02
Neglecting &
abusing the
environment
Neglecting & abusing the environment

01 OVERPOPULATION 03 DEFORESTATION

02 GLOBAL WARMING 04 pollution

OVERPOPULATION
A shortage of resources such as food, water and fuel to sustain the
rising global population, particularly in developing countries. Intensive
agriculture attempting to lessen the problem actually leads to more
damage through the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and
insecticides.
The Philippines is also one
of the world's fastest
urbanizing countries, with
overcrowding posing its
own set of problems.
 47%
Population living in urban areas

200
Urban areas which has 50,000 population

31% 16%
Compare to thailand and cambodia
GLOBAL WARMING
The emission of greenhouse gases due to human
activity causes global warming, which in turn causes
an increase in temperature that then leads to rising
sea levels, melting of polar ice caps, flash floods
and desertification.
Philippines’s
climate
The Philippines is extremely vulnerable to
global change's effects, such as sea level
rise, frequent extreme weather events,
climate changes, and heavy rainfall.

More than half of greenhouse gas

emissions in the Philippines are attributed
to the energy sector, which is followed by
agriculture, industrial activities, waste,
land-use change, and forestry.
 GLOBAL WARMING

Cyclones landslides droughts floods

deforestation
Loss of trees in order to make space for residential, industrial or
commercial projects means that less oxygen is produced, and
temperature and rainfall are affected.
 DEFORESTATION

The Philippines is one of the most deforested countries in the tropics, with most of the
deforestation occurring in the previous 40 years.

The country is facing food insecurity as a result of soil erosion, which has resulted in depleted
nutrients and low crop output. In many areas, at least half of the topsoil has been destroyed,
and 70% of croplands are under risk of erosion
 pollution
The emission of greenhouse gases due to human
activity causes global warming, which in turn causes
an increase in temperature that then leads to rising
sea levels, melting of polar ice caps, flash floods
and desertification.
 2.2 million
Automobiles cause traffic congestion

57th
Ranked “World most polluted countries”

45.3%
Air pollution-related deaths
ELEMENTS OF
SPATIAL DISORDER
APOSTOL
DILLERA
ESGUERRA
DOLORITO
MUNDIN
IMPROPER SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Improper waste management
-Waste disposal refers to any technique that is used to get rid of
unwanted substances or materials. Poor waste disposal procedures
cause problems on the ecology in a particular location.

• When garbage is disposed of in an environmentally harmful manner, it

is referred to as improper waste disposal.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/solid-waste-management
CAUSES
• Limited disposal
areas and more
illegal dump
sites.
• Rapid economic
growth.
• Ignorance

effect
• Intense Flooding https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/waste-bins-sorting-organic-plastic-glass-vector-25911630

• Deleterious on
water and
ground.
 Example Locations

Region 4a Region 4B
Cavite Naga City, Camarines
Norte
Cavite
The province of Cavite sends 50
percent of its solid waste to its
rivers, averaging 2,000 tons per
day, with 90 percent of that going
to Manila Bay (Remulla, 2021)
Region 4A
Cavite

Causes
• Overpopulation
• Without proper implementation of the regulations and policies
concerning waste disposal including the transportation, collection
of waste and recovery system.
• Lack of Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)
• There are constraints in the number of operating dump trucks
and man-power
• Having illegal operation of open dumpsites

Possible sollutions
• Having environmental marshals
• Proper implementation of policies and regulations
• Providing sanitary landfill (SLF) and Materials Recovery Facility (MRF).
• Promote waste segregation and waste reduction
 Elnido, Palawan
According to statistics from the city
council of El Nido, Palawan, the
town collected around 10 tons of
rubbish per day before 2014, and
today the amount of garbage
collection is over 22 tons per day.
Region 4B
El Nido, Palawan

Causes
• An increase in the volume of garbage due to the influx of tourists
of tourists and uncontrolled development.
• Some residents do not segregate their garbage and dump them
in in the streets.
• The use of plastic and plastic bottles in boat tours.

Possible sollutions
• Beach cleanups
• Plastic ban
• Clean water supply
• New water system and proposed landfill
Thanks!

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04 - Slums and informal
settlements
Study of its cause and effects
Slums and informal
settlement
Slums are urban areas
characterized by poverty and
substandard living conditions,
and informal settlements are
areas developed outside of
planning regulations and legally
sanctioned housing and land
markets.
Contributing factors
Rapid Weak
01 urbanization
Fast growth of development
in the Metro and Urban
03 governance
Poor Planning and Urban
management
Areas

Rural-urban Employment
02 migration
Movement of people from
rural to urban for better
04 opportunity
Differentiation in Income
between Rural and Urban
living opportunities Areas
 Effects

Overpopulation Sanitation challenges

Overcrowding of a specific area Lack of potable water, clean food
carrying more than the allocated and waste management.
capacity.

Poor living conditions Health hazards

Inadequate provision of basic Vulnerability to diseases and
needs. virus.
Manila, philippines
High density
population
The city proper was home to
1,846,513 people in 2020

High level of informal

settlers
Philippines has increased from 4.1% of
total urban population in 2003 to
5.4% in 2012

HIGH poverty rate

16.6% of the population of the
Philippines, or about 17.6 million
people, live under the poverty line.
With 64% of the of Filipino household
struggling for security.
 Solution

01 03
Government leaderships Housing
Interconnected Governance in Providing adequate and
all levels. affordable yet stable housing
availabilities.

Systemic and citywide/at-scale Long-term financial investment

02
approaches
Capitalizing on the use of
innovative financing and taxes,
land management, multiple
forms of employment, including
informal settlers in planning
and design.
04
and inclusive financing options
Sustainable and affordable
financial programs that focuses
on providing better
opportunities for low-income
families.
 05
Urban sprawl
Urban sprawl is a form of urban growth in which
low-density development (such as single-family homes) of
large plots of land takes place over a large area, sometimes
extending for miles outside of the urban limits. It is also
called suburban sprawl, metropolitan sprawl, and
suburbanization.
 Effects of urban sprawl
environment
The development of urban
sprawl increases the need for
transport and reduces the land
available for agriculture. This
leads to more pollution from
transport and, according to the
data, more food being imported
from other countries.
Social life & economy
Urban sprawl has a negative impact
on the social life of residents. A lack
of public places such as parks and
playgrounds limits the opportunities
for residents to meet each other and
interact. This can lead to social
segregation, and the people living in
these areas can become disengage
from the rest of the community.
Political disconnection
Urban sprawl makes it difficult for
people from different areas to
participate in the democracy of our
country. Communities becomes
segregated, and develop local norms
and beliefs that fail to be properly
integrated into broader society, and
fail to be properly recognized by our
elected officials.
manila,
philippines
More than half of the country’s
population of over 100 million now
reside in urban areas, with four regions
registering the highest levels of
urbanization, according to the
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).
 Solutions

Improve & reduce the Limit the use of private Provide more public
need for transport vehicles space

Build communities, Build affordable

not houses housing