EM-ANN MODELS FOR DESIGN OF CPW PATCH ANTENNAS

**P.M. Watson and 'K.C. Gupta

* Center for Advanced Manufacturing and Packaging of Microwave,

Optical. and Digital Electronics (CAMPmode)
Unvierbity of Colorado at Boulder
Boulder, CO 80309

' WUAADM
Avionics Directorate
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH

-
Abstract EM-ANN models have been developed for design of a CPW patch antenna fed at the
radiating edge. A wide-band sample design has been carried out at 5.5 GHz. Experimental results
reported validate the procedure developed.

1. lntroductlon

This paper explores the use of radiating elements using open-ended coplanar waveguide
(CPW) resonators to provide an alternative for printed slot antennas and microstrip patch antennas.
Motivation for exploring these antenna structures arises from the ease of connecting CPW
resonators to CPW lines, which have received much attention due to several advantages of CPW
lines over microstrips. Further investigation of these radiating structures requires development of
simple network models (like the transmission line model for microstrip patch antennas) which
may be used for designing these antennas. However, unlike in the case for microstrip antennas. no
work is available in the literature on wide strip CPW lines or open-end discontinuities and their
radiating properties. Therefore, the focus of this paper is on the development of accurate and
efficient electromagnetically-trained artificial neural network (EM-ANN) models for wide strip
CPW lines, CPW open-end discontinuities (including radiation conductance modeling). and feed
discontinuities used for connecting CPW resonators to CPW lines. These models are then used
within commercial microwave simulators for CPW patch antenna design. The methodology used
for developing accurate and efficient EM-ANN models has been discussed in [I ].

11. Transmisslon Line Equivalent of a Reclangular CPW Patch

2.1 Transmission Line Model for CPW Antennas

Transmission line models for microstrip patch antennas have been studied extensively [2]. In
the same manner, a transmission line model for CPW antenna design can be developed. Figure 1
shows the antenna structure with a feed on tbe radiating edge and an equivalent transmission line
model. The uansmirsion line model consists of an open-end, P length of CPW tronsmission line,
and a feed junction. The patch (CPW line) is represented by a uniform length of transmission line
of characteristic impedance Z,and phase velocity up(or propagation constant, p=oJu,). For this
model, the assumption is that the line is operating in the TEM CPW mode and is lossless. The
fringing fields associated with the open-end are represented by lumped admittances. consisting of
a radiation conductance. G,. and an edge capacitance. C. The feed junction is represented by an S
matrix, which includes open-end and other associated parasitic effects.

2.2 EM-ANN Model for CPW Transmission Line

An EM-ANN model for wide conductor CPW transmission lines on Duroid 5880 (E, = 2.2
and Hruh= 31.25 mil) has been developed for use in C band antenna (4 GHz to 7 GHz) design.
Model input variables and corresponding ranges are given in Table I . W is the width of the CPW
central strip and G is the ground plane spacing on either side. Outputs of this ANN model are Z,

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 and 0 for the CPW line. EM simulations were performed, using HP Momentum 131, to provide the
model training and verification data. Residual error results for the training and verification
datasets are given in Table 2.

Fig. I CPW patch fed on the radiating edge and its corresponding transmission line model

lnout Parameter Minimum Value Maximum Value

Frequencv 4 GHz 7 GHz
W 0.5 em 2.0 cm
G 0.05 cm 0.2 cm

Table 2 Error results (average and standard deviation) for the CPW line model

1 ;6(W I P(raum)
Traidtest I
Average error 0.147
Standard dev. 0.075 0.I50
Verification
Average error 0.145 0.138
Standard dev. 0.126

2.3 EM-ANN Model for CPW Open-End Effects

An EM-ANN model for CPW open-end effects, including radiation conductance, has been
developed. Substrate parameters are the same as those for the CPW transmission line model.
Variable input parameters and their corresponding ranges are given in Table I. For this model. the
open-end spacing, cicnd.i s SCI equal io 0.5(W+zG). E M - A N N modcl outputs are thc msgnitude
and phase of S t , . This choice of output parameters allows easier insertion of the model into
commerci'al microwave simulators. Residual enor values are given in Table 3. We note that an
excellent accuracy has been achieved.

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 Table 3 Error values (average and standard deviation) for the CPW open-end model
7

"
I Standard de". I 0.0037 I 0.623 I
2.4 EM-ANN Model for Feed Discontinuities
Variable input parameters for the model are given in Table I . The incoming feed line has lo
he kept narrow in width in order to minimize interference with radiation from the radiating edge,
but has to be wide enough to be realizable using available fabrication facilities. Therefore, the
incoming line has been chosen to have W = 0.1 cm, G = 0.05 cm. and Z. 96 n. The output
parameters for this model are the magnitudes and phases of SI,,SZI.and S12. Residual error results
are given in Table 4. As with the other models, an excellent accuracy is obtained.

Table 4 Error resuks (average and standard deviation) for the CPW feed discontinuity model.

I~IA L S , , (9 w LS2I (") IS221 LS 2 1 ( " )

Traidtest
Average ermr 0.0034 0.596 0.0032 0.654 0.0035 0.824
Standard dev. 0.0032 0.62 I 0.0029 0.529 0.0028 0.921
Verification
0.794 1.215
Standard dev. 0.W41 0.761 0.0039 0.550 0.0034 1.225

111. CPW Patch Antenna Design Optimization Using EM-ANN Models

A CPW patch antenna has been designed, fabricated. and measured with an optimized patch
length in order to increase lhe bandwidlh. Design and optimization was carried out using HP-
MDS 141. The layout of the antenna. designed using EM-ANN models, is shown in Fig. 2. A
wide bandwidth (lSl,l -10 dB) has been achieved for this antenna as seen in Table 5 and in Fig.
3. Also. the EM simulated and measured E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns are shown in Fig.
4. Only the top-side radiation pattern is shown. Radiation from the bottom side is comparable.
The modeling using EM-ANN models compares well with EM simulation and measurement,
validating the approach.
w-04m

H
O I cm
k-4
O l e m

Fig 2 Layout for CPW patch antenna with optimized patch length. All dimensions are in cm.
Electrical parameters referenced IO the resonant frequency of 5.56 GHz.

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 Table 5 Comparison of resonant frequency and bandwidth for EM-ANN modeling. EM
simulation. and meawremcnt. CPW patch antenna with optimized patch length.

1 EM-ANN I EM simulation I Measured

Center Frequency 5.56 GHz 5.54 GHz I 5.49 GHz
I I

I:
%Bandwidth 14.03 % 11.69 9% 14.5 W

I 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.

0

-10

-20

-30
1
a -40

-50
Frequency (GHz)

Fig. 3 Comparison of return loss for the optimized patch length CPW antenna

-100 -50 0 50 lo[

Fig. 4 Far field radiation patterns. measured and EM simulation. (a) E-plane (@= 0”). Only
E-theta is shown due to antenna damage during mearurement. (h) H-plane (0 -90”).

Reterences

[I) P.M. Watson and K.C.Cupta, “EM-ANN Models for Microstrip Vias and Interconnects in
Multilayer Circuits.” IEEE Trunr. on Mic-mmavr nteory und Tech., Vol. 44, No. 12. Dec.
1996. pp. 2495-2503.
(21 K.C.Guptn and A . Bennlls. M & r , 1 . s r 4 p Antenna I L w x n . IRepr;nt Volume). Adech I l o U W
Inc.. Dedham, MA, 1988.
131 HP-Mumenrum. ver. A.02.51. Hewlett-Packard Co.. Santa Rosa. CA.. 1996.
141 NP-MDS, ver. 7.00.00,Hewletl-Packard Co., Santa Rosa. CA., 1996.

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