Martina Komárková

Magdalena Miřejovská
 www.3tres3.com

Pig breeds


Breeds of international importance

 LARGE WHITE - YORKSHIRE
 www.naschov.cz

 UK (Yorkshire), 19 th century, from local breeds

 Large, long, lean breed, white (pink skin, shiny white
bristles)
 Erect ears
 Excellent feed conversion ratio, high daily liveweight gains
 Do not lay down excess fat
 “Mother breed”, sows: milky, good mothers
 Adaptability under varying conditions (outdoor systems)
x susceptibility to sunburn
 Used in crossbreeding programmes
 For bacon (temperate) and meat (tropics)
 kids.britannica.com

LANDRASE

 Denmark
 Large framed, long body, white (pink skin, white bristles)
 Droopy ears
 Bacon type
 Maternal breed, sows: high fecundity and milking ability
 High growth rate
 Great aclimatization → word wide
 Many types: Danish, Swedish, German, Belgian ...
 DUROC

 Eastern USA – mixture of Old English pigs, red Guinea
pigs, red Iberian pigs
 Large framed, shorter head, partially drooping ears
 Meat breed, high average daily gain
 Migh quality of meat (marbling)
 Red skin
 High fecundity
 Hardiness – popular in SE Asia and American tropics
 Resistance to stress and infection
 One of the least aggressive

kids.britannica.com
 HAMPSHIRE
 kids.britannica.com

 USA : one of the oldest American breeds, from English

saddleback pigs
 Black with white belt, medium size, shorter, erect ears
 Good mothers - longevity
 Efficient feed converters
 Well-muscled
 Low backfat, rapid growers
 For crossbreeding (mainly in American tropics)
 Resistance to stress
www.popscreen.com
 www.3tres3.com

Pig breeds

Breeds of limited and/or regional
importance
BERKSHIRE


www.bark.ch
 BERKSHIRE
 Berkshire (UK)

 One of the oldest British breeds www.hobbyfarms.com

 Small framed; early maturing, slow growth

 Short black bristles - black with six white points (feet,
nose, tail tip)
 Big erect ears, short dished snout, short legs
 Excellent marbling of meat (↑ fat) – juicy, tender meat
 Widely used in tropics

www.viarural.com.ar
TAMWORTH


rogergsmith.typepad.co.uk
 www.boytonfarm.co.uk

TAMWORTH
 theveganvoice.org

 UK (input from Irish pigs)

 Medium size, ginger to red
 Elongated head shape, long narrow body
 Long neck, long legs, erect, pointed ears
 Great hardiness; adaptation to various climates
 “Grazing pig”
 Protective of their territories – conflicts
 Sows: good maternal skills (6 – 10 piglets)
 High body mass x low content of fat (“bacon pig”)
 Bred in: UK, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand – peak in
mid-20th century → today critically small numbers
POLAND CHINA


www.cpsswine.com
 POLAND CHINA

 USA (Ohio)
 Crossbreeding of many breeds – Polish pigs and Big
Chinas (other: Hampshire, Berkshire ...)
 Colouring similar to Berkshire (black and white – 6
points)
 Large breed (Big Bill – 1 157 kg)
 Drooping ears
 Lard breed
 Popular in USA and S America

www.cpsswine.com
PIETRAN


www.infoescola.com
 PIETRAN

 Belgium (village Pietrain)
 Meat breed; medium size
 Greyish-white with irregular spots (black, yellow) – light
rings around spots
 Shorter head, wide forehead, short erect ears
 Short legs; strongly muscled, high proportion of lean to
fat
 Typical shape of body
 Sows: medium prolificacy, lack of mothering
characteristics, ↓ milk production
 High demand on nutrition, ↓ hardiness
 Nervous temperament

moscow.olx.ru
CORNWALL


www.britannicrarebreeds.co.uk
 CORNWALL

= Large Black
 SW Great Britain (end of 19. cent.)
 Selection for size and production on pastures
 Large droopy ears, bluish-black bristles
 Black skin (pigment) – suitable for
tropics and high altitude
 270 – 370 kg
 Large litters
 Hardy; docile, extensive farming
 Pastures - grazing ability (convert poor feed to meat)
 today ↑
GASCON


woodlandpigs.wordpress.com
 GASCON

 The oldest French breed, mountain regions
 Heavy looped ears, black skin (pigment), black bristles
- thicker along back, swirl on rump
 Slow growth
 ↑ fat pruduction
 Dark marbled meat
 Vigorous, hardy
 Tolerant of hot climates
 Ability to live outdoors year round
BLACK IBERIAN PIG


www.visitextremadura.co.uk
 BLACK IBERIAN PIG
 www.anvepi.com

 Iberian Peninsula; traditional breed

 Crossbreeding of pigs brought by Phoenicians (from
Lebanon) and local wild pigs
 Grey to black colour; little or no bristles
 Capacity to accumulate epidermal and intramuscular
(marbling)
 Ourdoor breeding + feed (acorns) + intramuscular fat →
special taste
madridalacarta.com www.21food.com www.thefoodresource.com
 In 60´s drastic reduction ← outbreak of African swine fever,
low value of fat, introduction of more efficient breeds x today
increase of population ← demand
 MANGALICA

 Curly-hair hog
 Hungary – edible heritage of Hungary
 Local Hungarian breed (Bakonyi and Szalontai) crossed with wild
pigs (19th century)
 Mangh = „crossbreed„ (germanic word) + "-ica„ (Slovan feminine
ending)
 3 types: Blonde, Swallow-bellied, Red
 Long curly bristlest → outdoor pasture, even in winter →
production of lard (contain „good cholesterol” , HDL)
 Hardy
 Traditional Hungarian specialties - sausages ("uherák, čabajka” )
 after 2nd WW ↓ (← high demands on feed, litter max. 8 piglets)
 KUNEKUNE

 New Zealand (probably from Asian breeds imported in
19th century)
 “Kunekune” = fat and round (Māori language) www.tumblr.com

 Small (around 60 cm), round body, short legs

 Short snout; usually erect ears
 Various colours; black, white, ginger, cream, gold, brown
and bi/tri-coloured
 Bristles: long or short, and straight or curly
 Docile, friendly nature; love human company
 “Grazing pig”
 As pet – ourdoors (gardens)

www.parkissa.com
PŘEŠTICE BLACK-PIED PIG

 Czech breed from W Bohemia
 Genetic reserve
 Medium framed
 Partially droopy ear
 Black and white (irregular)
 Resistance to stress, infection etc.
 High prolificacy, milking ability
 ↑ fat
 www.3tres3.com

Breeds of Pigs

Pigs of tropics and subtropics
 PIGS IN TS

 In some areas important – production of meat, fat, skins
 N Africa and Middle East (Islam) – marginal importance
 Majority bred in developing countries x bigger pork
production in developed countries
 Africa: 3,3 animals /100 inhab.; mainly south and west, the
least north
 Asia: 13,9 anim./100 inh.; the most Far East (24,8 an./ 100 inh.),
the least SW
 Latin America:
- Central America 16,1 an./100 inh.
- South America 18,7 an./100 inh.
- the most: Mexico, Haiti, Cuba, Brazil, Argentina
 PIGS OF AFRICA
Westafrican pig

 black, white or black and white
 in coastal areas
 3 geographical types: Ashanti dwarf (Ghana), Bakosi
(Cameroon), Nigerian native (Nigeria) – possibly
trypanotolerant
Bantu
 South Africa (Bantu tribe), Zambia,
Zimbabwe
 ♂ 83 kg, ♀70 kg
Morrocan pig
 around Mediterranean Sea
 black or grey
 70 – 90 kg
 often breed as semi-feral
 PIGS OF AFRICA

Algerian and Tunisian pig
 Around Mediterranean Sea
 Imported by European colonists
 Grey or black
 60 – 80 kg

Korhogo
 Ivory Coast
 Crosbred of local breed with English breeds (Berkshire a
Yorkshire)
 Meat/lard type
 White skin, white bristles
 Good fertility and resistance (x high temperatures)
 PIGS OF ASIA

 China, Vietnam, India, Japan
 China: 1/3 of world production
- 84 % small village breeders – kitchen waste
→ meat with ↑ fat
- 11 % state farms
- 5 % specialized households

 Special feeding compound, crossbreeding with

imported breeds → leaner meat
 PIGS OF CHINA

 More than 100 breeds, types …
 Common features:
- early mature
- high fertility
- hardiness
- low body weight at birth
 BLACK PIG HUANG-
HUAI-HAI
 Around 70 kg

 Narrow head
 Large droopy ears
 Black skin, black bristles; in winter red ″underfur ″
 Meat type
 3 geographical types: Huai – black, droopy ears; Ding –
origin: crosbreeding with modern breeds, black; Shenxian
– black, short snout, wrinkles on face

Huai
 MIN

 NW China
 Primitive small breed
 Average: 88 kg, 87 cm
 Relatively large head, slender nose
 Wrinkled forehead, large droopy ears
 Long, straight, hairy tail
 Black skin, black bristles (9 – 15 cm, at withers up to
20 cm)
 Meat/lard type – up to 5 kg of abdominal fat
 HEZUO
 NW China

 In altitude 2 600 m
– low temperatures (+/-
2°C)
 Small to dwarf (33 cm)
 Cca. 32 kg
 Erect ears
 Long thick bristles - black
 Slow growth; low fertility
 JINHUA

= ″Both ends black pig″
 cca. 75 kg; 66 cm
 White body x black head and back
 Big ears
 Lard type x delicate meat - manually processed ham
(traditional processing)

http://kaleidoscope.cultural-china.com/
 FENGJING

 China – South of Shanghai
 “Pig of rice bran” – feed on aquatic plants → additional
feed rice bran
 Average 70 kg, 69 cm
 Black skin, black bristles
 Round head with short snout (turned-up); wrinkles on
face
 Extremely long, wide ears
 Adult individuals – wrinkles
on neck, ribs and back

www.ansi.okstate.edu
 MEISHAN

 China - North of Shanghai
 Average 62 kg, 58 cm
www.genomenewsnetwork.org
 Similar to Fengjing
 Black, white feet

bib.ge
 PIGS OF SE ASIA

Vietnam – mainly South – rice cultivation
 Cambodia, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand,
Indonesia
 „Filipino“ Native pig

MONG CAI
 North Vietnam
 Short body
 Meat/lard type
http://news.nguoimongcai.com/
 VIETNAMESE PIG

 = Pot-bellied pig www.teacuppig.net
www.sajto-foto.hu

 From Vietnam a SE Asia

 Small (8 – 140 kg)
 Greyish-black či spotted (black and white)
 Small erect ears, straight tail
 Huge belly, short legs
 Relatively thick skin often forms wrinkles
 Resistant to diseases
 For meat, as pet
 Training, performance
 PIGS OF LATIN AMERICA
 South America: Brazil

 Central America: Cuba, Haiti,
Mexico
 Mainly small farms - household
and agricultural wast; free
movement during day, evening
feeding
 Primarily for lard
 Criollo type pigs (Spanish origin )
and their crossbreeds with breeds
from North America
 PIGS OF LATIN AMERICA

PELÓN (PELÓN DE CARTAGO)
 From Mexico to Colombia, 80 – 90 kg, black skin, almost no
bristles; feeding on plant waste (after bananas harvest), lard
type, resistance (to heat)
CUINO
= Mexican dwarf pig (up to 12 kg), Chinese ancestry
(16. century), almost extinct, curly coat
 Adaptation to corn diet
(areas of corn cultivation)
MEXICAN WATTLED
 Max. 60 kg, meat/lard type
 Under chin two wattles
 Adaptation to dry conditions

ecotonefarm.blogspot.com
 PIGS OF LATIN AMERICA

HUNDURAS PIG „SWITCH-TAIL“
 Mountains of Honduras
 Small (cca. 50 kg)
 Long tail (30 cm) – switch as cattle
VENEZUELAN BLACK PIG
 S Venezuela, Colombia
 Cca. 90 kg; black skin, black bristles; long legs
 Semi-feral, can live without human (defense against
carnivores)
SAMPEDREŇO and ZUNGO
 Colombia; grey, little of bristles
 PIGS OF LATIN AMERICA

CANASTRAO
 Brazil (from Portugal); black or red skin (sometimes white
spots); meat of high quality
CANASTRA
 Brazil (from Portugal); black skin, black bristles

TATÚ (BAHIA)
 Brazil (originated in China), black or black and white; lard
type
PIRAPITINGA
 Chinese origin; nearly hairless; black or violet coloured;
short ears; lard type
Thank you for attention
(again)
