SLUMS OF INDIA

A N U RA G K S | S T U D IO 7
 The word “slum” is often used to describe informal settlements
within cities that have inadequate housing and miserable living
conditions. They are often overcrowded, with many people
crammed into very small living spaces. Slums are not a new
WHAT IS phenomenon. They have been a part of the history of almost all
cities, particularly during the phase of urbanisation and
SLUMS? industrialisation. Slums are generally the only type of settlement
affordable and accessible to the poor in cities, where competition
for land and profits is intense. The main reason for slum proliferation
is rapid and non-inclusive patterns of Urbanisation catalysed by
increasing rural migration to urban areas.
 ❖LACK OF BASIC SERVICES:
Lack of basic services is one of the most frequently mentioned characteristics of
slum definitions worldwide. Lack of access to improved sanitation facilities and
improved water sources is the most important feature, sometimes supplemented
by absence of waste collection systems, electricity supply, surfaced roads
and footpaths, street lighting and rainwater drainage.

❖OVERCROWDING AND HIGH DENSITY:

Overcrowding is associated with a low space per person, high occupancy rates,
cohabitation by different families and a high number of single-room units. Many
CHARACTERITICS OF slum dwelling units are overcrowded, with five and more persons sharing a one-
room unit used for cooking, sleeping and living. Bangkok requires at least 15
SLUMS dwelling units per rai (1600 square metres).

❖UNHEALTHY LIVING CONDITIONS AND HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS:

Unhealthy living conditions are the result of a lack of basic services, with visible,
open sewers, lack of pathways, uncontrolled dumping of waste, polluted
environments, etc. Houses may be built on hazardous locations or land unsuitable
for settlement, such as floodplains, in proximity to industrial plants with toxic
emissions or waste disposal sites, and on areas subject to landslip. The layout of
the settlement may be hazardous because of a lack of access ways and high
densities of dilapidated structures.
 ❖OVERCROWDING AND HIGH DENSITY:

Overcrowding is associated with a low space per person, high occupancy

rates, cohabitation by different families and a high number of single-room
units. Many slum dwelling units are overcrowded, with five and more persons
sharing a one-room unit used for cooking, sleeping and living.

❖UNHEALTHY LIVING CONDITIONS AND HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS:

CHARACTERITICS OF
Unhealthy living conditions are the result of a lack of basic services, with
SLUMS visible, open sewers, lack of pathways, uncontrolled dumping of waste,
polluted environments, etc. Houses may be built on hazardous locations or
land unsuitable for settlement, such as floodplains, in proximity to industrial
plants with toxic emissions or waste disposal sites, and on areas subject to
landslip. The layout of the settlement may be hazardous because of a lack of
access ways and high densities of dilapidated structures
 SLUM DATAS OF INDIA

TOP 5 SLUM STATES

BOTTOM 5 SLUM STATES MAP SHOWING SLUM PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION

 ❖URBANIZATION:

First of all the growth rate of Indian population is very high and this growth rate is much higher in
the urban areas because of the migration of large number of people from rural to urban. Due to
the poverty, unemployment, lack of other amenities and more importantly to elevate their status,
people migrate to urban areas, facilities in the cities are honey trap for the rural.The growth rate of
civic amenities in the urban areas does not keep pace with the growing population. This difference
in the growth rate provides space for the development of the slums.

❖POOR HOUSING PLANNING:

Lack of affordable low cost housing and poor planning by government encourages the supply side
of slums.Insufficient financial resources and lack of coordination in government bureaucracy are
CAUSES OF two main causes of poor housing planning.

SLUMS ❖SLOW DEVELOPMENT OF VILLAGES:

Villages in India are not Developed even on basic requirement level, and even today people face
the scarcity of water, electricity and many more basic amenities. This lack of facilities in rural
areas forces people to migrate to the urban areas, which increases pressure on urban population.
Though this is not much pronounced reason for genesis of slums but it still is one of them.

❖HIGH HOUSE RENTS IN CITIES:

Poor peoples, most of which coming from rural areas, are not able to pay high rent of houses in
the towns. Hence wherever they find a land, public or private, they start living there in temporary
hutments, as the time progress, more and more people joins them and that area soon develops
into the slum.
 1. The major programmes started by the Government of India towards inclusive
city development with focus on slums, including the provision of basic
services and affordable housing to the urban poor, were the
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) – Basic
Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP) & Integrated Housing & Slum
Development Programme (IHSDP) and the 2 schemes entitled Interest
Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor (ISHUP) and Affordable Housing
GOVERNMENT in Partnership.

AND NON 2. Another major scheme by the Government of India for the slum dwellers and
the urban poor (2013-2022) was Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY). This scheme aimed
GOVERNMENT at providing support to States for a multi-pronged approach focusing on:

APPROACHES. Bringing existing slums within the formal system and enabling them to avail of the
same level of basic amenities as the rest of the town;

Redressing the failures of the formal system that lie behind the creation of slums;
and

Tackling the shortages of urban land and housing that keep shelter out of reach of
the urbanpoor.
 1. The Government has launched a new scheme Pradhan Mantri
Awas Yojana- “Housing for All (Urban)” Mission, which will be
implemented during 2015-2022. This Mission will provide central
assistance to implementing agencies through States and UTs for
GOVERNMENT providing houses to all eligible families/beneficiaries by 2022.
AND 2. “In-situ” slum rehabilitation using land as a resource with private
NON GOVERNMENT participation for providing houses to eligible slum dwellers is an
important component of the “Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana –
APPROACHES. Housing for All (Urban)” mission. This approach aims to leverage
the locked potential of land under slums to provide houses to
the eligible slum dwellers bringing them into the formal urban
settlement.
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