Design 3 College of Architecture Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas The Catholic University of The Philippines

Design 3
College of Architecture
Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas
The Catholic University of the Philippines
Prepared by:
Architect Emilio M. Garrido
Physical properties of a school, consisting
of the grounds, buildings, and the various
facilities within the school grounds and
inside the school buildings.
 Educational facilities provides the proper school
environment most conducive to effective teaching and
learning
 Functional and effective educational facilities are

achieved through comprehensive educational facility
planning and design process prepared by all
stakeholders in education in the community:
 Stakeholders: administrative decision-makers, parents,

business and community leaders, technical people,
teachers, school administrators, and pupils/students;
 ERGONOMICS factors:
 ANTHROPOMETRY
 THERMAL COMFORT
 VISUAL COMFORT
 ACOUSTICAL COMFORT
 COLOR
 SAFETY
Design considerations for
Educational Facilities for Basic Education
 Ergonomics pertains to  The ergonomics of the

the laws or theories of educational facilities
energy expenditure. involves such factors as:
 It involves the study of  anthropometry,

the efficiency of persons  thermal comfort,
in their working  visual comfort,
environment:  acoustical comfort,
 color,
o efficient performance of  and safety.
teaching-learning tasks.
 Anthropometry is a  The basic body

science of measuring the measurement is the
human body, its parts and standing height of the
functional capabilities. individual.
 An important principle in  For designing school

the ergonomics of the facilities, two types of
educational facilities is part-body measurements
that it shall be designed are required:
and scaled to fit the sizes  Static Measurements
of their users  Dynamic Measurements
 Static Measurements :
based purely on the
dimensions of body  Hip-width
parts:  Shoulder-width
 Height of elbow
 Lower leg (from heel to (standing and seated)
the popliteus)  Thickness of thigh
(seated)
 Upper leg (from
popliteus to back of  Eye-height (seated and
standing)
buttock)
 Dynamic
Measurements:
based on what can be
performed :
 Forward reach of the  Lower reach of the arms

arms
 Upper reach of the  Height of hand
arms
 Two methods in
Taking Part-Body  Measuring only the
Measurements: standing height and
then deducing the
 Measuring actually part-body
each of the whole measurements from
range of part-body it by using the
dimensions. system of
proportion
 Internal climate in the  Thermal comfort in

school shall be cool, the school is obtained
pleasant, and either by artificial
satisfying. means (electric fan,
air conditioner, etc.)
or by natural
ventilation.
 Natural ventilation
maybe obtained in the
following ways:
2. Designing school
1. Proper orientation of buildings with wide
school buildings to overhanging eaves to
minimize solar heat loads provide shade
– longer side on North-South
orientation
 Natural ventilation
maybe obtained in 4. Providing adequate
the following ways: fenestration to allow the
maximum amount of
wind.
3. Keeping buildings as
narrow as possible so
that breezes can blow 5. Planting trees with a
through the rooms. large foliage mass along
the sides of the building –
not too close nor too far.
 Active solutions (electric fans or air-

conditioning units) should only be
back-up solutions.
 Indicated when  Good lighting,

students and teachers whether by natural
can carry on classroom daylight or artificial
work without light, is characterized
unnecessarily by the quantity and
straining their eyes or quality of illumination.
experiencing visual
discomfort
 Quantity of Light:
The recommended
levels of illumination
for classrooms:
 For a standard  For most tasks common

classroom, minimum to schoolrooms, from 20
illumination level of 10 to 40 foot candles;
foot candles;
 Quantity of Light:
Recommended levels of  Reading pencil writing :

illumination for finer 70 foot candles
classroom tasks:
 Reading good duplicated
 Reading printed materials: materials : 30 foot candles
30 foot candles
 Reading poor duplicated
materials: 100 foot candles
 In terms of watt:
 four (4) 40-watt/six (6) 40-watt, or
 eight (8) 40-watt fluorescent lamps
are sufficient standard

requirement to achieve visual acuity.
Generally, the quantity of light in a classroom

depends on the following conditions:
(1) natural illumination (design and size of

windows);
(2) classroom paint and size;
(3) types of building (one storey or two-storey);
(4) climatic conditions;
(5) ceiling height.
 How to Achieve
Visual Comfort in  Wide, Provide windows
School by Natural on both sides of each
Daylight: classroom to secure
daylight from both sides;
 Following proper
orientation of school  low-silled, and high-
buildings to provide topped window to insure
adequate indirect maximum daylight ;
daylight;
 How to Achieve  Providing proper shading

Visual Comfort in to avoid glare inside the
School by Natural classrooms; and
Daylight:
 Size of classroom (as to
distance of blackboard up
 Proper combination and
to the low row seat).
intensity of colors in
classrooms;
 A good environment for acoustical

comfort in school requires that noise be
controlled to proper levels
 Four sources of sounds 3. Intrusive sounds from

inside classroom: adjoining classrooms:
voices of other teachers
and students, sounds of
1. The voice of his own
activities of children, etc.;
teacher;
and
2. Background sounds :
4. External sounds such as
chairs scrapping,
vehicles, airplanes, birds
sounds of movement
chirping, dogs barking,
from nearby children,
etc.
etc.;
 Ways of Achieving
Acoustic Comfort
 Locating the school in  Proper zoning of the

a quiet neighborhood; school site to separate
noisy areas from those
where silence is required;
 Locating the school
and
building at a
reasonable distance
from the street;
 Ways of Achieving Acoustic Comfort
 Group buildings according to function…
so that academic buildings, where silence is

required, are located at a reasonable distance
from shop, home economics, and other buildings
where noisy activities take place normally.

Design 3 College of Architecture Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas The Catholic University of The Philippines

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Design 3 College of Architecture Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas The Catholic University of The Philippines

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Design 3

 Functional and effective educational facilities are

 Stakeholders: administrative decision-makers, parents,

 Ergonomics pertains to  The ergonomics of the

 It involves the study of  anthropometry,

 Anthropometry is a  The basic body

 An important principle in  For designing school

 Forward reach of the  Lower reach of the arms

 Internal climate in the  Thermal comfort in

 Active solutions (electric fans or air-

 Indicated when  Good lighting,

 For a standard  For most tasks common

Recommended levels of  Reading pencil writing :

are sufficient standard

Generally, the quantity of light in a classroom

(1) natural illumination (design and size of

 How to Achieve  Providing proper shading

 A good environment for acoustical

 Four sources of sounds 3. Intrusive sounds from

 Locating the school in  Proper zoning of the

 Ways of Achieving Acoustic Comfort

 Group buildings according to function…

so that academic buildings, where silence is

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