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1
7/17/2014
POISSON’S RATIO
• In all engineering materials, the elongation produced by an axial
tensile force P in the direction of the force is accompanied by a
contraction in transverse direction
• All materials considered will be assumed to be both homogeneous
and isotropic, i.e., their mechanical properties will be assumed
independent of both position and direction
• It follows that the strain must have the same value for any
transverse direction, referred to as the lateral strain
• Poisson’s ratio is an important constant for a given material and is
defined as:
lateral strain
𝜈=−
axial strain
𝝐𝒚 𝝐𝒛
𝝂=− =−
𝝐𝒙 𝝐𝒙
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7/17/2014
POISSON’S RATIO
• Consider an element of material subjected to uniaxial stress σx the
corresponding strain system is shown.
POISSON’S RATIO
• Element subjected to triaxial stresses σx, σy, and σz, total strain in x-
direction is therefore composed of a strain due to σx, and lateral
strains due to σy and σz.
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑧
𝜀𝑥 = −𝜈 −𝜈
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑧
• Similarly, 𝜀𝑦 = 𝐸 − 𝜈 𝐸 − 𝜈 𝐸
𝜎𝑧 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥
𝜀𝑧 = −𝜈 −𝜈
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
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7/17/2014
POISSON’S RATIO
• Equations giving strains can be solved to determine stress
components:
𝜈𝐸 𝐸
𝜎𝑥 = 1+𝜈 1−2𝜈 𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 + 𝜀𝑧 + 1+𝜈 𝜀𝑥
𝜈𝐸 𝐸
• Similarly, 𝜎𝑦 = 𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 + 𝜀𝑧 + 1+𝜈 𝜀𝑦
1+𝜈 1−2𝜈
𝜈𝐸 𝐸
𝜎𝑧 = 1+𝜈 1−2𝜈 𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 + 𝜀𝑧 + 1+𝜈 𝜀𝑧
𝜈𝐸 𝐸
• Lame constant, λ = 1+𝜈 1−2𝜈 , μ = 2 1+𝜈
𝐸 𝐸
• Shear Modulus, 𝐺 = 2(1+𝜈) Bulk Modulus, 𝐾 = 3(1−2𝜈)
Plane stress
• In many practical situations stress
component in z-direction is zero
and is referred as plane stress
𝜎 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑦 𝜎
𝜀𝑥 = 𝐸𝑥 − 𝜈 𝐸 , 𝜀𝑦 = 𝐸 − 𝜈 𝐸𝑥
POISSON’S RATIO
Plane strain
• If the strain in z-direction is zero (𝜀𝑧 = 0), this referred to a plane
strain condition
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7/17/2014
POISSON’S RATIO
POISSON’S RATIO
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7/17/2014
POISSON’S RATIO
Problem 3-33
Plug has diameter of 30mm and fits within a rigid sleeve having an
inner diameter of 32mm. Both are 50mm long. Determine the axial
pressure that must be applied at the top of plug to cause it contact the
sides of sleeve. Also, how far must the plug be compressed downward
to do this? Young’s modulus is 5MPa and Poisson’s ratio is 0.45.
Solution: PLUG
Plug should be compressed with the
particular amount of load in order to
touch the sleeve. That load is used to
determine the axial pressure. Sleeve
POISSON’S RATIO
That load will do the compression and resulted in lateral strain, which
can be calculated using,
𝑑𝑠 − 𝑑𝑝 32 − 30
𝜖𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 = = = 0.06667
𝑑𝑝 30
𝜖𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 = −𝜈𝜖𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 → 𝜖𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 = −0.1481
𝑃 = 𝜎 = 𝐸𝜖𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
𝑃 = 741𝑘𝑃𝑎 Answer
𝛿 = 𝜖𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 L
𝛿 = 0.1481 × 50
𝛿 = 7.41𝑚𝑚 Answer