Design of Strap Footing

1. Design Data
Axial service load on Column 1 = 688.83 KN
Axial service load on Column 2 = 845.31 KN
Size of Column 1 = 350 mm X 350 mm
Size of Column 2 = 350 mm X 350 mm
Soil Bearing Capacity = 200 KN/m 2

Distance between columns = 3.175 m c/c

Materials M20 grade concrete
Fe500 HYSD bars

P1 = 688.83KN P2 = 845.31KN
Boundary line

0.18m 3.175m
R1 R2

Let us assume eccentricity, e = 0.95 m

Taking moment about line P2,
P_1×3.175-R_1×(3.175-e)=0

∴R_1=(3.175×688.83KN)/(3.175-0.9)

∴R_2=P_1+P_2-R_1=688.83+845.31-961.3 = 982.94 KN

= 551.20 KN

2. Footing Size
For Footing A:
L_1=2(0.18+0.95) = 2.26 m
Assume overall thickness of footing, D = 0.6 m
B_1=R_1/((q_a-(γ_c-γ_s )D)L_1 )=961.3/(200-(2.5-
1.8)0.6)2.16 = 2.18 m
For Footing B:
Assume square footing of size L2
L_2=R_2/((q_a-(γ_c-γ_s )D)L_2 )=572.84/((200-
(2.5-2.8)0.6)L_2 )
= 1.66 m

Provide (1.8mX1.8m) footing.

3. Analysis of Footing
q_u1=(R_1×1.5)/
(L_1×1m)=(961.33×1.5)/(2.16×1) = 652.39 KN/m

q_u2=(R_2×1.5)/
(L_2×1m)=(572.81×1.5)/(1.62×1) = 497.51 KN/m

4. Thickness of footing
i) Wide beam shear:
For Footing A:
Let us assume Pt = 0.2%, so from table 16 of IS 456, τ_c=
0.32 N/mm2
Assume in direction of B1, width of strap beam (b) is 500 mm
Shear=bdτ_c=q_u (0.4-d)
∴(0.5)d(320)=(667.59)(0.4-d)
∴d=0.323m
For Footing B:
Let us assume Pt = 0.2%, so from table 16 of IS 456, τ_c= 0.32 N/mm2
Assume in direction of B1, width of strap beam (b) is 500 mm
Shear=bdτ_c=q_u (0.4-d)
∴(0.5)d(320)=(531.98)(0.4-d)
∴d=0.31m

which is less than 600mm depth earlier assumed

Hence, safe.

ii) Two way shear:

For column A:
From clause 31.6.3.1 of IS 456-2000
β_c=(short side of column)/(long side of
column)=350/350=1
k_s=β_c+0.5=1.5≤1.0
τ_c=k_s (0.25) √(f_ck ) (N/ 〖 mm 〗 ^2 )
τ_c=1.0(0.25) √20=1.118N/ 〖 mm 〗 ^2

critical perimeter X d X tc = Pu - qu X critical length

So, shear equation becomes,
∴2(0.7+1.5d)d(1118.03)=668.83-667.59(0.35+0.5d)
∴3354.09d^2+1899.037d-455.17=0

d = 0.182 m

For column B:
From clause 31.6.3.1 of IS 456-2000

β_c=(short side of column)/(long side of

column)=350/350=1
k_s=β_c+0.5=1.5≤1.0
τ_c=k_s (0.25) √(f_ck ) (N/ 〖 mm 〗 ^2 )
τ_c=1.0(0.25) √20=1.118N/ 〖 mm 〗 ^2

critical perimeter = 2(0.35+d+0.35+d) = 4(0.35+d)

So, shear equation becomes,
critical perimeter X d X tc = Pu - qu X critical length
∴2(0.7+1.5d)d(1118.03)=668.83-667.59(0.35+0.5d)
∴3354.09d^2+333.795d+1110.072=0

d = 0.215 m
which is less than 600mm depth earlier assumed
Hence, safe.
5. Reinforcement for flexure for footing
i) Design along the length direction:
Comparing the moments at the column faces in both the footings (A&B),
Mmax = 116.03 KNm (For footing B)
M_u/(bd^2 )
=(116.03× 〖 10 〗 ^6) = 0.384 N/mm2
/
(〖
From table 1 of 10 〗P^3× 〖 (550)
SP-16, t = 0.09 %
〗 ^2 )
ii)Design along the width direction:
qu1 (=667.59KN/m) > qu2 (=531.98KN/m)
So, for design along width direction footing A (qu1) is considered.
M_u=(667.59× 〖 (0.765) 〗 ^2)/2=195.35K
Nm

M_u/(bd^2 )
=(195.35× 〖 10 〗 ^6) = 0.65 N/mm2
/
( 〖 10 〗 ^3× 〖 (550)
From table〗1 ^2
of SP-16,
)
Pt = 0.156 %

But, from wide beam criteria, Pt = 0.2 %

∴A_st
(required)=(0.2/100)×1000×550=1100 〖 mm 〗 ^2

Provide 12mm dia bars @100 c/c along both directions at bottom face of the footings A and B.

6. Design of Strap beam

i) Reinforcement for flexure
Mmax = 381.26 KNm

M_u/(bd^2 )
=(381.26× 〖 10 〗 ^6)/ = 2.52 N/mm2
(500×(550)^2 )

From table 54 of SP-16, d'/d = 50/550 = 0.1,

∴P_t=0.745% and P_c=0.003%
∴A_st (required on tension face)=(0.745/100)×500×550=2048.75 〖 mm 〗 ^2,
∴A_sc (required on compression face)=(0.003/100)×500×550=8.25 〖 mm 〗 ^2,
∴Provide (4-20mm dia+4-16mm dia) 8 no.s of rebars at top of the strap beam
and 2-16mm dia at bottom of the strap beam.

ii) Check for shear:

Vmax = 703.41 KN

τ_acting=V_max/bd=(703.41×
〖 10 〗 ^3)/(500×550) <τ_(c,max)=2.8N/ 〖 mm 〗 ^2 (for
= 2.56 N/mm2
M20)
P_t (provided)=((4×314.16+4×201.1))/
(500×550)×100=0.749%
From table 61 of SP-16, τ_c=0.56N/
〖 mm 〗 ^2

τ_acting-τ_c
But, provide shear reinforcement for shear = = 2.24 N/mm2

V_us/d=(τ_acting-τ_c )b=2.24∗500=1120N/mm=11.2KN/cm

∴From table 62 of SP-16, provide 2L-stirrups of 8mm dia @ 100c/c

7. Transfer of load at base of the column:

For footing A:
From clause 34.4 of IS 456-2000, permissible bearing stress,
q_per=√(A_1/A_2 )
(0.45f_ck)

A_1=(350+1200)×(2030)=954100 〖 mm 〗 ^2
A_2=(350×350)=122500 〖 mm 〗 ^2
√(A_1/A_2 )=2.79, which is greater than 2
∴√(A_1/A_2 )=2
q_per=2×0.45×20=18 N/ 〖 mm 〗 ^2
q_acting=(load on column)/(area of
column)=(688.83× 〖 10 〗 ^3)/(350×350)=5.62N/ 〖 mm 〗 ^2
<q_per, hence safe

For footing B:
From clause 34.4 of IS 456-2000, permissible bearing stress,

q_per=√(A_1/A_2 )
(0.45f_ck)

A_1= 〖 (1620) 〗 ^2=2624400 〖 mm 〗 ^2

A_2=(350×350)=122500 〖 mm 〗 ^2
√(A_1/A_2 )=4.63 which is greater than 2
∴√(A_1/A_2 )=2
q_per=2×0.45×20=18 N/ 〖 mm 〗 ^2
q_acting=(load on column)/(area of
column)=(845.31× 〖 10 〗 ^3)/(350×350)=6.9 N/ 〖 mm 〗 ^2
<q_per, hence safe
Data input
Calculated values (check)