Lecture 1

CEG6117
Advanced Deep Foundations
Design
Dr. McVay (email: mcm@ce.ufl.edu)

Rm 103, Building 226 – 2320 Surge Area

Drive (Off of SW Archer Rd)

Lectures: https://lss.at.ufl.edu/
Syllabus:
 Deep Foundations
Structural members made of steel, concrete,
and/or timber. They are expensive due to cost
of materials, and placement (driving, drilling,
etc.) vs. shallow foundations.

Estimated Cost of Deep Foundation beneath

Bridge 25% - 40% of total Construction cost -
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration)

Estimated Cost of Deep Foundation supporting

building ~ 5% to 15%
• They are used for following reasons:

– If the upper soil layers are compressible or too weak to

support the structural loads. For instance 40’ of organic
soils over bed rock; 200 ft of loose sand or silt

– Structures subject to large horizontal forces – In Florida, a

common design consideration is hurricane winds, ship
impact on bridge piers; other states Eqke

– Foundations subject to adverse future influences: soil

erosion or scour from streams or waterways during
storms (Acosta 15’ in 25yrs)
– Limited Right of Way, Noise or Vibration (Urban Areas)
 Load Transfer Process

Pile Cap

P
Lateral Resistance
P

20<L<150’
Lateral Disp - y

Side Friction τ

Tip Resistance
Vertical Displ.
 Layouts
Plumb or Vertical Battered

Water
Land

3D 3D
 Standard Design
• Site Investigation
– Borings (Site Stratigraphy, Soil & Rock Properties along
with Variability), GeoStat
• Preliminary Design
– Multiple Foundation types (different pile types and
sizes, drilled shafts, etc.), FB-Deep, GeoStat, GRLWEAP,
FB-MultiPier
• Final Design – Consider all Service and Strengths
States, Future Influences(GeoStat & FB-MultiPier,
etc.)
NHI 2.2
 Types of Piles
• There are four general types (based on material) of
piles available: 1) concrete; 2) steel; 3) wood; and 4)
composite (e.g. concrete filled steel pipe)

• Selection of a pile type is typically based on Site

Conditions, Loading and Cost
– south Florida commercial construction, auger cast
concrete are prevalent – develop more side friction than
driven steel or concrete pile due to drilling into soft
limestone – resulting in cheaper cost.
– Extreme Event I, Strength III (Eqke, Hurricane, Vessel
Impact)
NHI 6.1
 Concrete Piles
• Divided into two categories based on
construction and installation:
– Precast prestressed or post tensioned concrete
pile (18” – 66”) constructed in a casting yard
(Standard, Gates, etc.), square or circular (cylinder
piles) and installed with crane, leads and a
hammer;
– Cast Insitu pile: Franki Pile – auger cast pile-
continuous flight auger – constructed by drilling or
other hole creation, filling with concrete and steel
reinforcement
Prestressed Concrete
 Precast Concrete Piles
• Constructed at plant or yard
– Prestressed (18” to 36”) or post tensioned (cylinder piles
48” to 66” with void)
– Compression of concrete prevents cracking during driving
and support large moments or lateral loading on piles

• Trucked (80 ft) or Barged (over 100ft) to site

• Require Drivability Analysis to match hammer,

cushion, etc. to soil & rock site conditions
 Cast Insitu - Uncased
Auger Cast or CFA Pile

Steel Rebar Cage

Cast Insitu (Cased)
Franki Pile
 Steel Piles
• Common used shapes are either rolled pipe or H
sections – may be driven or vibrated into the ground
• Pipe piles may be either prismatic or tapered and
driven into the ground with their end either open or
closed. Vary in diameter from 16” to 60” (More
expensive )
• H sections have similar depth to width dimensions –
maximum is approx.15” --- easy to splice, but
susceptible to corrosion.
 Timber Piles
• Constructed from Tree Trunks
• Have maximum unspliced length of 30’ to 60’
– spliced with bands, straps, and pipes
• Driven with Drop Hammers to limit Driving
Stresses
• Typically designed for 20 to 40 tons/pile
• Contrary to many expectations have withstood
decades of exposure with proper treatment
Timber Piles
Drilled Shafts

Rigs:
•Truck
•Crawler
•Crane

Methods of Construction
•Cased
•Dry Hole
•Wet (mineral or polyme
slurry)

6-17
TERMINOLOGY

6-6
LIGHT TRUCK-MOUNTED

H & T 635
48” Dia.; 35 ft.

6-12
Tools

Double-Flight
Soil Auger

6-35
 Dry Method

WHEN USED
• Inplace Soil/rock will
keep the hole walls
from collapsing.

• Construction of the
shaft can be in relatively
dry conditions.

3-7
 WET –VS- DRY?

The Inspector cannot

visually inspect the
shaft and cannot see
what is happening
underground

4-9
 1. Prestressed Concrete Piling, (furnished and installed)
**Size of Piling Cost per Lin. Foot Quantity Cost
$80

FDOT
18" (Driven Plumb or 1" Batter )
18" (Driven Battered) $90
24" (Driven Plumb or 1" Batter ) $105
24" (Driven Battered) $120

Bridge
30" (Driven Plumb or 1" Batter ) $150
30" (Driven Battered) $160
Embedded Data Collector (each) $1,300
Subtotal

Development
* When heavy mild steel reinforcing is used in the pile head add $250 to
the piling cost.
** When microsilica is used add $6/LF to the piling cost

Report 2. Steel Piling, (furnished and installed)

Size of Piling
14" x 73 H Section
Cost per Lin. Foot
$65
Quantity Cost

Preliminary Cost
14" x 89 H Section $75
20" Pipe Pile $90
24" Pipe Pile $96
30" Pipe Pile $160

of Substructure 3. Drilled Shaft (Total in-place cost)

Subtotal

Structures Design
Dia. (on land, casing salvaged) Cost per Lin. Foot Quantity Cost
3 ft $290
4 ft $430
5 ft $510

Manual
6 ft $630
7 ft $750
Dia. (in water, casing salvaged) Cost per Lin. Foot Quantity Cost
3 ft $320
4 ft $500
5 ft $600
6 ft $690
7 ft $800
8 ft $1,100
Dia. (in water, permanent casing) Cost per Lin. Foot Quantity Cost
3 ft $460
4 ft $625
5 ft $750
6 ft $950
7 ft $1,100
8 ft $1,500
9 ft $1,800
NHI 6.14