Equivalent circuit parameters

• Determination of stator resistance r1 and leakage

reactance x1
• Determination rotor resistance 2 and leakage
r '

reactance x2' referred to stator side.

• Determination of magnetizing reactance X m and
resistance Rc representing core loss + friction and
windage loss.
1. Voltmeter-ammeter test ( r1 )
' '
2. Block rotor test ( 2 , x1 and x2 )
r
3. No-load test ( Rc and X m )
 Why dc resistance?
• Due to skin effect resistance increases at
higher frequency current (ac).
• At dc supply no skin effect.
• Ac resistance can be measured by R  IP not
ac 2

by R  VI . This method is applicable for line.

ac

• But for machine power P measured by

wattmeter include core loss also.
• So we have to measure dc resistance of the
machine first using V-I method and get
Rac  1.2 Rdc
Measurement of dc resistance
 Block Rotor Test

• Rotor is blocked using belt-pulley arrangement.

• Stator supply voltage is increased gradually such that rated
current flows through the stator.
• Voltage is much less than the rated voltage so, flux is very less
and core loss is also negligible in stator and rotor. Hence, the
parallel branch in the equivalent circuit can be neglected.
• Slip s  1
Block rotor test calculation
Vsc and I sc are per phase voltage
and current Psc is 3-phase power
r2' r2' (1  s )
s  1,  r2 and
'
0
s s
V
Psc  W1  W2 , Z sc  sc
I sc
Psc / 3
Rsc  X sc  Z sc2  Rsc2
I sc2

• If r1 is already measured
Rsc
r  Rsc  r1 or r1  r 
2
'
2
'

2
X sc
x1  x2' 
2
 No load test

• Rotor is free to rotate.

• Rated supply voltage is given at stator.

r (1  s)
'
• Slip s  0, 2
   open circuit
s
No load Phasor diagram
At no load rotor current =0 so I 2' =0
no load power factor angle  o  90o
Phase difference between E1 and V1
is negligible
Block rotor test calculation
Vo =V1 and I o are per phase voltage
and current Po is 3-phase power
Po / 3
Po  W1  W2 cos o 
V0 I o

P0 / 3  I o2 r1
I c  I fw 
E1
Where
E1  Vo  I o r1 cos o  I o x1 sin  0
Problem-1