04 - Slums and

informal settlements
Study of its cause and effects
Slums and
informal
settlement
Slums are urban areas
characterized by poverty and
substandard living conditions, and
informal settlements are areas
developed outside of planning
regulations and legally sanctioned
housing and land markets.
Contributing factors
Rapid Weak
01 urbanization
Fast growth of development
in the Metro and Urban
03 governance
Poor Planning and Urban
management
Areas

Rural-urban Employment
02 migration
Movement of people from
rural to urban for better
04 opportunity
Differentiation in Income
between Rural and Urban
living opportunities Areas
 Effects

Overpopulation Sanitation
Overcrowding of a specific area
carrying more than the allocated
challenges
Lack of potable water, clean food
and waste management.
capacity.

Poor living Health hazards

conditions
Inadequate
needs.
provision of basic Vulnerability to diseases and
virus.
Manila, philippines
High density
population
The city proper was home to
1,846,513 people in 2020

High level of
informal settlers
Philippines has increased from 4.1% of
total urban population in 2003 to 5.4%
in 2012

HIGH poverty
rate
16.6% of the population of the
Philippines, or about 17.6 million
people, live under the poverty line.
With 64% of the of Filipino household
struggling for security.
 Solution
Government leaderships Housing
Interconnected Governance in
all levels.
01 03 Providing adequate and
affordable yet stable housing
availabilities.

Systemic and citywide/at- Long-term financial

scale approaches investment and inclusive
Capitalizing on the use of
innovative financing and taxes,
land management, multiple
02 04 financing options
Sustainable and affordable
financial programs that focuses
on providing better
forms of employment, including opportunities for low-income
informal settlers in planning and families.
design.