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D N D D N N PD Ans C Ans: Shigley's MED, 10 Edition Chapter 13 Solutions, Page 1/36
D N D D N N PD Ans C Ans: Shigley's MED, 10 Edition Chapter 13 Solutions, Page 1/36
13-1 d P = 17 / 8 = 2.125 in
N 1120
dG = 2 d P = ( 2.125) = 4.375 in
N3 544
NG = PdG = 8 ( 4.375) = 35 teeth Ans.
C = ( 2.125 + 4.375) / 2 = 3.25 in Ans.
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13-5
1/2
14 / 6 2 32 / 6 2
(a) AO = + = 2.910 in Ans.
2 2
(b)
γ = tan −1 (14 / 32 ) = 23.63o Ans.
Γ = tan −1
( 32 /14 ) = 66.37 o
Ans.
(c)
d P = 14 / 6 = 2.333 in Ans.
dG = 32 / 6 = 5.333 in Ans.
13-6
(a) pn = π / Pn = π / 4 = 0.7854 in
pt = pn / cosψ = 0.7854 / cos 30o = 0.9069 in
p x = pt / tanψ = 0.9069 / tan 30o = 1.571 in
(b) Eq. (13-7): pnb = pn cos φn = 0.7854 cos 25o = 0.7380 in Ans.
13-7
NP =
2k
(1 + 2m ) sin 2 φ (
m + m 2 + (1 + 2m ) sin 2 φ )
=
2 (1)
1 + 2 ( 2 ) sin ( 20 )
2 o{( 2) + ( 2)
2
( )} = 14.16 teeth
+ 1 + 2 ( 2 ) sin 2 20o
NP = 15 teeth Ans.
(b) Repeating (a) with m = 3, NP = 14.98 teeth. Rounding up, NP = 15 teeth. Ans.
(c) Repeating (a) with m = 4, NP = 15.44 teeth. Rounding up, NP = 16 teeth. Ans.
(d) Repeating (a) with m = 5, NP = 15.74 teeth. Rounding up, NP = 16 teeth. Ans.
Alternatively, a useful table can be generated to determine the largest gear that can mesh
with a specified pinion, and thus also the maximum gear ratio with a specified pinion.
The Max NG column was generated using Eq. (13-12) with k = 1, φ = 20º, and rounding
up to the next integer.
With this table, we can readily see that gear ratios up to 3 can be obtained with a
minimum NP of 15 teeth, and gear ratios up to 6.31 can be obtained with a minimum NP
of 16 teeth. This is consistent with the results previously obtained.
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For convenient reference, we will also generate the table from Eq. (13-12) for φ = 25º.
13-10 (a) The smallest pinion tooth count that will run with itself is found from Eq. (13-10).
NP ≥
2k
3sin φ
2 (
1 + 1 + 3sin 2 φ )
2 (1)
≥ 2
3sin 20
(1 +
o
1 + 3sin 2 20o )
≥ 12.32 → 13 teeth Ans.
(b) The smallest pinion that will mesh with a gear ratio of mG = 2.5, from Eq. (13-11) is
NP ≥
2k
(1 + 2m ) sin φ
2 (
m + m 2 + (1 + 2m ) sin 2 φ )
2 (1)
≥
1 + 2 ( 2.5 ) sin 20
2 {2.5 +
o
2.52 + 1 + 2 ( 2.5 ) sin 2 20o }
≥ 14.64 → 15 teeth Ans.
The largest gear-tooth count possible to mesh with this pinion, from Eq. (13-12) is
N P2 sin 2 φ − 4k 2
NG ≤
4k − 2 N P sin 2 φ
152 sin 2 20o − 4 (1)
2
≤
4 (1) − 2 (15 ) sin 2 20o
≤ 45.49 → 45 teeth Ans.
(c) The smallest pinion that will mesh with a rack, from Eq. (13-13),
NP ≥
2k cosψ
3sin φt
2 (
1 + 1 + 3sin 2 φt )
2 (1) cos 30o
≥ 2
3sin 22.80
(1 +o
1 + 3sin 2 22.80o )
≥ 8.48 → 9 teeth Ans.
(b) The smallest pinion that will mesh with a gear ratio of m = 2.5, from Eq. (13-22) is
2 (1) cos 30o
NP ≥
1 + 2 ( 2.5 ) sin 2 22.80o
{
2.5 + 2.52 + 1 + 2 ( 2.5 ) sin 2 22.80o }
≥ 9.95 → 10 teeth Ans.
The largest gear-tooth count possible to mesh with this pinion, from Eq. (13-23) is
N P2 sin 2 φt − 4k 2 cos 2 ψ
NG ≤
4k cosψ − 2 N P sin 2 φt
102 sin 2 22.80o − 4 (1) cos 2 30o
≤
4 (1) cos 2 30o − 2 ( 20 ) sin 2 22.80o
≤ 26.08 → 26 teeth Ans.
(c) The smallest pinion that will mesh with a rack, from Eq. (13-24) is
NP ≥ =
sin 2 φt sin 2 22.80o
≥ 11.53 → 12 teeth Ans.
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tan φn −1 tan 20
o
13-12 From Eq. (13-19), φt = tan −1 = tan o
= 22.796o
cosψ cos 30
Note that the given diametral pitch (tooth size) is not relevant to the interference problem.
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tan φn −1 tan 20
o
13-13 From Eq. (13-19), φt = tan −1
= tan o
= 27.236o
cosψ cos 45
Program Eq. (13-23) on a computer using a spreadsheet or code, and increment NP. The
first value of NP that can be doubled is NP = 6 teeth, where NG ≤ 17.6 teeth. So NG = 12
teeth will work. Higher tooth counts will work also, for example 7:14, 8:16, etc.
13-14 The smallest pinion that will operate with a rack without interference is given by Eq. (13-
13).
2k
NP =
sin 2 φ
2k 2 (1)
φ = sin −1
= sin −1 = 28.126o Ans.
NP 9
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13-15
12 16
(b) nc = n5 = ( 700 ) = +77.78 rev/min ccw Ans.
48 36
(c) ( )
d P 2 = 12 / 12 cos 30o = 1.155 in
dG 3 = 48 / (12 cos 30 ) = 4.619 in
o
1.155 + 4.619
Cab = = 2.887 in Ans.
2
dP4 = 16 / ( 8 cos 25o ) = 2.207 in
( )
d G 5 = 36 / 8 cos 25o = 4.965 in
Cbc = 3.586 in Ans.
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20 8 20 4
13-17 e=
=
40 17 60 51
4
nd = ( 600 ) = 47.06 rev/min cw Ans.
51
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6 18 20 3 3
13-18 e=
=
10 38 48 36 304
3
n9 = (1200 ) = 11.84 rev/min cw Ans.
304
______________________________________________________________________________
( )
d G = 40 / 8 cos 23o = 5.432 in
d P + dG
= 3.531 in Ans.
2
N 32
(c) d== = 8 in Ans.
P 4
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13-20 Applying Eq. (13-30), e = (N2 / N3) (N4 / N5) = 45. For an exact ratio, we will choose to
factor the train value into integers, such that
N2 / N3 = 9 (1)
N4 / N5 = 5 (2)
Assuming a constant diametral pitch in both stages, the geometry condition to satisfy the
in-line requirement of the compound reverted configuration is
N2 + N3 = N4 + N5 (3)
With three equations and four unknowns, one free choice is available. It is necessary that
all of the unknowns be integers. We will use a normalized approach to find the minimum
free choice to guarantee integers; that is, set the smallest gear of the largest stage to unity,
thus N3 = 1. From (1), N2 = 9. From (3),
N2 + N3 = 9 + 1 = 10 = N4 + N5
10 = 5 N5 + N5 = 6 N5
N5 = 10 / 6 = 5 / 3
To eliminate this fraction, we need to multiply the original free choice by a multiple of 3.
In addition, the smallest gear needs to have sufficient teeth to avoid interference. From
Eq. (13-11) with k = 1, φ = 20°, and m = 9, the minimum number of teeth on the pinion to
avoid interference is 17. Therefore, the smallest multiple of 3 greater than 17 is 18.
Setting N3 = 18 and repeating the solution of equations (1), (2), and (3) yields
13-21 The solution to Prob. 13-20 applies up to the point of determining the minimum number
of teeth to avoid interference. From Eq. (13-11), with k = 1, φ = 25°, and m = 9, the
minimum number of teeth on the pinion to avoid interference is 11. Therefore, the
smallest multiple of 3 greater than 11 is 12. Setting N3 = 12 and repeating the solution of
equations (1), (2), and (3) of Prob. 13-20 yields
N2 = 108 teeth
N3 = 12 teeth
N4 = 100 teeth
N5 = 20 teeth Ans.
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13-22 Applying Eq. (13-30), e = (N2 / N3) (N4 / N5) = 30. For an exact ratio, we will choose to
factor the train value into integers, such that
N2 / N3 = 6 (1)
N4 / N5 = 5 (2)
Assuming a constant diametral pitch in both stages, the geometry condition to satisfy the
in-line requirement of the compound reverted configuration is
N2 + N3 = N4 + N5 (3)
With three equations and four unknowns, one free choice is available. It is necessary that
all of the unknowns be integers. We will use a normalized approach to find the minimum
free choice to guarantee integers; that is, set the smallest gear of the largest stage to unity,
thus N3 = 1. From (1), N2 = 6. From (3),
N2 + N3 = 6 + 1 = 7 = N4 + N5
7 = 5 N5 + N5 = 6 N5
N5 = 7 / 6
To eliminate this fraction, we need to multiply the original free choice by a multiple of 6.
In addition, the smallest gear needs to have sufficient teeth to avoid interference. From
Eq. (13-11) with k = 1, φ = 20°, and m = 6, the minimum number of teeth on the pinion to
avoid interference is 16. Therefore, the smallest multiple of 6 greater than 16 is 18.
Setting N3 = 18 and repeating the solution of equations (1), (2), and (3) yields
13-23 Applying Eq. (13-30), e = (N2 / N3) (N4 / N5) = 45. For an approximate ratio, we will
choose to factor the train value into two equal stages, such that
N 2 / N3 = N 4 / N5 = 45
If we choose identical pinions such that interference is avoided, both stages will be
identical and the in-line geometry condition will automatically be satisfied. From Eq.
(13-11) with k = 1, φ = 20°, and m = 45 , the minimum number of teeth on the pinions
to avoid interference is 17. Setting N3 = N5 = 17, we get
N 2 = N 4 = 17 45 = 114.04 teeth
N2 = N4 = 114 teeth
N3 = N5 = 17 teeth Ans.
Checking, the overall train value is e = (114 / 17) (114 / 17) = 44.97.
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ωo 300 1 N N
= = = 2 4
ωi 2500 8.333 N 3 N 5
N2 N4 1 1
Let = = =
N3 N5 8.333 2.887
From Eq. (13-11) with k = 1, φ = 20°, and m = 2.887, the minimum number of teeth on
the pinions to avoid interference is 15.
Let N2 = N4 = 15 teeth
N3 = N5 = 2.887(15) = 43.31 teeth
Try N3 = N5 = 43 teeth.
15 15
ωo = ( 2500 ) = 290.55 rev/min
44 44
13-25 (a) The planet gears act as keys and the wheel speeds are the same as that of the ring
gear. Thus,
nA = n3 = 900 (16 / 48 ) = 300 rev/min Ans.
(b) nF = n5 = 0, nL = n6 , e = −1
n − 300
−1 = 6
0 − 300
300 = n6 − 300
n6 = 600 rev/min Ans.
(c) The wheel spins freely on icy surfaces, leaving no traction for the other wheel.
The car is stalled. Ans.
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13-26 (a) The motive power is divided equally among four wheels instead of two.
(b) Locking the center differential causes 50 percent of the power to be applied to the
rear wheels and 50 percent to the front wheels. If one of the rear wheels rests on a
slippery surface such as ice, the other rear wheel has no traction. But the front wheels
still provide traction, and so you have two-wheel drive. However, if the rear
differential is locked, you have 3-wheel drive because the rear-wheel power is now
distributed 50-50.
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13-27 Let gear 2 be first, then nF = n2 = 0. Let gear 6 be last, then nL = n6 = –12 rev/min.
20 16 16 nL − nA
e= = =
30 34 51 nF − nA
16
( 0 − n A ) = −12 − nA
51
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13-28 Let gear 2 be first, then nF = n2 = 0 rev/min. Let gear 6 be last, then nL = n6 = 85 rev/min.
20 16 16 nL − nA
e= = =
30 34 51 nF − nA
16
( 0 − n A ) = ( 85 − nA )
51
16
− nA + nA = 85
51
16
nA 1 − = 85
51
85
nA = = 123.9 rev/min
16
1−
51
The positive sign indicates the same direction as n6. ∴ nA = 123.9 rev/min ccw Ans.
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13-29 The geometry condition is d5 / 2 = d 2 / 2 + d3 + d 4 . Since all the gears are meshed, they
will all have the same diametral pitch. Applying d = N / P,
N 5 / (2 P) = N 2 / (2 P) + N 3 / P + N 4 / P
N5 = N 2 + 2 N3 + 2 N 4 = 12 + 2 (16 ) + 2 (12 ) = 68 teeth Ans.
12 16 12 3 nL − nA
e= = =
16 12 68 17 nF − nA
17
320 − nA = ( 0 − nA )
3
3
nA = − ( 320 ) = −68.57 rev/min
14
20 16 36 nL − n5
e=− = −0.5217 =
16 30 46 nF − n5
0 − n5
= −0.5217
10 − n5
−0.5217 (10 − n5 ) = −n5
−5.217 + 0.5217 n5 + n5 = 0
n5 (1 + 0.5217 ) = 5.217
5.217
n5 =
1.5217
n5 = nb = 3.428 turns in same direction Ans.
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13-31 (a) ω = 2π n / 60
H = T ω = 2π Tn / 60 (T in N ⋅ m, H in W)
T=
( )
60 H 103
So 2π n
= 9550 H / n (H in kW, n in rev/min)
9550 ( 75 )
Ta = = 398 N ⋅ m
1800
mN 2 5 (17 )
r2 = = = 42.5 mm
2 2
Ta 398
So F32t = = = 9.36 kN
r2 42.5
mN 4 5 ( 51)
(b) r4 = = = 127.5 mm
2 2
Tc 4 = 9.36 (127.5) = 1193 N ⋅ m ccw
∴T4c = 1193 N ⋅ m cw Ans.
Noting that power equals torque times angular velocity, the input torque is
For 100 percent gear efficiency, the output power equals the input power, so
Next, we’ll confirm the output torque as we work through the force analysis and
complete the free body diagrams.
Gear 2
1576
Wt = = 788 lbf
2
F32r = 788 tan 20o = 287 lbf
Gear 5
Arm
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Gear 2
From Eq. (13-36),
60 000 H 60 000 (150 )
Wt = = = 7.368 kN
π dn π ( 216 )(1800 )
d 216
Ta 2 = Wt 2 = 7.368 = 795.7 N ⋅ m
2 2
W r = 7.368 tan 20o = 2.682 kN
216 ( 384)
Wt = 7.368
2 2
W = 13.10 kN
t
______________________________________________________________________________
Gear 2
63025 ( 32 )
Tin = = 1120 lbf ⋅ in
1800
18
dP = = 3.600 in
5
45
dG = = 9.000 in
5
1120
W32t = = 622 lbf
3.6 / 2
W32r = 622 tan 20o = 226 lbf
Fat2 = W32t = 622 lbf, Far2 = W32r = 226 lbf
( )
1/2
Fa 2 = 622 2 + 226 2 = 662 lbf
Each bearing on shaft a has the same radial load of RA = RB = 662/2 = 331 lbf.
Gear 3
N P 20
d2 = = = 5.000 in
P 4
63025 ( 30 )( 2 )
Tin = = 4202 lbf ⋅ in
900
W32t = Tin / ( d 2 / 2 ) = 4202 / ( 5 / 2 ) = 1681 lbf
W32r = 1681 tan 20o = 612 lbf
4202
Fr = = 150 lbf
14 ( 2 )
The compressive loads at A and D are absorbed by the base plate, not the bolts. For W32t ,
the tensions in C and D are
If W32t reverses, 15.25 in changes to 13.25 in, 4.815 in changes to 2.875 in, and the forces
change direction. For A and B,
6426
F2 = = 179 lbf
4 ( 8.98)
= 145 lbf
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N N
P= ⇒ d=
d P
15
d2 = d4 = = 2.5 in Ans.
6
44
d3 = d5 = = 7.33 in Ans.
6
π d 2 n2 π ( 2.5 )( 2500 )
(b) Vi = V2 = V3 = = = 1636 ft/min Ans.
12 12
π d n π ( 2.5) ( 2500 )(15 / 44 )
Vo = V4 = V5 = 4 4 = = 558 ft/min Ans.
12 12
d 2.5
(d) Ti = Wti 2 = 504.3 = 630 lbf ⋅ in Ans.
2 2
2 2
44 44
(e) To = Ti = 630 = 5420 lbf ⋅ in Ans.
15 15
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N N
(b) P= ⇒ d=
d P
16
d2 = d4 = = 1.6 in Ans.
10
48
d3 = d5 = = 4.8 in Ans.
10
π d n π (1.6 )(1200 )
Vi = V2 = V3 = 2 2 = = 502.7 ft/min Ans.
12 12
π d n π (1.6 )( 400 )
Vo = V4 = V5 = 4 4 = = 167.6 ft/min Ans.
12 12
H 33000 ( 35 )
(c) Wti = 33000 = = 2298 lbf lbf Ans.
Vi 502.7
Wri = Wti tan φ = 2298 tan 20o = 836.4 lbf Ans.
W 2298
Wi = ti = = 2445 lbf Ans.
cos φ cos 20o
d 1.6
(d) Ti = Wti 2 = 2298 = 1838 lbf ⋅ in Ans.
2 2
2 2
48 48
(e) To = Ti = 1838 = 16 540 lbf ⋅ in Ans.
16 16
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ω 2
13-38 (a) For o = , from Eq. (13-11), with m = 2, k = 1, φ = 20o
ωi 1
2 (1)
NP =
1 + 2 ( 2 ) sin 2 20o
{2 + }
22 + 1 + 2 ( 2 ) sin 2 20o = 14.16
So N P min = 15 Ans.
N 15
(b) P= = = 1.875 teeth/in Ans.
d 8
(c) To transmit the same power with no change in pitch diameters, the speed and
transmitted force must remain the same.
d d
WtA A = WtB B
2 2
( d / 2 ) = W d A = 281.9 20 = 704.75 lbf
WtB = WtA A ( )
( d B / 2 ) tA d B 8
WtB 704.75
FB = o
= = 777.6 lbf Ans.
cos 25 cos 25o
______________________________________________________________________________
d 300
(b) m= = = 27.3 mm/tooth Ans.
N 11
(c) To transmit the same power with no change in pitch diameters, the speed and
transmitted force must remain the same.
For A, with φ = 20°,
d d
WtA A = WtB B
2 2
( d / 2) d 600
WtB = WtA A = WtA A = (11.40 ) = 22.80 kN
( dB / 2) d
B 300
WtB 22.80
FB = = = 25.16 kN Ans.
cos 25o cos 25o
______________________________________________________________________________
NP =
(1 + 2
2k
m ) sin 2
φ (
m + m 2 + (1 + 2m ) sin 2 φ )
=
2 (1)
1 + 2 ( 2 ) sin ( 20 )
2 o {( 2) + ( 2)
2
( )} = 14.16 teeth
+ 1 + 2 ( 2 ) sin 2 20o
60 000 H 60 000 ( 2 )
Wt = = = 1.60 kN = 1600 N Ans.
π dn π (125 )(191)
Or, we could have obtained Wt directly from the torque and radius,
T 100
Wt = = = 1600 N
d / 2 0.125 / 2
NP =
2k
(1 + 2m ) sin φ
2 (
m + m 2 + (1 + 2m ) sin 2 φ )
=
2 (1)
1 + 2 ( 2 ) sin ( 20 )
2 o{( 2) + ( 2)
2
( )} = 14.16 teeth
+ 1 + 2 ( 2 ) sin 2 20o
N 30
(b) P= = = 3 teeth/in Ans.
d 10
Eq. (13-38): Wa = Wt tan φ sin γ = 808 tan 20o sin18.5o = 93.3 lbf Ans.
The tangential and axial forces agree with Prob. 3-74, but the radial force given in Prob.
3-74 is shown here to be incorrect. Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
( )
a = 2 + 1.5 cos 26.565o / 2 = 2.67 in
Solving gives
R AB × FB = 2.5 FBz i − 2.5 FBx k
R AG × W = 1697i + 656.6 j − 445.9k
d3 / 2 1.5
Γ = 180o − γ = 59.04o
9
DE = + 0.5 cos 59.04o = 0.8197 in
16
W t = 25 lbf
W r = 25 tan 20o cos 59.04o = 4.681 lbf
W a = 25 tan 20o sin 59.04o = 7.803 lbf
W = –4.681i – 7.803j +25k
RDG = 0.8197j + 1.25i
RDC = –0.625j
ΣM D = R DG × W + R DC × FC + T = 0
R DG × W = 20.49i − 31.25 j − 5.917k
R DC × FC = −0.625 FCz i + 0.625 FCx k
FD (thrust) = W = 7.80 lbf Ans.
a
______________________________________________________________________________
13-45
NOTE: The shaft forces exerted on the gears are not shown in the figures above.
18
dP = = 4.157 in
4.330
The forces on the shafts will be equal to the forces transmitted to the gears
through the meshing teeth.
Pinion (Gear 2)
W r = W t tan φt = 800 tan 22.80o = 336 lbf
W a = W t tanψ = 800 tan 30o = 462 lbf
W = −336i − 462 j + 800k lbf Ans.
1/2
W = ( −336 ) + ( −462 ) + 8002 = 983 lbf
2 2
Ans.
Gear 3
W = 336i + 462 j − 800k lbf Ans.
W = 983 lbf Ans.
32
dG = = 7.390 in
4.330
Pinion (Gear 2)
W r = W t tan φt = 800 tan 22.80o = 336 lbf
W a = W t tanψ = 800 tan 30o = 462 lbf
W = −336i − 462 j − 800k lbf Ans.
1/2
W = ( −336 ) + ( −462 ) + ( −800 ) = 983 lbf
2 2 2
Ans.
Idler (Gear 3)
From the diagram for the idler, noting that the radial and axial forces from gears 2 and 4
cancel each other, the force acting on the shaft is
W = +1600k lbf Ans.
NOTE: For simplicity, the above figures only show the gear contact forces.
Also, notice that the idler shaft reaction contains a couple tending to turn the shaft end-
over-end. Also the idler teeth are bent both ways. Idlers are more severely loaded than
other gears, belying their name. Thus, be cautious.
______________________________________________________________________________
tan 20o
tan φt = o
= 0.4203, φt = 22.8o
cos 30
54
d3 = = 8.908 in
6.062
W t = 500 lbf
W a = 500 tan 30o = 288.7 lbf
W r = 500 tan 22.8o = 210.2 lbf
13-48
Pt = 6 cos 30o = 5.196 teeth/in
42
d3 = = 8.083 in
5.196
φt = 22.8o
16
d2 = = 3.079 in
5.196
63025 ( 25 )
T2 = = 916 lbf ⋅ in
1720
R DC = 6i, R DG = 3i − 4.04 j
ΣM D = R DC × FC + R DG × W + T = 0
(1)
R DG × W = −2404i − 1785 j + 2140k
R DC × FC = −6 FCz j + 6 FCy k
T = 2404i lbf ⋅ in
FCz = −297.5 lbf
FCy = −365.7 lbf
ΣF = FD + FC + W = 0
Since the transverse pressure angle is specified, we will assume the given module is also
in terms of the transverse orientation.
d 2 = mN 2 = 4 (16 ) = 64 mm
d3 = mN3 = 4 ( 36 ) = 144 mm
d 4 = mN 4 = 4 ( 28) = 112 mm
H 6 kW 1000 W rev 60 s
T= = = 35.81 N ⋅ m
ω 1600 rev/min kW 2π rad min
T 35.81
Wt = = = 1119 N
d 2 / 2 0.064 / 2
13-50
N 14 36
d2 = = = 2.021 in, d3 = = 5.196 in
Pn cosψ 8 cos 30 o
8cos 30o
15 45
d4 = o
= 3.106 in, d5 = = 9.317 in
5cos15 5cos15o
For gears 2 and 3: φt = tan −1 ( tan φn / cosψ ) = tan −1 ( tan 20o / cos 30o ) = 22.8o
For gears 4 and 5: φt = tan −1 ( tan 20o / cos15o ) = 20.6o
F23t = T2 / r2 = 1200 / ( 2.021/ 2 ) = 1188 lbf
5.196
F54t = 1188 = 1987 lbf
3.106
F23r = F23t tan φt = 1188 tan 22.8o = 499 lbf
F54r = 1986 tan 20.6o = 746 lbf
F23a = F23t tanψ = 1188 tan 30o = 686 lbf
F54a = 1986 tan15o = 532 lbf
Next, designate the points of action on gears 4 and 3, respectively, as points G and H, as
shown. Position vectors are
ΣM C = R CG × F54 + R CH × F23 + R CD × FD = 0
The terms for this equation are found to be
3614
FDy = − = −425 lbf
8.5
13683
FDx = = 1610 lbf
8.5
Next, we sum the forces to zero.
ΣF = FC + F54 + F23 + FD = 0
Substituting, gives
+ (1610i − 425 j + F k ) = 0
D
z
Solving gives
637
W= = 5323 N
( )
cos14.5 sin 4.55o + 0.043cos 4.55o
o
T = 31.85 N ⋅ m Ans.
FBx = 318.5 N, FBy = 613 N
Thrust FA = −5119 N
a
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ΣM D = R DG × WG + R DC × FC + T = 0
R DG = −0.0725i + 0.191j m
R DC = −0.1075i m
T = 977.7 N ⋅ m Ans.
FC = −233 j + 3450k N, FC = 3460 N Ans.
ΣF = FC + WG + FD = 0
FD = − ( FC + WG ) = −637i + 1566 j + 1669k N Ans.
( )
1/2
Or FDr = 1566 2 + 1669 2 = 2289 N (total radial)
FDt = −637 i N (thrust)
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π (1.5 )( 600 )
VW = = 235.7 ft/min
12
33000 ( 0.75 )
W x = WW t = = 105.0 lbf
235.7
π
pt = px = = 0.3927 in
8
L = 0.3927 ( 2 ) = 0.7854 in
0.7854
λ = tan −1 = 9.46o
π (1.5)
105.0
W= = 515.3 lbf
cos 20 sin 9.46o + 0.05 cos 9.46o
o