EXPERIMENT NO.

6
RESONANCE TUBE

in air at room temperature

Aim: () To determine the speed ofsound Resonance Tube
unlknown frequency of a tuning fork using
the
(i) To find out
Apporatus:
resonance tube, set of tuning forks,
retort stond
A long plastic jar filled with water,
tond
meter scale, vernier calliper,
rubber pad, thermometer

Diagram:
Tuning fork
-Stand

|Metal/glass tube

M
N
Glass jar

Water
uRubber pad
Formula:

(i) End correction e=0.3d where d is the inner diameter

of resonance tubee
(i) V=4 (L) n-
frequency of tuning fork
4n (f+e) L corect resonating length of air column
4n (+0.3d) = observed resonating
(ii)
length of air column
V=4x1
slope ifgroph isagainst n)
L
(iv) n,Lmean
(where L,is the corect
L resonating length for fork
of unknown frequency)
Procedure:
1. Measure the inner diameter of
the resonance tube
calliper. Take three reodings and hence with the help
2. Note down the
room
calculate end corection of the upper jaws of vernie
of resonance
3. Hold the temperature using thee given tube.
resonance ube thermometer.
stand ( as shown in the vertically in the plastic jar filled with
diagram). water with the
help ot re
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 4, mmerse the resonance tubc in the plastic jar filled with wuter as deep as possible so that the
length of the air column is minimum.
5. Arungethe tuning forks in descending order of frequency.
6. Strike the tuning fork of highest frequency gently on the rubber pod and hold it near the mouth
of the resonarnce tube, so that the prong of the tuning fork vibrate in verticol plame.
7. Roise the resonance tube slowly along with the fork till a loud sound is heard indicatung thot
the air column is vibrating in resonance with the fork. Clamp the tube.
8. Measure the length of air column from the surface of the water level to the open end of the
resonance tube using meter scale
9. Repeat the procedure and measure the lengh (f) three times for the same tuning fork and
calculate mean length (f)
10. Set the next tuning fork in to vibrations, hold it near the open end of the resonamce tube, rase
it slowly from the previous position till is obtained and the
resonance measure corTesponding
length () three times and calculate the mean length
11. Repeat the complete procedure for the rest of the tuning forks
12. Similarly find the mean resonating length (e) for the unknown frequency uning fork (n,)
13. Add end comection (e) to mean resonating length () and calculae correced length (L) for all
tuning forks. Calculate L, for the tuning fork of unknown frequency
14. Calculate nL for all uning forks
except the tuning fork of unknown frequency
15. Calculate the speed
of sound at room temperature and also unknown frequency
16. Plot graph of n
a (y axis) againsta
L
axsis) and calcualte the speed of sound by graph.
Observations:
1. Least count of vernier
calliper
) Smallest division on the main scale of vernier calliper, x =.. Cm
(i) Total number of divisions on the vernier scale of the vernier calliper, y =.. div.
(ii) Least count (L.C) of vernier calliper, x/y. cm
(iv) Zero error (e) Ccm
Observation table:
1) For inner diameter of resonance tube
Obs. MSR/ (@cm VSD VSR Diameter / Corrected
No.
(bcm (c=bx L.C) (total reading) reading
cm
(atc d) cm d d-e) cm

Mean d cm

End correctlon e =0.3 d = - - - cms

(5D
Ds. Frequency Length of air column Correctea
o. n (H2) length (em-1)
L Hz
L +e cm
e m , cm P,cm Mean
Cm

5 Unknown
(n)= L

Mean (nL) =_-- Hz cm or cm/s

Graph :
Plot a graph of n (y axis) against(x axis) and calculate the speed of sound by graph.

Yt Scale X=
Y

n (Hz)

X
(cm")

Slope =

X,

Ci/s m/s
V 4slupe

Alo determne the unknown lrequeney (u, ) liom the yruph

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 Calculations:
Obs. No Log n Log L a+b c Antllog (e)- 4nl
(a) (b)

Mean (nL) =_--Hz cm or cm/s

(1) Speed of Sound
V 4(nL)mcr
42
Hz cm or cm/s __-m/s

(2) Unknown frequency

n mean (nL)
Corrected length coresponding to the unknown frequency (L)

Hz
Result:
1) Speed of sound in air at room temperature
a) By calculation: V =. m/s

b) By graph V =
m/s
2) Unknown frequency of fork
a) By calculation n' Hz
b) By graph n'= Hz
Precautions:
1. Strike the tuning fork gently on rubber pad
2. Hold the vibrating tuning fork just above the mouth of the resonance tube
3. Do not bring ear close to the tube
4. While adjusting the resonating length, start with the minimum length of the air column and the
tuning fork of highest frequency
5. Tuning fork should not touch the resonance tube
6. The prongs of the tuning fork must vibrate in vertical plane

Questions
1. What is meant by the tem resonance?
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