I5e M1 Mdse CM5

DFIG Energy Conversion
Prof Augustin MPANDA, PhD
ESIEE-AMIENS, FR, I5-GEDD // TUT, Master-Power, Pretoria, SA – MAY 2014
Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

TECHNOLOGY OF WIND TURBINES
Onshore Wind Parks:

Offshore Wind Parks:
The reasons why wind turbines are grouped in parks are that thus locations with a good
resource are used effectively and that the visual impact of the turbines is concentrated in
certain regions.
As is obvious, the difference is that in a constant speed wind turbine, the turbine’s rotor
revolves at a constant speed whereas in a variable speed wind turbine, the rotational speed
of the rotor can vary and can be freely controlled within certain design limits.

a) Generating systems with fixed (constant) speed
Asynchronous generator
with squirrel cage rotor
And two windings

Fixed Speed Wind Turbine Concept (FS-WT)

b) Generating systems with variable speed
Variable Speed Wind Turbine Concept

• Cut-in wind speed: 3.5 m/s • Power: GE 3.6 MW
• Cut-out wind speed: 27 m/s • Voltage: 690 V
• Rated wind speed: 14 m/s • Generator: 3 Phase, Doubly-fed induction
• Rotor speed (variable): 8.5 - 15.3 rpm • Rotor Diameter: 104m

NOMENCLATURE
Aerodynamic & Mechanic side Electrical side
Pwind : Rotor power Vqg ,Vdg : Voltage of the terminal of WT

: Air density (kg/m 3 ) Vdc ref : Refrence value for DC link cotroller
Cp ,   : Power (Performance) coefficient of the turbine Ps : Active power
: The ratio blade tip speed to wind speed Qs : Reactive power
r : Rotor speed (rad/sec) Pr : Active power of rotor side converter
R: Wind turbine radius (m) s : Slip electrical angular speed
v : incoming Wind speed (m/s)
b : Base frequency
: Blade pitch angle (°)
e : Stator electrical angular speed
Ar : Effective aria of blade ( R )
2
P set filter : Set point real power

Tae : Wind turbine torque
Q set filter : Set point reactive power (equal 0 for PFC mode)
Pg set : Set point real power for grid terminal of WT
Qg set : Set point reactive power for grid terminal of WT
(equal 0 for PFC mode)

AERODYNAMIC OF WT

Wind Turbine

Pwind  Ar v 3C p   ,   with    (1)
2
  r R / v (2)
C p   , 
Ct   ,    (3)

1
Tae   Ct   ,  R 3Vw 2 (4)
2
Normalizing (1) in the per unit (pu) system as :
Pwind _ pu  k pC p   ,   _ pu vw3 _ pu (5)
A generic equation is used to model C p   ,   . This equation,

Based on the modelling turbine characteristics is :
 c5
c2
C p   ,    c1 (
f
 c3   c4 )e  c6  (6) with
f
1 1 0.035
  3
f   0.08   1
c1  0.22 c2  112 c3  0.4 c4  3.8 c5  12.5 c6  0

Model of the variable speed pitch-regulated wind turbine
v Pel
Pw Aerodyn Pt Pt Pm Pks
Available
Efficiency Wind-Blades Mechanical Mechanical soft Electrical Power system
Wind Qel
Cp=f() Interaction Eigenswings coupling Conversion (HT)
Power
turb gen

INDUCTION MACHINE MODELLING

In the field reference frame the Park equations are given by :
d 
 vsdqo    Rs  isdqo    sdqo   s   sdqo  
dt 
 (5)
d 
 vrdqo    Rr  irdqo    rdqo    r   rdqo  with 
dt 
 0 1 0
d
i   P(i )  P 1 (i )  i  1 0 0  and i( s, r )
d
dt dt  
 0 0 0
P (i ) and P 1 (i ) being Park and inverse Park Transformations
Where,
 sd  Lsisd  Lmird
 sq  Lsisq  Lmirq
 rd  Lrird  Lmisd
 rq  Lrirq  Lmisq with Ls  Lls  Lm and Lr  Llr  Lm

The Shaft Model (Mechanical Drives Train Modelling
Drive Train Model

(1)

(2)

Expressing the stator current from yields to (1): i  1 (  X i ) (3)
s s m r
Xs
Then the electrical torque can be expressed
in terms of rotor currents as:

INDUCTION GENERATOR CONTROL LAWS
Using eq. (2) which neglects the stator transients to represent the network
And eq. (3) gives:

a)
b)

C)

CONTROL MODE 1

CONTROL MODE 2
Power loop

Cross coupling (compensation) terms

2 options according to the stator flux terms
 Disturbance
 Compensation
a) disturbance

b) compensation

  2 f0 p.u.

E=Vdc

Simplified Pitch Angle Controler

REFERENCES
• [1] J.-P. CARON et J.-P HAUTIER, Modélisation et commande de la

machine asynchrone, éditions TECHNIP, 1995.
• [2] Paul C. KRAUSE, Analysis of Electric Machinery, McGRAW-HILL
INTERNATIONAL EDITIONS, 1987..
• [3] A. MPANDA MABWE, Dynamic Modelling of Electrical Machines,
course, ESIEE-Amiens, France, 2007.
• [4] Grid Integration of Large DFIG-Based Wind Farms Using VSC
Transmission, Lie Xu, Senior Member, IEEE, Liangzhong Yao, and
Christian Sasse, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL.
22, NO. 3, AUGUST 2007
• [5] Ana Morales, Impact of decentralized power on power systems, ULB,
2006, thesis.

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DFIG Energy Conversion

Prof Augustin MPANDA, PhD

ESIEE-AMIENS, FR, I5-GEDD // TUT, Master-Power, Pretoria, SA – MAY 2014

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Onshore Wind Parks:

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Variable Speed Wind Turbine Concept

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Aerodynamic & Mechanic side Electrical side

Pwind : Rotor power Vqg ,Vdg : Voltage of the terminal of WT

P set filter : Set point real power

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Pwind _ pu  k pC p   ,   _ pu vw3 _ pu (5)

A generic equation is used to model C p   ,   . This equation,

c1  0.22 c2  112 c3  0.4 c4  3.8 c5  12.5 c6  0

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

• [1] J.-P. CARON et J.-P HAUTIER, Modélisation et commande de la

Augustin MPANDA/ Energy Systems 1/ TUT/ FSATI

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