SLUM REHABILITATION

N.LAXMI
16181-AA-029
 Design Thesis
SYNOPSIS :
AIM :
Aim Is To Design A Slum Free City, provide them quality of life And Creating An
Income Regenerating Zone.

NEED FOR TOPIC:

 Due To Industries In Cities And
Due The Less Land So Many
Unauthorized Settlements Are
Happening And They Are Lack
Of Primary Facilities .

 For Better Standard Of Living

Condition Of Urban Poor
People In Cities And It
Leads To Slum Free Cities,
Makes Good Environment .

 To Reduce This Unhealthy

Environment , Drainage
Problem And Dangerous
Condition Of Slum.

OBJECTIVE :
To Provide The Requirements Like All Amenities Like Care centre, Schools , markets ,
community Hall , Etc.
The Service Like Water And Drainage Lines And Sanitation And More.
Creating Building With Green Interaction Spaces With Water Bodies
And Amenities
SCOPE :-
 Constructing Low Cost Buildings Using Local Material.
 Providing A Recreational Zones Like Parks And Interaction Space.

LIMITATIONS:-
 Limiting The Design - Zoning , building Details, Material Details ,
layout Of Water, Drainage Lines And Sanitation.
 Not Providing Detail Structural Drawings And Services Drawing.

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LITERATURE STUDIES
 Design Thesis
LITERATURE STUDY
Slum
DEFINITION : /slʌm/

Slums Are A Physical And Spatial Sign Of Urban Poverty.

Individuals Living In Slums Have Next To Zero Access To Administrations,
For Example, Water, Sanitation, And Solid Waste Gathering. 

WHAT IS SLUM?
Un-habitat Defines A Slum Household As A Group Of Individuals Living
Under The Same Roof In An Urban Area Who Lack One Or More Of The
Following:
•Durable Housing Of A Permanent Nature That Protects Against Extreme
Climate Conditions.
•Sufficient Living Space, Which Means Not More Than Three People
Sharing The Same Room.
•Easy Access To Safe Water In Sufficient Amounts At An Affordable Price.
•Access To Adequate Sanitation In The Form Of A Private Or Public Toilet
Shared By A Reasonable Number Of People.
•Security Of Tenure That Prevents Forced Evictions

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LITERATURE STUDY

INTRODUCTION :
Migration Often Results In Formation Of Pockets Of New
Communities At Concentrated Areas Of The Metropolis. An Area Which
Reflects The Commercial Fabric Of Metro Itself. But Ironically, These Are
The Pockets That Stand Most Neglected. This Resulting In The Outgrowth
Of Slums And Squatter Settlements With Substandard Living Conditions.

Due To Increasing Urbanization Of The General Populace, Slums

Became Common In The 18th To Late 20th Centuries In The United States
And Europe. Slums Are Still Predominantly Found In Urban Regions Of
Developing Countries, But Are Also Still Found In Developed Economies.
According To Un Habitat : Population Earth – 7.7 Billion.
33% Live In Slums.
Slums Are Found In Every Country Such As Egypt, Brazil, Vietnam,
Kenya, France, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Mexico, China, America Etc.

Population In India : 133.92 Crores

Population Of India Living In Slums : 64million
Population In Hyderabad : 11.5 Million
Population Of Hyderabad Living In Slums : 1.7millio
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BACKGROUND STUDIES
According To The Planning Commission Of India, 12th Plan, Compare To
Other Developing Countries Urbanization In India Has Occurred More
Slowly. As Per Census 2011, 377 Million Of The Population Live In Urban
Areas. In Cities, Rapid Growth And Employment Will Act As A Powerful
Magnet. The Growth Rate Of Population As Per Census 2011 Is 31.8%. In
India, Rapid Urbanization Poses An Unprecedented Managerial And Policy
Challenges But Still No Attention Is Given To It. With An Increment Of
Urban Population And Income, The Demand Of Basic Services Such As
Water, Transportation, Sewage Treatment, Low-income Housing Also
Increases. Some Indian Cities Have 2030 Master Plans Which Include Peak
Transportation Loads, Requirements For Low-income Affordable Housing
And Climate Change. Several Areas Like Urban Governance, Funding,
Planning, Capacity Building And Low-income Housing Should Be Properly
Managed To Manage The Urbanization Of India. The Poor And Lower
Income Group Must Be In The Mainstream In The Cities

The Proper Regulations Should Be There To Manage The

Densities And Discourage The Migration. The Sources Of Funding For
Indian Cities Are Monetizing Land Assets, Higher Collection Of Property
Taxes, User Charges That Reflect Costs, Debt And Public-private
Partnerships And Central Or State Government Funding. Schemes Of Central
Government Such As JNNURM And Rajiv Awas Yojana Are Also There For
Urban Poor.

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SNAPSHOT OF INDIAN SLUMS :
The 2011 census presented the first quantitative picture of assets
and amenities in informal housing units, which had until then been
undocumented. This data presents important information about social,
financial, and political attributes of slum blocks and of individual slum
households. This context will be helpful in understanding the needs of slum
households and the high levels of density in such areas.
The census estimates the number of slum blocks in the country
to be 110,000. While the number of households in each of these slum blocks
varies between 86,000 households in Dharavi5, to 1,300 households in
Nochikuppam Chennai6, the level of public services in these areas remain
visibly poor everywhere. There are several reasons for such low level of
services, including a low tax base of urban local bodies, poverty debt traps,
and a lack of informed voting.

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2. SLUMS IN INDIA: The United Nations Human Settlements Program

(Un-habitat) Defines A Slum As “A Place Of Residence Lacking One Or
More Of The Following: Durable Housing, Sufficient Living Area, Access To
Improved Water, Access To Sanitation, And Secure Tenure”. Although
India’s Economy Is The Fastest Growing With The GDP Rate Of 9.2% Per
Annum And Ranks Third Amongst Nation Regarding PPP, It Is Still A Poor
Country. A Large Proportion Of India’s Population Is Still Poor And Live In
Slums Due To A Number Of Factors Including:

1. Family Poverty And A Little Education .

2. Regional Inequities And Urbanization
3. Migration
4. A Low-wage Economy And Unemployment
5. Housing Shortage Slums Typically Begin At The Outskirts Of A City.

Located On Least Desirable Public Lands Or Lands With No Clear Land

Title. Over Time, The City May Expand Past The Original Slums, Enclosing
The Slums Inside The Urban Perimeter. This Makes The Original Slums
Valuable Property, Densely Populated With Many Conveniences Attractive To
The Urban Poor. Slum Is Also A Place Where A Lot Of Wealth Is Generated.
Slum Dwellers Afford A Lot Of Modern Day Equipments For Their Daily
Life And It Is Possible Only Because Of Their Low Cost Living Conditions
In The Slums (Bakshi, 2013

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TYPES OF SLUMS :

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CATEGORIZATION OF SLUMS BASED ON TENABILITY
ANALYSIS
 TENABLE SLUM :
Means All Slums Which Are Not On Hazardous Location
Suitable For Human Habitation And The Land Is Not Earmarked For Any
Major Public Facilities .
o To Evolve Detailed Development Strategies, All Prioritized Tenable
Slums To Be Analyzed Against Criteria Such As:
1. Land Value And Land Ownership
2. Tenure Status And Dwelling Unit Density
 UNTENABLE SLUM :
Untenable Slums Are Those Slums Which Are On Environmentally
Hazardous Sites Ecologically Sensitive Site And On Land Marked For
Public Utilities And Services.
o The Resettlement Strategies All Prioritized Untenable Slums Need To
Be Analyzed Against Criteria Such As:
1. Land Ownership And Land Availability
2. Location In Relation To Existing Employment And Services
3. Access To Transport Nodes And Routes

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FORMATION OF URBAN SLUM:

FORMULATION OF DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS :

I
N

S
I
T
U

RE
L
O
C
A
T
I
O
N
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EVOLUTION OF NATIONAL SCHEMES IN INDIA OVER

TIME :

 National Slum Development Programme (NSDP) : 1996

The 1996 slum upgradation initiative, National Slum Development

Programme (NSDP), started with the aim to upgrade 47,124 slums
throughout India. It identified a target slum in each city which it planned to
develop as a “model” slum. In this scheme, improvements in physical
amenities - such as water supply, storm water drains, community baths and
latrines, wider paved lanes, sewers, streetlights, etc. - are provided to the
entire slum community.
 Basic Services to Urban Poor (BSUP) :

BSUP was started as a part of larger scheme called JNNURM, a large

scale urban renewal program for urban India. BSUP aimed to provide
basic services to urban poor in 63 of the largest cities in India by
population. While the original intent of this program was to provide
security of tenure at affordable prices and improved housing, water
supply, and sanitation, it ultimately became a housing construction
program subsidized and implemented by the government
 Housing for All:
In June 2015, the Cabinet of India approved the Housing for All
scheme, with the goal to provide housing to every Indian household by
2022. It plans to include 300 major cities in India in its first two phases by
2019. After 2019, it plans to extend this scheme to remaining cities in India.
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 FOUR MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE HOUSING FOR ALL
POLICY :

• Slum Rehabilitation Will Use Land As A Resource To Involve Private

Developers
• Public-private Partnerships To Create Affordable Housing.
• Affordable Housing Through The Credit Linked Interest Subsidy
• Beneficiary-led Individual House Construction Or Enhancement.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HOUSING FOR ALL AND

SLUM REHABILITATION SCHEME :

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 POLICIES & SCHEMES FOR SLUMS :

1. Slum Rehabilitation Schemes (Srs) Across

2. Ahmadabad: Role Of An External Agency.
3. Environmental Improvement Of Urban Slums (Eius) And Slum
Improvement Programme (Sip) .
4. Urban Basic Services For Poor (UBSP)
5. The Low Cost Sanitation (LCS) Programme,
6. The Slum Networking Programme (SNP)3
7. The Sites And Services (S&S) Schemes
8. Slum Up Gradation Programme (SUP)
9. Basic Services For The Urban Poor (BSUP) And The Integrated
Housing And Slum Development Programme (IHSDP)
10. Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY)
11. The National Slum Development Programme(nsdp)
12. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
13. Slum Areas (Improvement And Clearance) Act, 1956 .

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MAJOR SCHEMES : BASIC FOCUS
Since independence, the schemes and programs launched by the
government in the field of slum improvement can be depicted as follows :
PROGRAMMES COMPONENTS FUNDING AND MODE OF
EXECUTING AGENCIES FINANCE
1. Central Sector

a) Basic Services i) Water Supply i)Central

i) Environmental ii) Sanitation Government, Grant
Improvement of ii) State Government
Urban Slums
ii) Urban Basic i) Water Supply i) Central
Services ii) Sanitation Government Grant-cum-loan
iii) Health ii) State Government
iv) Education iii)UNICEF

iii)Urban Community i) Water Supply i) Central

Development ii) Sanitation Government,
iii) Health ii) State Government Grant-cum-loan
iv) Education iii) Local Authority
v) Shelter iv) Overseas
vi) Employment Development
Organizations
iv) Special Schemes i) Water Supply i) Central
ii) Sanitation Government

b) Integrated i) Water Supply i) Central

Development of ii) Sanitation Government
Small and Medium iii) Shelter ii) State Government
Towns iv)industrial
Development
v)Commercial
Development

II. Outside Central

Sector
c) Low-Cost
Sanitation i) Sanitation
d) Shelter-Cum Basic
Services
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COMPARISON AMONG VAMBAY, JNNURM AND

MUKHYA MANTRI GRUH YOJANA :

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SLUM RE-DEVELOPMENT MAINLY BASED ON
INFRSTRUCTURE :

 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE :
a) Water Supply .
b) Drainage .
c) Sewerage And Sanitation
d) Solid Waste Management .
e) Access Road.
f) Electricity.

 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE :
a) Community
b) Bal wadi / School
c) Market / Shopping
d) Play Area / Park

 HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE :

Dwelling Unit Should Be A Mix Of EWS/LIG/MIG Categories With The

Maximum Size Of A Dwelling Unit Being At 1200 Square Feet Area,

 With At Least 25% - EWS-300 Square Feet Carpet Area,

 The Minimum Carpet Area For EWS Category Shall Be 25 Sq. Mts.
 LIG Category House Would Be Limited To A Maximum Of 48 Sq. MT's
 The Sale Price Of Dwelling Units Should Have An Upper Ceiling In
Terms Of Rupees Per Sq. MT's Of Carpet Area. The Price Ceiling Would
Be Settled In Consultation With The States/ UT's For Different
Classes Of Cities.

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CONTENTS OF A REHABILITATION SCHEME :

The rehabilitation scheme shall contain the following:

o Proposals for the dwelling units to accommodate the beneficiaries on
the same plot or on plots that are clubbed or bundled.
o Water supply, drainage, power supply to an individual dwelling units.
o Provision for every 500 dwelling units .
• Five room schools of minimum total area 100 sq. mt
• One community center of minimum area 50 sq. mt
• One Anganwadi or health post of minimum area 50 sq. mt
o Provided that in case the dwelling unit less than 500, the facility for
the community center, school, Anganwadi or health post shall have to
be provided as decided by the slum rehabilitation committee.
o May contain the following proposal for the construction of building for
commercial or residential or any other purpose, which the scheme
developer may sale or disposal or rent or lease.

In this policy duties of the scheme developer, procedure for securing the
permission and grant or refusal of the permission are also discussed.

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 Design Thesis

PLANNING REGULATIONS FOR REHABILITATION

SCHEME

o The scheme developer for the purpose of the rehabilitation

scheme shall have to plan and design to fulfil the following
requirements:
a) The minimum height of the plinth shall be 45 cm. from the
top surface of approach road or pathway.
b) The built-up area of any dwelling unit shall be minimum 36
Sq. mt. Excluding common areas.
c) The dwelling unit shall at least include two rooms, kitchen
and a bath, a water closet excluding, common areas, such as
stairs passages, etc.
d) Permissible built-up area, for the purpose of the
rehabilitation scheme under these Regulations, shall mean
the area covering the ground, after leaving margins.
e) Floor Space Index (FSI)
f) For the purpose of these regulations, the floor space shall be
computed as under:
o The F.S.I. Permitted under GDCR for the remaining plot shall be on
the basis of Gross Building unit/Plot area
o The FSI shall be granted as under:

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 FSI shall be computed for the total area of the clubbed plots.
 Clubbing of plots shall be allowed for rehabilitation of slum and
also for other use
 Additional FSI shall be available to the developer equivalent to the
area used for slum rehabilitation.
 Within the clubbed plots, transfer of FSI from one plot to the other
shall be permitted proportionate to the Jantri value of respective
plots

g) Margins for the purpose of these regulations shall be applicable as under:

h) Rehabilitation scheme shall be permitted on 9.0 mt and more wide

roads.

i) Shops having maximum size of 25 sq. mt have to provide on the

ground floor up to maximum 25% of the ground coverage. The scheme
developer may dispose of them by allotting it to the occupants of shops in
the SP or otherwise
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DATA
COLLECTION
 Design Thesis
DATA
COLLECTION
 ROOM STANDARDS :

 Possible Density Options For Situ Redevelopment Through

Group Housing In Larger Cities ( population more than 1
million)

 6mt Setback To Be Provided In The Plot

 Margins for the purpose of these regulations shall be applicable as
under:

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DATA
COLLECTION

Kitchen :

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DATA
COLLECTION
ROAD :
Score 1: 60% or more of the in-slum roads have a min of 3M width.
Score 2: less than 60% of the in-slum roads are of 3M width.
the consideration of high and low level of infrastructure
Status is based on a total score as stipulated above. The total score
Would be between min of 5 to a max of 10M . The following total
Score is considered :
 total score of less or equal to 7 : high level of infrastructure ( code 1 ).
 total score of greater than 7 : low level of infrastructure ( code 2 ) .

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DATA
COLLECTION

 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTRE :

PHC building location should be centrally located in an easily
Accessible area. Indian public health standards ( IPHS ) GUIDELINES
For primary health centres 13 the plinth area would vary 375 to 450
Sq meters.
entrance with barrier free access environment for easy
Access to no ambulant (wheel chair, stretcher), semi-ambulant,
Visually disable and elderly persons as per guidelines of GOI. Ramp
As per specification, hand-railing, and proper lighting etc. must be
Provided in all health facilities and retrofitted in older one which
Lack the same. The doorway leading to the entrance should also
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DATA
COLLECTION
Have a ramp facilitating easy access for old and physically
challenged Patient.

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 DESKTOP
STUDIES

ARANYA LOW COST HOUSING

( NATIONAL EXAMPLE )
 Design Thesis

DESKTOP
LOCATION :

• Location : 6km from the center of Indore city, M.P.

• Principal Architect : Balkrishna Doshi
• Total Built-up Area : 100,000 m2
• Project Cost : Rs. 100 Million
• Year of completion : 1989
• Award : Aga Khan award for Architecture in 1996

PRE-DESIGN STAGE ANALYSIS

• To improve and upgrade the existing SLUM AREA .

• To provide serviced sites for new housing developments instead of
building complete houses.
• To provide for 6,500 residential plots ranging in size from 35m2 for
EWS to 475m2 for high income groups
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OBJECTIVES :
• Create a township with a sense of continuity and fundamental values of
security in a good living environment.
• Achieve a community character by establishing harmony between the
built environment and the people.
• Create a balanced community of various socio-economic groups to
evolve a framework through design.

PLANNING & APPROACH :

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DESIGN :
•Aranya had demonstrated an innovative approach to integrated
development creating holistic. environment rooted in socio-cultural and
economic of the place to the way of the urban poor.
• Site measuring 86hectares is designed on idea of the site and services
basics, to accommodate over 6500 families, largely from the economically
weaker sections.
• The formal street network draws the vehicular traffic outward to the
perimeter road while pedestrian traffic on informal pathways and open
space network.
• The hierarchy of commercial activities coincides with street hierarchy.
• Topography of the site was important determinant in planning roads and
other service networks to maximize use of gravity flow and minimize cut
and fill of the land.
• Dwelling are oriented North-South and arranged as row houses so that
minimum of incident solar radiation will be absorbed by the walls.
• Mass housing where end user is anonymous it is a challenge to offer
choices of form through flexibility of the design.
•At Aranya variations in entrances, staircases, verandah, balconies, and
fenestration, within the standardized layout, help each house gain a unique
character.
• These variations not only enrich street façade but also help users express
their identity.

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• Essentially LOW RISE HIGH DENSITY development the built form

echoes the traditional fabric with the continuity of built edge, shared walls,
favorable micro climate and culturally appropriate settings

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DESKTOP
STUDIES
KALABURAGI CITY,
KARNATAKA, INDIA
 Design Thesis

LOCATION :

Location : kalaburagi , Karnataka , India .

• Total Built-up Area : 64.00 km2
• Project Cost : Rs.453 Cr

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 OVERALL METHODOLOGY :

 IDENTIFIABLE SLUM CHARACTERISTICS FROM

HIGH RESOLUTION DATA.

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 DEVELOPMENT OF CA MODEL.

  SDSS FOR SLUM DEVELOPMENT.

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 SLUM MAP OF KALABURAGI CITY.

 DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSING SHORTAGE AMONG

ECONOMIC CATEGORY.

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 SLUM MAP OF KALABURAGI CITY :

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 RESULT OF NEIGHBOURHOOD ANALYSIS AND

WEIGHTED OVERLAY.

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 3D SCENARIOS WITH VARIOUS HOUSING

STRUCTURE GENERATED IN COMMUNITYVIZ.

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 AFFORDABLE SITES FOR FUTURE PLANNING :

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