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 • • aulblblllty d•- or soil•
J. Cla#A : good land that can be cultivated safe and
extensively to most aops with ordinary good
farming practices
2. 0.- B : good land which can be cultivated safely
using easily applied conservation practice.s
3. Class C: moderately good land that can be used
regularly for cultivated aops in good rotation but
needs intensive soil conservation treatments

"· Oa• D. fairly good land that is best suited for

posture but which con be used for ogriculturol
crops In good rotation provided Intensive soil
conservation practices are applied
5. Cla• L : land that is flat but is too wet or--stony
and therefore more suited to pasture or forestry
6. Class#. land that is too steep, ero!;led or shallow
for ailtivation c:I regular agriailt(,r\ l crops and is
better left to pasture forestry
7. Oa• N : land that is very steep, eroded, rough,
shallow or dry and is better suited to pasture
forestry if handled carefully
8. C/11# X : level lend that is wet most of the time
and cannot be drained economically; best suited fOf
ponds or recreational areas
9. Qass r. land that Is too steep, eroded, barren and
Review Questions in Soil Science
rugged and should be lert for wilclife or parks

-----------End of Soil Science----· --------------- 1. A dynamic natural body on the earth's surface composed of both
living and non-living materials where plants can grow
a. Soil profile
b. Soil
c. Soil horizon
GreenEMP IRE PH ( wwiv.Jacebook. comlgreenempirepJ,) 56
 d. Soil pedon b. Phosphorus
2. The study of soil from the standpoint of higher plants or plant c. Potassium
production d. Calcium
a. Petrology 8. Component of amino adds such as methionine, cystein, and cystine
b . Edaphology and Is usually deficient in waterlogged soils.
C:- Pedology -!!.:. Sulfur
d. Physiology b. Calcium
3. The size or this soil particle is less than 1 1,1m. c. Magnesium
!- Soil colloids d . Copper
b. Silt '-9. The soil is called a ___ because it comes from the weathering
C. Sand of naturally occurring rocks and minerals.
d . Organic matter a. Dynamic body
4. Nitrification carried out by autotrophic bacteria is not affected by L Natural body
which of the following? c. Natural resource
a. Temperature d. Weathered rock
b. pH 10. Needed in chlorophyll synthesis and usually deficient in alkaline
c. Oxygen supply soil.
d . Redox potential a. Iron
5. In relation to crop production, dayey soils are known to be l>. Zin c
a. easy to cultivate c. Molybdenum
b. more fertile than sand d. Boron
'c. low water holding capacity 11. Needed in the synthesis of auxin and is usually deficient In
d. high percolation rate waterlogged soils.
6. A soil consists or the three components, namely: solid, liquid and a . Iron
gas
a. the solid is composed of Inorganic matter and organic
matter
- b . Zinc
c . Molybdenum
d. Copper
b. the liquid Is a solution with dissolved i ons in it 12. Rocks formed by cooling and solidification of molten magma and
c . the gas component is about 80% nitrogen gas ( N2) lava in the crust
d. all of the above a. Extrusive rocks
7. This macronutrient is not a component of any organic molecule in b. Igneous rocks
the plant; its function is more catalytic in nature and usually c. Sedimentary rocks
deficient in coarse-textured soils. d. Intrusive rocks
a. Nitrogen 13. Individual soil layers or layers parallel to the ground surface.
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 a. Profile b. The pores are interconnected channels to other pores
b. Pedon c. Water and air oc01py the pores
c. Horizon d . All of the above
<l Solum 20. Rocks that are formed when magma did not reach the earth's
14. What is the moisture regime of the soil Tropaquepts which are surface but solidities in the cavities or cracks that the magma had
Inceptisols that are found in the tropics? made by pushing the surrounding rock apart or by melting or
a. ustic dissolving it.
.!>• aquic a . Extrusive rocks
c. arldic !?.: Intrusive rocks
d. xeric c . Granitic rocks
15. The non-crystalline organic colloidal fraction of the soil. d . Basaltic rocks
a . Organic material 21. Loose earth materials above solid rock
~ - Humus a. Regollth
c. aay b. Solum
d . Silt c. Pedon
16. Soil microorganism that degrade carbon - containing pesticide are d . Profile
considered :U. Haplauents are young soils with minimal development ln what
a. Phototrophs order, does the soil belong?
b . Olemotrophs a . Entisols
_s.. Heterotrophs b. lnceptisols
d. Autotrophs C. Molllsols
17. The most abundant gas in the soil atmosphere is d. Vertisols
a. c~ '23. The Philippine adopts the _ _ _ _ Soll aassification System
b. 02 a . United States Department of AgriaJlture (USDA)
£· N2 b. Food and AgriaJlture (FAQ)
d . Ar c. International Society of Soil Science (ISSS)
18. The physicist who formulated the law governing the rate of d . British Soil Oassil'ication System (BSCS)
settling partides in viscous medium 24. A soil horizon is defined as _ _ __
a. Jenny a. The depth of l'inely divided soil mineral over bed rock
b. Dokuchaev b. A soil layer that differs in recognized properties from other
C. Lal layers below
...!1.: Stoke c. The slope of the soil surface relative to the horizon
19. Under its natural ocamence a soil is aggregated and porous d . All of the above
a . An aggregate is composed of millions of Individual partides 25. Soil texture that would be best for growing lowland rice
GrccnEMPIRE PH (www.facebook.com/gree11empireph ) ~8
 a . sandy loam c . high percolation rate
b. day d . all of the above
C:-- sitty loam 32. These are naturally ocrurring inorganic substances with fairly
d. silty sand definite chemical composition and specific physical properties
26. A sedimentary rock which is a recemented day a . Rocks
a. Conglomerate b. Igneous rocks
b. Sandstone c . Primary mineral
c. Siltstone d . Minerals
d . Shale 33. A so7T order characterized as embryonic soil with few diagnostic
27. A soii order characterized as shrinking and swelling dark day soils features
a . Gelisols a. All'isols
b . Vertisols b. Spodosol
c. Inceptisol c. Inceptisol
d . Entisols a. Entisols
28. It is an amorphous or less crystalline day developed from volcanic 34. In strongly add soils, the availability of most miaonubient cations
ash . Is
a . Allophane a. Increased
6:- Iron oxide b. Decreased
c . Kaolinite c . Not affected
d . Montmorillonite ,.cl. Remains the same
29. The biodlemical oxidation of ammonium to nitrate, predominantly ~s. Generally, fine-textured soils are characterized to have
by autotrophic bacteria. I a. low water holding capacity
a . Denitrification b. high ability to supply plant nutrients
b. Ammonium fixation c. low total surface area
c. Nitrification d . high percolation rate
d. Immobilization 36. The relative distribution of sand, silt, and day is called soil _ _.
30. An example of physical weathering process is a . Texture
a. Exfoliation b. Structure
b. Hydrolysis c. cation exchange capacity
c. Hydration d. pH
d . Oxidation 37. Minerals that are crystallized from the cooling or magma
31. Generally, coarse-textured soils are characterized as soils with a. Primary minerals
a. low water holding capacity b. Secondary minerals
b . low total surface area c. Quartz
GrccnEMPIRE PH (www.faceboolc.ro111/gree11e111pirepl,) 59
 d. Tertiary minerals 44. The primary source of calcium in the soil
38. Andepts are soils that were derived from volcanic activity and a. Gypsum
were originally classified as lnceptisols. What is the new order of b. Hematite
these soils? c. Shale
a. Gelisols d . Calcite
2.,... Andisols 45. An example of a 2:1 expanding type or sillcate mineral.
c. Oxisols a . Halloysite
d . Verti sols b. Kaolinite
39. It belongs to the 1:1 non-expanding type of silicate day mineral. c. lllite
a. Vermirulite d . Montmorillonite
b . lllite 46. Mostof the N in the solid fraction of the soil is in the form or
_g, Kaolinite a . Ammonium N
d. Montmorillonite b . Nitrate N
40. The percent water remaining in soil 2 to 3 days after it had b een c. Nitrite N
saturated and the free drainage had practically ceased d . Organic N
a . Hygroscopic water e molten IT_),ass where igneous rocks solidify from Is:
b. Permanent wilting point a. Core'
c. Plant availability water b. Magm a
g,:.. Field capacity
41. The study of rock
a. Pedology
b. Rockology
c. Petrology
A c.' Mantle
d. Soil
48. The decomposition of the complex substances of rocks and
minerals resulting to changes in chemical composition, release of
soluble materials and formation of new minerals.
a. Hydrology a. Exfoliation
42. Which of these soils has the most rapid percolation rate? b. Weathering
a . sandy soils c. Chemical weathering
l>. silty soils cf. Physical weathering
c. dayey soils 49. The general term for the process whereby ions adsorbed on the
d. none of the above surface of soil colloids are exchanged for ions in the soil solution.
43. Soil texture refers to the coarseness or fineness of a soil a. An ion exchange
..!!· sand is gritty b. Cation exchange
b . silt is sticky and plastic c. Ion exchange
c. day is smooth d. lsomorphous substitution
d . all of the above
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50. It refers to the amount of exchangeable cations per unit weight of 56. A subsoil with high day accumulation is written in symbol as
dry soil. a. Bt
a . Anion exchange capacity b. Btc
b. Base saturation c. Q
S- Cation exchange capacity d. Qt
d . Exchangeable acidity 57. The source or permanent negative charge of days.
51. Nitrate Is not removed from the soil system by wh ich or the a . Anion exchange
following' b . Cation exchange
l!L- Nitrogen fertilization c. Isomorphous substitution
b. Erosion d . Protonation
c. leaching 58. The source or positive charge of silicate days.
d. Plant uptake a . Anion exchange
52. Metamorphosis Is caused by b. Cation exchange
a . Leaching c. lsomorphous substitution
b. Earthquake d . Protonation
c. High pressure and temperature 59. Miaoaerophll~c microorganisms require
d. Roods a. Extremely high oxygen level
53. It refers to the arrangement or primary soil partid es Into b. No oxygen level
seconclary units or aggregates .s,.. Minimal oxygen level
a . soil consistency d. High oxygen level
b. soil texture 60. The weathered parent material corresponds to this horizon
£,. soil structure a. AB
d . soil density b. E
54. This regime has mean annual soil temperature of 15't or higher c. C
but lower than 22 't. d. ABC
a. Oyic 61. These are natural soil aggregates
b. Mesic a. Pebbles
s_ Thermic b. Oods
d. Hyperthermic c. Peds
55. The weathering that takes place below the soil solum d. Granules
a. Pedochemical weathering 62. A mean annual temperature of 8 't or higher but lower than 15 't
~ Geochemical weathering defines th is soil temperature regime
c . Physical weathering a. Thermlc
d . Exfoliation b . Mesic
GrcenEMPIRE PH (www.f acebook. com/gree11empireph) 61
 c. Hyperthermic c. platy
d. Cryic d. aumb
63. This compound reacts with carbonic add forming a more soluble 69. In relation to crop production dayey soils are known to be
bicarbonate. Its reaction contributes to the weathering process. tt. sticky to aJltivate
a. Hydration b . fertile than sand
b. Hydrolysis c. high water holding capacity than sand
c. Carbonation d. all of the above
d. Solution 70. Themean annual soil temperature is 22 t: or higher
64. This horizon is plowed and rich in humus. It will be designated as a. Mesic
_ horizon. ~ b. Hyperthermic
!!· Ap c. Thermic
b. Bt d. Cryic
c. a: 71. A R~ssian pedologist who published the first soil forming factor
d . All of above equation
65. A 25 gram soil saturated with 5 me ca 2• has a cation exchange a Lafinikov
capacity equal to b. Jennykov
a. 5 me/100 g soil -c. Gerasmov
T
b. 25 me Ca/100 g soil d. Dokuchaev
c . 10 me Ca/100 g soil 72. Compute the% base saturation of a soil with a CEC ot 100
,!L 20 me Ca/100 g soil me/100 g and whose exchange sites are occupied by 20 me/100 g
66. The principal form of nitrogen utilized during rapid plant growth or basic cations.
period is 1!.:. 20%
a. N2 b. 25%
~ ~ ~ ~
c. NH2 -~- d. 68%
d . NH◄+ 73. The relationship of percent base saturation and soil pH
67. The true soil corresponds to horizon a. %BS increases as soil pH decreases
a. A,B,C b. %BS decreases as soil pH increases
b. A,B,C,D c. %BS decreases as soil pH decreases
c. C d . %BS decreases does not artect soil pH
_g. A,B 74. Partide density is a stable soil property and most agricultural soils
68. Characteristic soil structure of sandy soils would have partide densities dose to this value
a single-grained a. 1.33 g/an 3
b. massive b. 2.66 g/an 3
(;rp n J:;MPln J:; PH f www f11rPhnnl· rnm lor1>P11Pmnir1>11l1\ f,']
 C. 1.65 g/crn' d . 5111
1
d. 2.33 g/crn 81. In the soil profile, parent material of soil is usually located in
75. The fitness of a given type of land for specified kind of land use. a. Topmost
!!.: Land suitability b. Lowest part
b. Land mapping unit c. Middle
c. Land quality d . Any place
d . Land utilization type 82. The general form of nutrients taken up by plants is
76. The most innuential factor In soil formation a. Molecules
a . Biosphere b . Nutrients
E.: Oimate c. Compounds
c. Parent material d . Ions
d. llme 83. Iron oxide mineral that contribute red color to many soils.
77. ___ are chemical elements taken up by plants in large '-a. Ollorite
qu antitles. b. Hematite
a. Essential elements c. Flouroapatite
b . Maaonutrients d. Quartz
Z Trace elements 84, The mi ner, supplying P Is
d . Micronutrients a, Feldspar
78. Which of the following process i s not mediated by soil ".!!,... Apatite
miaoorganisms? \ .,c. Talc
a. N mineralization d. Pyrite
~ P Immobilization 85. Soil grown to corn is best cultivated when the soil consistency is
c. S oxidation a. Plastic
d. Biological nitrogen fixation b. Hard
79. Soil texture could be determined by f: Friable
a. "feet• method d. Viscous
b. pipette method 86. Soil texture could be determined in the laboratory by
c. hydrometer method a. ammonium acetate method
lh. all of the above b. buoyancy method
80. The minimum size of delineation is 0.2 hectare to 4 hectare. The ;:- hydrometer method
order of soil survey is d. none of the above
A 1• 87. The minimum size of delineation is 16 ha t o 259 ha. The order of
b. 3 rd soil survey i s
C. 4111 a . 1•
GrccnEMPIRE PH (www.fa cebook. com/greenempireplr) 63
 b . 411> d . 0.02 mm
S,. 3rd 94. Represent areas that should be permanently retained as forest
d. 511> environment
88. Soil formation slows down because of constant mixing within the a . Agriwltural areas
profile, nullifying the colloid movement downward by b . Preservation areas
a. Plant roots Z' Expansion areas
~ Burrowing animals d. Rehabilitation areas
c. Leaching 95. Movement of material out of a portion of a soil profile as in an
d . Hydration albic horizon.
89. The lowest category of the US Soil Taxonomy Is a. Illuviation
a . Order b. Eluviation
b. subgroup ~ leaching
c . Great group d. Enrichment
_g_,_ Series 96. This will retard soil profile development because it exposes new
90. The form of nitrogen taken up by plants from the soil. materials
a N02 a. LOIN rainfall
b . NH3 b . Steep Slopes
~ NH.• ~high temperature
d. N2 d . All of the above
91. What do you expect when you increase OM of the soil? 97. Water deposited sediments are called
!!.:- Decrease the amount of N to apply a . Colluvlal deposits
b. Increase the amount of N to apply b . Alluvial deposits
c. Maintain the amount or N to apply c. Glacial deposits
d. None ot the above d . Aeolian deposits
92. Calwlate the gravimetric moisture content or the soil sample tr its- 98. The major form of nitrogen in the soil is
fresh weight (FW) is 25 g and its oven dry weight (ODW) is 20 g. a. Organic
a. 10% b. Elemental
b. 15% c. Inorganic
c. 20% d. Available
d. 25% 99. An element which ls an Important component or plant cell wall.
93. Theupper diameter size limit or day partides is a. Nitrogen
a 2.0mm b . Phosphorus
_!t. 0.002mm s- Calcium
c. 0.2 mm d . Magnesium
GrccnEMPIRE PH (ww11-Jocebook.comlgree11empireph) 64
100. Non-symbiotic N2 fixing organisms in lowland soil. _!!: Desalinization
a. Actinomycetes c . Calcification
~ Bacteria d . Salinization
c. Cyanobacterla 107. The smallest volume that can be called a soil individual.
d. Fungi a. Soil profile
101. The resistance ot a mineral to abrasion is b. Regollth
Jb Hardness c. Pedon
b. Luster d. Polypedon
c. Specific gravity 108. The conversion or ammonium rorm or nitrogen to nitrate.
d. Oeavage
102. The softest mineral is : : :!!:~:tion
a. Diamond c. Denitrification
b . Talc d. Volatilization
-Z Quartz 09. The hardest mineral is
d. Apatite a . Diamond
103. Available water capacity is calallated as b. T~ c
a. Saturation or maximum holding minus permanent wilting c. Quartz
point d . ¥ atite
b. Saturation or maximum holding minus hygr~scopic 11\ If the field capacity or the soil is 35% and the permanent wilting
coefficient \ point is 25%, the available water in the soil is
c. Field capacity minus permanent wilting point 1L 10%
c( Field capacity minus hygroscopic coefficient b. 15%
104. The upper diameter size limit or silt partide Is c. 20%
a . 0.02 mm d . 25%
b. 2.0 mm 111. Soil textural dass wherein sand, silt and day are in almost equal
c. 0.2 mm proportion in a soil mass
d . 0.0002 mm a. Sand
105. The upper diameter size limit of sand partides is b. Silt
a. 0.2 mm £.. Loam
b. 0.02 mm d . aay
c. 2.0 mm 112. The transformation ot raw organic material to humus
d. 0.002 mm a. Humification
106. The removal ot soluble salts from salic horizon b. Leucinlzation
a. Decalcification c. Addition
GrccnEMPIRE PH (wwwJacebook.c o111/gree11empirepl,) 65
 d. Paludization b. Leaching
113. The highest category in US :Soll Taxonomy. c. Podzollzation
a. great group _!!. EJuviation
..12..
order 120. Organic soils that exhibit or possess a histlc eplpedon belong to
c. suborder the order
d. series a. Mollisols
114. The microorganism responsible ror the conversion of ammonium b. Histoso/s
to nitrite. c. Oxisols
a. Nltrosomonas d. Ultisols
b. Azotobacter 121. One of the following is immobile in plants
c. Mycorrhizae a. Nitrogen
d. Nltrobacter b. Potassium
115. Considered as zone or eluvlatlon c . Calcium
a. AB d. Sulfur
b. E 122. This is not an element of dimate
c. C J!.· Relief
d . ABC b. j reQPitation
116. This mineral is hardly soluble in water c;. Temperature
a. Talc /4. Sunshine
b. Quartz 123. The physicist who formulated the law governing the movement
c. Gypsum of water in the soil
d . Auorlte a. Stoke
117. The ideal bulk density value ot a soil b. Dokuchaev
a. 2.33 g/cm1 c. Darcy
b. 1.33 g/cm 1 r Aristotle
C. 1.65 g/cm 1 124. Characteristic feel of sand separates when rubbed in between
d. 2.66 g/cm1 the finger is
118. The chemical migration of Al and Fe and/or organic matter a. Gritty
a. Ferrugination b. Floury
b. Podzollzation c. Stidcy when moist
c. Laterization d. All of the above
d. Gleization 125. Consists of sand in ridges and intervening troughs that shi~ with
119. The movement or material out ,o r a portion of soil profile. the wind
a. llluviation a. Beaches
Green EMPIRE PH I 11·11·11•.fnrpbnnk. rnml, ree11e11mireolt\ (,(i
 b. Duneland 131. Bio-N is a biotertilizer whldl enhances shoot growth and root
c. Pits development of host crop. Who developed Bio-N?
d. Riverwash a . Dr. Erlinda Paterno
126. These are miaoorganisms that can grow at high temperatures ~ Dr. Bayani Espiritu
(◄St and 7St:). c. Dr. Reynaldo Ebora
a. Psydlrophiles d. Dr. Ida Dalmado
b. Thermophlles 132. Parent material deposited in lakes is referred to as
c. Pedophiles a. Alluvium
d. Mesophiles b . Marine
127. A combination of all the management and land use methods to c. lacustrine
safeguard the soil against depletion, loss and deterioration by d. Tuff
ni!tural and/or man-induced factors. 133. Identify the soil physical property that is not readily subject to
a. Soil Science ch ange, so it is considered a basic soil property
b. Pedology a. soil structure
c. Soil Conservation and Management b . soil texture
a. Universal Soil loss Equation c. buJl<'dp sity
128. Soil moisture and temperature regimes are corramonly used In d . soil COior
what category of the US Soil Taxonomy? 134, Soils with very little development. The profile properties are
.l!: Suborder largely inherited from parent material .
b . Order a. Entisol
,,.-
c. Great group b. Vertisol
d. Family c. Aridisol
129. The microorganism responsible for the conversion 6f nitrite to d. Molllsol
nitrate. 135. Characteristic feel of day separates when rubbed in between the
a. Nitrobacter finger Is
b. Azotobacter a. Gritty
c. Mycorrhlzae b. Floury
d. Nitrosomonas ,S, Sticky
130. Temporary unavailability or nitrogen in the soil because it is d. All or the above
being used up by microorganisms to build their tissues. 136. Characteristic feel of silt separates when rubbed In between the
a. Ammonification finger is
J?.:_ Immobilization a. Gritty
c. Mineralization _g. Floury
d. Nitrification C. Sticky
GreenEMPIRE PH (11ww.facebook.comll{reenempireph) 67
 d . All of the above c . Nitrification
137. Bacteria with flagella all around the cell, with one or two at each d. Volatilization
pore 143. The loss or nitrogen to the atmosphere in the form or ammonia.
a . Atrichous a. Ammonification
b . Lopotrichous b. Denitrification
c. Amphitrichous c. Nitrification
cf. Peritrichous d . Volatilization
138. Residues of living things in all state of decomposition whose 144. What soil order predominates in the Philippines?
influence on the soil properties is very significant even if present ~ Ultisols
in very small amount. b . Vertisols
a . Inorganic matter c. Entisols
~ Organic matter d . Histosols
c. Soil air 145. Wbich of these processes contribute to global warming?
d. Soil solid t Nitrogen fixation
139. The most abundant element in the earth's aust is b. Mineralization
a. Ca c. I mmobilization
b. Ti d. Organic matter decomposition
c. Si 146. The most abundant elements in the earth austs are
cl N a. N, S, K, Ca, Mg
140. A master horizon that shows accumulation or d~osition of either ~ - C,S,O, N, P, K
day, silt, salts or other materials Is c. Fe, Al, S, N, P
a. B LO, Si, Al, Fe, Ca
b. C 147. Wh ich of the following is a secondary mineral?
c. A a. Montmorillonite
d. R b. Quartz
141. Soil with high day content and base saturation, fertile, not C. Feldspar
cracking and can support good crop growth is d. Olivine
a. Ultisols 148. Which of the following is not a soil forming factor?
b. Oxisols a. Oimate
C. Alfisols b . Organism
d. Andisols c. Time
142. It is the conversion or organic to inorganic forms or nitrogen. d . Soil color
a. Ammonification 149. So7isor the arid regions with limited change in parent material
b . Mineralization due to low dimatic intensity.
GrccnEMPIRE PR (wwwJacebook.comlgree11empireph) 68
 a. Entisol a. NH 4 fixation
b. Spodosol b. P fixation
c. Aridisol <;.. N2 fixation
a. Mollisol d. K fixation
150. Soils with friable surface horizons darkened by organic matter 156. In the absence of 0 21 nitrate Is used by farultative baderia as
accumulations. their electron acceptor; N03 is therefore reduced and lost in the
a. Entisol form of
~ Mollisol a. NH/
c. Inceptisol b . N02-
d. Arldisol c. N2
151. Which of the following is not a soil structure? a. N
a. Oay In flooded solls, nitrate undergoes reduction and lost as gas in a
o. Crumb process termed as
c . Platy a. denitrification
d. Sub-angular blocky b. nitrogen fixation

r
152. The highest gas composition of soil air. c. nitritkation
a. N2 d. volatilization
i>'. Ar 158. During OM decomposition, the released N Is utilized by
c. co, miaOOfganlsms for the formation of new cells. This process is
d. 0 2 called
153. The element whidl contributes to phosphorus fixation at high a. mineralization
soil pH. b. nitrification
a. Aluminum c. immobilization
b. calcium d. denitrification
c. Iron 159. The basic elements lost In weathering are
d. Manganese a. Fe, P
154. Aside from neutralizing soil acidity, lime like caC01 may also b . ca, Mg
a. Improve soil structure -;. Zn, Mn
b. Improve soil texture d. K, P
c. Inaease CEC 160. Soils that are described to be self-plowing because of the large
d. Both A and C aacks formed upon drying
155. Rxation of elements usually converts the elements from ..!- Vertisol
available to unavailable forms. Whidl of these processes render b. Alfisol
the element from unavailable to available form? c. Ultisol
GrccnEMPIRE PH (wwwJacebook.comlgreenempireph) 69
 d. Oxisol 167. Pedon is the smallest volume that can be observed for purposes
161. Soil densities and porosities are affected by soil texture and soil of soil dassffication. What is its range of dimension?
structure. Which of the following statement is true? a. 1-2 m 2
a . Porosity increases with increasing bulk density b . 1-10 m 2
b. Soil compaction increases bulk density c. 8-12 m 2
~ Soil aggregation increases bulk density d . 10-20 m 2
d. None of the above 168. Soil temperature regimes are d assified based on the normal
162. P • P205 multiplied by __ prevailing temperature ot the site. If the temperature is usually
a. 0.34 greater than 21 't, the soil belongs to
b . 0.43 a Cryic
c. 0.54 b . Hyperthermic
d . 0.45 c. Thermic
163. The ____ contains dissolved electrolytes, non-electrolytes, d. Mesic
ions, etc. 169. The element which fixes phosphorus at low soil pH.
a. Soil organic matter a. Calcium
b . Soil solution b . Aluminum
c.' Soil air c. Magnesium
d. Soil solid d. Potassium
164. The study of the mechanical behavior or soils. 170. The measure of alkalinity or basidty or the soil
a. Soil physics a. Acid saturation
b. Soil microbiology b . Base saturation
C. Soil chemistry c. CEC
d. Soil mechanics d . pH
165. The mineral matter component of soils makes up about 171. Which or the following causes soil acidity?
a. 25% a . Green manuring
b. 30% b . Irrigation
C. 50% c. Leaching of bases
_g. 45% if. Liming
166. In ,oil profile description, soil coatings or cutans must be 172. Soils with high buffering capacity are genen1lly those which are
property observed. Which of the following is a cutan name? a. Sandy soil with tow organic matter
a. iron coatings b . Oayey with high organic matter
b. Ferran C:- Sandy with high organic matter
c . Slickensides d. Oayey with low organic matter
d . Both a and c
r-: ........ ... ~ \ Anlnr. ntt , . . .. . ,. . . r .. ..... 1. ...., 1. ,,.. _ __ 1_. _ _ ____ _ ____ _ _., . .. • . 1. ,
173. Which or the rollowlng soil miaoorganisms Is the most numerous 179. When the soil is nocculated, it means that the soil has a high
in soils? amount of
a . Bacteria a. Phosphorus
"6'. Fungi b. Potassium
c. Virus c. Calcium
d . Actinomycetes d. Nitrogen
174. Parent material that has formed by weathering or bedrock in 180. The major source of most of the organic matter in soil
place is a. Rocks and minerals
a. Transported b. Bodies or dead animals and insects
..!?:- Residual _s. Plant residues
c. Larustrine d. Band C
d . Eoline 181. Type of silicate day with two or more linked tetrahedra
175. Soils with extremely high amount amounts of organic matt.er a. Sorosilicates
a. Mollisol b. Nesosilicates
£:, Histosol c. Cydosillcates
c. Aridisol d. Te<:tosillcates
d. Ultisol 182. Rock d assification that are laid down by water
176. Soils round in cold regions a. Metamorph ic rocks
a. Aridisol b . Sedimentary rocks
b. Spodosol i!: Gravitational rocks
£: Gelisol d. Mechanical rocks
d. Alfisol 183. A metamorphosed limestone produces
177. One hectare furrow slice (HFS) is equal to a. Shale
a. 6 X 101 kg _!!.. Marble
b. 3 X 106 kg c. Dolomite
c . 2 X 106 kg d . Schist
d. 6 x 10 2 kg 184. Which is a more detailed map?
178. The nutrient element that is easily lost and mostly required by ,!!, 1:5,000
plants. b . 1:50,000
a. Nitrogen C. 1:15,000
b. Phosphorus d . 1:10,000
c. Sulfur 185. In mapping, the base map in which the survey data will be
d . Calcium transferred and ultimately be presented is
a. Land Use map
r:r,.."'n f:;ttAPID h PR /u-w11• r,,,,p/11,nl• r11 m / c,ppp11pmnirPnh) 71
 b. Soil map b. Decomposing OM
c. Fertility map c. Soil microorganism
..d, Topographic map d . Plant roots
186. Soil color is described using hue, value and chroma. In the soil 192. This soil category defines largely on the basis of physical and
color notation 4 YR 3/6, the hue is mineralogical properties importance to plant growth.
a. A. 4 Y a. SUbgroup
b. 3 b. Soil series
c. 4 YR c . Great group
cf. 6 d. Family
187. In 10R 2/5 color notation, the value is 193. In continuous flooding such as in waterlogged lowland rice, there
a. 10R Is a decrease in the availability of these essential elements.
.!?, 2 ~- Zn, S and Cu
c. 10 j- N, Pand K
d. 5 C. Ca, Mg and s
188. Soil mineralogy is commonly used in identifying names at thi s d. C, Hand N
cat.egory 194. Which of the ronowlng Is called the white mica?
a. Order a. Muscovite
b. Great group b. IRite
c'.' Family c . Montmorillonite
d . Series .,d . Kaolinite
189. The ability or the soil to resist pH change 195. The dark color of igneous rocks is usually caused by
a. Base saturation ~ Ferromagnesian minerals
_!?. Buffering capacity b . Quartz
c. CEC c. Feldspar
d . Neutralization reaction d. Calcite
190. Which of the following manures contains the highest amount of 196. Current record on the total numbers of Soil Orders as of 2009
nitrogen? a. 100
a. Bat b. 47
b. Cattle c. 12
c. Goat d. >1000
d . Poultry 197. Number of soil orders found in the Philippines, as of 2009
191. In the list given below, identify the potential source or toxins In a. 11
the soil. b. 12
J!,. Sewer sludge
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c. 7
72
 d. 10 ,!!.. 50%
198. It refers to grouping of soils in an orderly manner so that their b. 25%
properties can be easily remembered C. 5%
a. soil science d . 75%
b. soil classification 204. Bulk density is a good indicator of soil degradation
c. land suitability a . Bulk density does not change with poor soil cultivation
d. soil topography practices
199. The process of dassifying soil types and other properties in a b . Inaeasing bulk density indicates deteriorating soil physical
given area condition
a. soil science c. Deaeasing bulk density Indicates deteriorating soil physical
b. soil dassification condition
~ soil survey d. None of the above
d. soil map 205. Type of soil structure that is best for growing upland crops
200. Studies the field observable attributes of the soil within the !,. Crumb
various soil horizons and the deSO"iption of the kind and b. Massive
arrangement of the horizons c. Platy
a. Soil Physics d . Loam
b. Soil Fertility 206, Th e soil structure of a compacted plow soil is
~ Soil Morphology a. Platy
d. Soil Taxonomy b. Crumb
201. Refers to the vertical cross sections of the earth which shows the c. Massive
differ81t soil horizons d. Loam
a. soil profile 207. Which of the following is an igneous rode?
b. horizon a. Granite
c. pedon b. Limestone
d. polypedon c. Shale
202. A collection of soil indlvldual essentially uniform in differentiating d . Sandstone
characteristics and in arrangement ot horizons 208. A mineral that is composed of SiOi
!:. Series a. Tourmaline
b. Family b. Gypsum
c. Sub groups c. Quartz
d. Great !J'OUPS d. Apatite
203. A soil with a bulk density of 1.3 g/cm 3 and a partide density of 209. Wind deposited parent materials
2.60 g/cm 3 will have a porosity of a . Lacustrine
GrecnEMPIRB PH (11·11·11•Jacebook. romlgree11empirepl,) 73
 b . Alluvium a. caco1
c . Tuff b . cao
d. Aeolian c . caMg(C03h
210. The major source of all Pin soils d . ca(0H )2
a. Kaolinite 216. The lime produced by hydrating calcium oxide Is
b . Feldspar a. caC01
c. Dolomite b . cao
g_. Apatite c. caMg(C01h
211. Profile depths vary depending on what type of soil fonnation g. ca(0Hh
took place and what present material was the source or origin. ~ 217. One of the major gaseous products of OM decomposition under
What is the standard depth or profile used for description anaerobic soil conditions.
a. 1 m a. 0 2
b. l.Sm b. CO2
£:.. 2 m c. CH 4
d . less than 1 m d. CH1CH1
212. Plowing or cultivation has a great impact on soil formation. 2t:8. Which amcih g the following does not form of endomycorrizial
Which horizon shows cultivation? association with fungi?
a . Bt a. Rice
b. Ap b . Orchids
C. R c. Com
d. C d. Coffee
213. Calcite weathers easily and forms a thick solum usually high in 219. The chemical element in dolomite that is not present in calcite is:
day content. If the soil exhibits shrinking and swelli ng, the order a. Mg
most likely is b. p
a. Inceptisol c. Na
b. Mollisol d. C
£... Vertisol 220. The primary mineral most likely to accumulate at the site of
d . 0xisol chemical weathering of granite is
214. It is a material used to ameliorate add soils. a. Mica
a. Fertilizer b . Muscovite
b . Gypsum c. Quartz
c. Lime d. Oay
d. Manure 221. Soil textural dasses are defined In terms of ranges in variation in
215. It is also called as burned lime. a. Structure
GrccnEMPIRE PH (wwwfacebook.comlgreenempirepl, ) 74
 b. Weathering 227. A chemical element is considered essential if
c. Texture a . It is taken up by plants
d. Drainage b. It is involved in metabolic functions in the plants
222. Properties and materials are intended to reflect features which C: It makes the plants greener
are widely recognized as oca,rring in soils and which can be used d . All of the above
to desaibe and define soil dasses 228. The physical state of the soil as it relates to plant growth is
a. Polypedons known as soil
b. Epipedons a. Texture
c. Diagnostic hOf'izons b. Consistency
d. Sub surface horizons le. TIith
223. Refers to the upper most soil horizons used in the desaiption of d. Structure
diagnostic horizons 229. Consists of maps that shows the distribution of soils, description
a. Polypedons ortt1e soils, some recommendation as to their use and
b. Epipedons management, and general information of a particular area
c. Diagnostic horizons a . Soil survey report
d . Sub surface horizons b. Oimate map
224. A man-made surface honzon that is >20 cm thick, aeated by c. r"opographic map
years of manure aca,mulation d. Soil map
a. Hlstic 230. Plants depend on the water stored in the soil
!!; Plaggen a. the upper limit of available water is saturated moisture
c. Anthropic content
d. caldc b. the upper limit of available water is hygroscopic point
225. Which of the following is true? c. the upper limit of available water is field capacity
a. dark or black color indicates high organic m atter d. all of the above
b. dark or black color indicates that the soil is high in o x i ~ 231. The reaction of a compound with carbonic add
of iron a. Hydration
c. dark or black color indicates that the soil is at oxidized b. Oxidation
state c. Carbonation
d. all of the above d. Exfoliation
226. Which of the following is true? 232. It is defined as the capacity of a liming material to neutralize
a. reddish color indicates high organic matter adds expressed as a percentage of the molecular weight of
.!!, reddish color indicates that the soil is high in oxides of Iron CaC03.
c. red<ish color Indicates that the soil is young a . Percent base saturation
d. none of the above b. Percent calcium carbonate
Green EM PIR El PH (11wll'.fnrebook.romlr!ree11e111uireuh) 75
 c. Neutralization reaction d . Weathering
d. Relative neutralizing power 239. An air dry soil weighs 15 grams. Alter oven drying, the weight
233. Soilfertility is the ability of the soil to supply nutrients in became 12.5 grams. What is the moi sture content of the soil?
a. Sufficient and balanced amount a. 20%
b. Amounts above the optimum b. 24%
c. Readily available forms c. 22%
d. All of the above d. 23%
234. Soil horizon with organic debris partially decomposed 240. Type of silicate day composed of a framework of tetrahedra
a. Oi a. Phyllosilicates
b . Oe A b. Cydosilicates
C. A / P" c. lnosillcates
d. E g_, Tectosillcates
235. The color of a soil indicates some chemical conditions. Which of 241. Which among these is not a soil moisture regime?
the following is true? a. Aqui~
a. dark or black color indicates high organic matter b. Ustic
b. reddish color Indicates that the soil is high in ~ ides of Iron
c. yellowish color indicates that the portion of lowland soil i s
at oxidized state
~-~~>
242. In'map, the upper portion is usually indicating what direction?
g, all or the above a. West
236. Plants depend on the water stored in the soil b. North
a the upper limit of available water is field capacity C. South
b. the lower limit available water is permanent wi~g point d. East
c. available water capacity is field capacity minus permanent 243. The element in the soil that reacts with the liming material
wilting point during the process of neutralization.
!!., all of the above a. Hydrogen
237. A running water deposit is b. · Magnesium
a. lacustrine c. calcium
b. Marine d. Sodium
.£· Alluvial 244. What is the approximate volume composition of a loam soil in a
d. Eolian good tilth?
238. A loosening or scaling or rock surface a. 25% solid and 75% pore space
a. Unloading .!!.:.. 50% solid and 50% pore space
b . Exfoliation c. 75% solid space and 25% pore space
C:- Defoliation d. 40% solid and 60% pore space
r. ri, .nPMPln PPR /11•11• •• fnr1,/,nn/r rnm l" r PP11P111 n i r P11/1)
245. Symbiotic association of algae and fungi is termed as 251. Soil loss is estimated using the Universal Soil loss Equation
a. Humin (USLE). What Is the constant factor multiplied to the other factors
Q.:. Lichens of rain erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length and gradient,
c. Mud< cropping, and conservation?
d. Symbiosis a. 0.224
246. What is the moisture content of a moist soil sample that weighs b. 0.024
12.5 g originally and 10 g after the oven drying? c. 1.224
a. 12.5 d. none
252. Type or silicate day with single or double chains of tetrahedra

-
b. 10
c. 25 a. Inosillcates
<i. 22.s b . Nesosilicates
247. The force that determines that height to which water will rise in c. Cydosilicates
a vertical capillary tube. d. Tectosilic.ates
!!. surface tension 253. The entry or surface applied water into soil is known as
b. Capillarity a. Infiltration
c . Infiltration ti:' Leaching
d . Capillary fringe c. ~age
248. A soil that is formed from limestone would likely to have this soil d. Erosion
reaction 254. A groti"p of related soils that differ due to time
a. strongly acidic ,a. Oironosequence
b. moderately alkaline b. Lithosequence
~ moderately acidic c. Oimosequence
d . slightly addle d. biosequence
249. The function of parent material in soil formation with other 255. The deficiency symptom Is yellowing of the lower leaves
factors as constant. a. Phosphorus
a. Uth ofun ction b. Potassium
b. Oironotunction c. Nitrogen
c . Biotunction cf. Sulfur
d. Oimotunction 256. The deficiency symptom Is yellowing of the upper leaves
250. This is not a cementing agent a. Nitrogen
a. Organic matter b. Phosphorus
g, Fragipan c. Potassium
c. Oxides of Fe and Al _g. SUifur
d . Plant root 257. The formula of sulfate is
CirccnF.M IRR P (11•11•11·fn rebnok ro111/eree11emllireoh) 77
 a. S 264. A soil that is fertile is
b. Si a. Not productive
c. so. 2• b. Always productive
cl H2S c. Not necessarily productive
258. The available form of nitrogen is d. None of the above
a. NO 265. The immediate source of carbon by plants Is
~ NH/ a. CO2 from air
c. (NH 4 }z50 4 b. CO2 from carbon minerals
d . N20 c. CO2 from decay of OM
259. The solum indudes horizons d. All of the above
a. A,B,C,R 266. Of all the essential elements, these are not absorbed In Ionic
~- A,B forms.
c. A,B,C 2: C, Hand 0
d. B,C _/b . N, P and K
260. A recreated soil profile mounted for observation f' c. Ca, Mg and S
a. Regolith d . All of the above
b . Pedolith 267. Iron is m,-e available to plants In
C. Litolith a. Its oxidized form, Fe1•
_g. Monolith b . Its reduced form, Fe20 ,
261. The reference chart for soil color determination c. Its reduced form, Fe2•
a Soil map d. All of the above
_g,, Munsell color chart 268. The zone of saturated soil where water is held under sunction
c. Soil pH color chart immediately above the water table is known as
d. Topographic map a. Water table
262. A simple test for calcium carbonate on rock samples b. Spring
a. Feel method _s... Capillary fringe
b. Roll method d . Capillary
c. HO method 269. Wh ich does not relate to CEC?
d. Nitrate method a. Amount of day
263. Gully formation in mountains or steep areas usually starts at b. Amount of OM
a . Top c. Kind of day

-
b. Below
c . Midcle
d . Anywhere
d. Bulk density
270. Which of the following ions promote soil di spersion?
a Na•
Green EMPIR B PH ( www.faceboofc.com/2ree11emfJiref)/i \ 78
 b. ea 2+ a. Broadcasting
c. H+ b . Top dressing
d. Al:H c. Side dressing
271. This refers to organic and inorganic matter which are d. Bedding
exceedingly small but have high surface area per unit weight or 277. The fertilizer is placed along or between the rows of crops
volume a . Broadcasting
a. Organic matter b. Top dressing

- b. Soil colloid
c . Soil solid
d. Soil texture
c . Sidedressing
d. Bedding
278. A red soil is generally
272. These cations are dominant in strongly acidic soils a. Basic
a. Hand Al !!.:_.Addie
b. Hand Ca c. Sodic
C. Al and Ca a. Sallne

r
d. Ca and Mg 279. This describes the darkness or lightness of a soil color.
273. Movement of water in the soil is always from a . Int ensi,ty
a. higher to lower soil moisture content b. Value
b. higher to lower total potential energy C:- Hue
c. higher to lower soil moisture tension d . Ch rome,
d. all of the above e. Moderate
274. If soil moisture content is 40%, field capacity is 30% and 280. What type of erosion took place when soil which is washed away
permanent wilting point is 20%, the amount of available water creating small channels that are still repairable?
in the soil is a. Sheet
a. 10% b. Gully
b. 20% ..s,. RIii
C. 30% d . Splash
d . none of the above 281. Given the following conditions, select the soil whidl Is less
275. Ocairs when the pore spaces are filled with water or at Its erodible
maximum water holding capacity .!!.:. Oayey, steep but with full cover
a irrigation b . Oayey, steep but with sparse vegetation
~ saturation c. Sandy, steep but with full cover
c. hygroscopic coefficient d. Sandy, steep with sparse vegetation
d. massnow 282. The group of soil microorganisms which have the ability to
276. The fertilizer is broadcasted over a growing plant photosynthesize.
GrccnEMPIRE PH (wwwfacebook. comlgreenempireph ) 79
 a. Algae 288. The soil depth from which plants obtain the major part of the
b. Fungi water absorbed as turned
c. Nematodes a. Solum
d. Protozoa ~ Effective rooting depth of plant
283. The bacteria which lives symbiotically with the roots of legumes c . Regolith
and are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen. d. Rhizosphere
a. Rhizobia 289. Porosity, which is the total pore-space volume of soils
b. Aspergillus a. is the same tor all soil
c. Mycorrhizae ..Q.. ls highest in fine-textured soils
d. Penidllium c. Is highest in coarse-textured soils
284. The most widespread association between microorganisms and d . Varies little with difference in texture
higher plants. 290. This cation is dominant in sodic soils
a. Associative N l'ixation a . Calcium
b. Mychorrhizae b. Sodium
c. Symbiotic N fixation c. Potassium
d. Rhizobium-legume association d . Magnesium
285. Uebig's Law or the Minimum in effect states that plant growtf) 291. When applied which of the following materials increase the CEC
and yield of the soil
a. are limited by excess of a particular nutrient .!: organic matter
b. are limited by the absence of a nutrient b. sand
c. are limited by excess of one nutrient c. silt
d. All of the above d. none or the above
286. Poorly drained soils can result into 292. Soil grown to corn is best cultivated to have a soil consistency
a. Increased ethylene content in the leat resultingt o that is
yellowing and etiolation a Hard
!?.: Increased Incidence of root diseases b. Friable
c. Increased rooting density c. Plastic
d. cannot be determined d. Viscous
287. When depicted graphically, the Mitscherlich's equation shows 293. Lowland rice land is prepared to have a soil consistency that is
that with addition of a limiting nutrient a. Hard
a. Yield increase linearly b. Friable
b. Yield increases exponentially c. Plastic
C. Yield inaease but In decreasing increment d. Viscous
d. None of the above
GreenEMPIRE PH (www.facebook.com/greenempirep/,) 80
 . 4.6 d. Contour hedgerow
598. A cabbage plant needs 240 kg N per hectare. How many 604. A btype of erosion that results from the natural processes of
kilograms of 21-0-0 is needed to satisfy the requirement? whereby sol erosion is nearly of the same rate of soil
a. 114.28 kg
weathering
formation?
b. 1142.80 kg a. Accelerated erosion
C. 50.04 kg b. Rill erosion
d. 5.04 kg c. Sheet erosion
599. To be more effective, a liming material should be applied at the d. Geologic erosion
proper time. This is usually done at 605. An instrument that is used to locate contour lines in a sloping
a. Plowing area.
b. Planting
C.3-4 weeks before planting
a.
Haga
b. Level hose
d. Harvesting C.A-frame
600. Erosion which remove very less soil partides d. Telescope
a Sheet erosion 606. A type of erosion control applicable to areas undergoing
b. Rill erosion negligible erosion.
C. Gully erosion a. Contour farming
d. Stream bank erosion b Preventive type
601. An erosion which begins at the lower end of a slope and findits erracing
way badk uphill d. Rehabilitative type
a. Sheet erosion 607. Rocks that were formed from the partial melting of existing rocks
b. Rill erosion due to heat, pressure chemical action.
C Gully erosion a. Sedimentary rocks
d. Stream bank erosion b. Metamorphic rocks
602. Erosion which is prevalent on river bodies C. Igneous rocks
a. Sheet erosion d. Volcanic rocks
b. Rill erosion rocks consisting of accumulation of fragments blasted
C. Gully erosion
608. Volcanic
from volcanoes are
d. Stream bank erosion a. Sediments

Among the following, which soil conservation technique

603.least is the . Pyrodastics
effective in dissipating raindrop impact?
a. Contour furrows
C.Lahar
d. None or the above
b. Natural vegetation 609. In the Mohs' scale of hardness of minerals, it is the softest
C. Contour composting9 mineral.
GreenEMP REPH (urA facob areonnmniront 106
 a. Quartz 615. The most efficient organic matter decomposers under acidic soil
b. Gypsum conditions are the
Talc
a. Bacteria
d.Diamond b. Actinomycetes
610. The day mineral with an average cation exchange capadity of 5 C. Fungi
to 15 d. Protozoa
me/100 g.
a. Montmorillon ite 616. A soil with bulk density of 1.3 g/cm and partide density of 2.60
b . Kaolinite 9/cm' will have a porosity of:
. Ilite a. 5%
d. Vermiculite b. 25%
611. At high moisture content in the soil, soil water potential is 50%
. Low d. 75%
High 617, Type of soil structure best suited for growing upland crops
c. No relation a. Massive
d. None of the above b. Platyy
612. At low moisture content in the soil, soil moisture tension is C. Crumb
Low d. Single-grain
High 618. A substance diagnostic horizon characterized by silicate clay
c. No reauo accumulation.
d. None of the above a. Argillic
613. If a crop residue contains 60% organic carbon and 5% total b. Nitric
nitrogen, its C/N ration is C. Spodic
10:1 d. Cambic
12:1 619. A highly weathered subsurface horizon consisting of an
C. 15:1 accumulation of Fe and Al oxides.
d. 20:1 a. Argillic
614. Which of the following micrOorganisms is very sensitive to Spodic
potassium levels in soil and therefore useful in diagnosing9 c. Cambic
potassium deficiency? d. Oxic
a. Pseudomonas dentrificans 620. A hard pan strongly cemented by silica.
bAspergilus niger
C. Azotobacter chrococaum
Duripan
b. Calcic
Nitrobacter agilis c. Fragipan
1. Gypsic
Green EMPIRE PH (ww.facebook.com/ereenempireph) 197
621. The soil moisture regime characterized by suffñdent moisture C. Ustolls
d. Usterts
throughoutthe year.
a. Aquic 627. These are highly weathered soils in the humid tropics.
Udic a. Udalfs
C. Ustic b. Udults
d. Aridic Udoxs
622. The soil d. Ustepts
temperature regime when the average annual 628. The name Typic Tropudults is for the category of
temperature is more than 22°C and the difference between mean
summer and mean winter is less than 5°C. a. Order
a. Isothermic b. Great group
b. Isohyperth ermic C. Subgroup
C. Isomesic Suborde
d. Isofrigid 629, The standard procedure to determine nitrogen content of soils.
623. These are soils with litte or no profile development. a. Potentiometric method
Kjeldahl method
a. Udepts C. Walkey-Black method
b. Fuvents
d. Xray diffraction method
C. Udands
d. Ustalfs 630. A group of soils having the same profile characteristics and
624. These are soils formed from volcanic ash and young volcanic parent materials
materials. a. Soil type
a. Udepts b. Soil series
b. Fuvents C. Soil association

C Udands d. Soil phase

d. Ustalfs 631. A type of soil survey which procedures maps with a scale of
625. The cracking and swelling soils common in lowland areas which 1:15,000 to 1:5,000.
a r e used for rice production.
a. Exploratory
b. Reconnaissance
a. orthods
b. Ustolls C. Semi-detailed

C. Ustalfs d. Detailed
632. Maahas cay is an example ofa
d.Uderts
626. These are well-developed soils with low base saturation common Sol tyYpe
in forest and upland areas. b. Soil series
a. Ustalfs C. Soil asSociation
Ustults d. Soil phase

GreenEMPIRE PH (www.facebook.com/greenempireph) 108

633. The
most important cause of soil degradation. d. Bc
. o l l pollution 640. The pores created by soil animals are called
b. Soil erOsion a. Capillary pores
C. Soil denudation b. Biopores
d. All of the above C. Voids
634. The first step of soil erosion by water. d. None of the above
a Detachment 641. It is used to destroy organic matter during the textural analysis.
b. Transportation a. calgon
c. Deposition
d. Rainfall impact
b
C. Ha
4
635. A type of soil erosion characterized by uniform removal of soil.
d. Haso4
a. Rll erosion 642. It is the chemical dispersing agent during textural analysis.
b. Gully erosion a. Sodium phosphate
c. Sheet erosion b. Sodium hexametaphosphate
d. Surface erosionn C. Calcium phosphate
636. The ability of rainfall to cause soil erosion. d. Caldum chloride
a. Erodibility 643. A diagnostic horizon showing strong human influence such as
b. Erosivity
c. Detachability
phosphorus accumulation.
a. UmbriC
O
d. None of the above . Meanic
637. It is not a master horizon Histic
d. Anthropic
644. A diagnostic horizon that is like argillic except for its high sodium
C. B content.
R a. Spodic
638. It refers to the true soil. Natric
C. Cambic
Solum
b. Regolith . Salic
c. Soil profile 645. The soil moisture regime that is characterized by water
d. B horizon saturation
639. A type of B horizon showing significanty day accumulation. Udic
. W Aquic
Bt c. Ustic
C. BK Xeric
GreenEMPIRE PH (www.facebook.com/ereenempireph) 199
646. The soll order of organiC Soils. a. capillary water
Histosols b. saturated water
b. Entisols CGravitational water
Andisols a. Percolating wo
d. Mollisols soil at
he soil
653. The moisture content of the which [plants wilt and fail to
at which
647. They are young volcanic soils which are fertile except for their recover
theirturgidity
a. Field capadty
when placed in a dark humid atmosphere.
high Pixing capacity
a. Entisols
b. Permanent wilting point
D. Andisols C. Hygroscopic coeffident
C. Oxisols d. None of the above
d. Vertisols 654. The amount of moisture in a dry soil.
648. They are swelling and cracking soils common in lowlands. a. Hygroscopic coefficient
a. Entisols b. Adsorbed water
b. Andisols Gravitational water
c. Alfisols d. Field capacity
d Vertisols 655. The most active agent of soil erosion process in the Philippines
649. The clay mineral characterized by a basal spacing of 7 Angstrom. and other areas in the humid tropics
a. Ilite Wind
b. Kaolinite Ice
C. Montmorillonite C Water
d. Allophane d. Gladers
650. The clay mineral characterized by a basal spacing of 10 656. The wise use of land especially with respect to soil erosion
Angstrom. control
a. Ilite a. sustainable agriculture
. Kaolinite b. soll capability
C. Montmorillon ite CSol conservation
. Chlorite d. soil management
651. The oven-drying of soil samples is normally done at this 657. The process by which soil nutrients are washed down by water
temperature from the root zone of the plants
a. rop removal
70C
105 B leadhing
C. 205 °C C. volatilization
d. 550 °C d. denitrification
652. The water in the largest pores that percolate downward
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658. Growing of several crop species on a piece of land in spatial 664. A diagnostic horizon with an accumulation of free iron oxides and
arrangement organic matter

a. Intercropping
b.
Monocropping b. Spodic
CambiC
C. Alley cropping C. Oxic

d, Muliple cropping d. Nitric

659. Biological control of soil erosion 665. Net Nitrogen immobilization in the soil occurs if the C/N is
a. Contouring a. less than 20:1
b. Rockwalling b. greater then 20:1
greater than 35:1
C Strip cropping
d. Terracing d. less than 15:1
660. Mechanical method of controlling soil erosion 666. Individually, which among the following soil microorganisms
aTerrading have the least biomass?
b. Mulching a. Actinomycetes
C. Strip cropping b. Fung
C Bacteria
d. Alley cTopping
661. This type of structure has disc-like aggregates and can be found d. Protozoa
in newly opened lands 667. Which of the following soil organisms are add-loving?
a. columnar
b. massive
a.
b.
Fung
ProtoZ0a

C. crumb C. Bacteria
dplaty d. Actinomycetes
662. Highly weathered solls with B horizon consisting primarily of 668. The following llustrates how the value of B.D. is higher in the
Sesquioxides
a. Oxisol
underlying subsoil, except one
a. there is compaction brought about by the weight of
b. Alfisol overlying horizons
C. Vertisol b. there is less root penetration in subsoil
d. Aridisol subsoll is well-aggregated
C.
663. Order of montmorillonitic soils that forms rack during drying d. OM content is lower in subsoil
a. Spodosol 669. It
. Vertiso
states that the yield of the plantis regulated by the nutrient
present in the lowest amount relative to its optimum requirement.
Histosol a. Stoke's law
d. Oxisol b. Mineral theory
c. Humus theory

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 d. Law of minimum 676. Equilibrium reaction between a metal ion and a complexing
670. Which among the following is not true for humus?
a. unstable and can be further degraded
agent characterized by bond formation between the metal and
b. representative of organic colloids
complexing agent.
a. Oxidation
a b. Reduction
d.
complex organic produc
high molecular
weight C.Chelation
671. Which is not a characteristic of cation exchange reactions? d. Hydration
a. InstantaneousS 677. Which of the following statement is not true regarding stability
b. Reversible and weathering of minerals:
C. Stoichiometric a. Stability of mineral generally increases with increasing
d. Speafic linkage between tetrahedral
672. Which is not a characteristic of upland soils? b. Stability within structural group increases with increased
a. Upland soils are aerobic most of the time.
b. Organic matter decomposes with CO2 as a major product
isomorphous substitution.
Stability
within a structural groupdecreases with
C. Nutrient elements exist generally in their oxidized state decreasing electronegativity of metal ionsS
.Nutrient elements exist generally in their reduced state d. Stability is influenced by the type and structure of metal
673. jon-oxygen polyhedral linking silicate units
Which is not a characteristic of lowland soils? 678, Describes the order in which minerals
a. Lowland soils are anaerobic most of the time crystallize from magma
b. a Bowen's reaction series
Organic matter decomposes with methane, hydrogen
sulfide, organic acids, alcohols and ketones as products b. Lyotropic series

d.
Nutrient elements exist generally in their
thelr
oxidized state C. Discontinuous series
d. Continuous series
Nutrient elements exist generally in reduced state
674. Type of chemical weathering that takes place within the soil 679. It describes the formation of the mafic minerals (olivine,
Solum pyroxene, amphibole and biotite) each taking turns to form as the
a. Geochemical weathering temperature progressively decreases:

b.Pedochemical weathering ab. Continuous

Discontinuous reaction series
reaction series
C. Oxidation
d. Reduction c. Lyotropic series
675. The attack of the mineral by water is termed . d. Bowen's reaction series
ab. Hydrolysis 680. It describes the evolution of the plagiodase feldspars as they
Hydration evolve from being calcium rich to more sodium rich.
C. Oxidation a. Discontinuous reation series
d. Reduction bContinuous reaction series
C. Lyotropic series
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 d. Bowen's reaction series c. Total dissolved solids
681. following is considered variable charge d. Residual calcium carbonate value
Which
clay?
among the as
687. A property of solutions and has been used to quantify the
Kaolinite hazards of irrigation water applied to soils:
b. Vermiculite
alkalinity
a. Electrical conductivity
c. Montmorillonite b. Soil pH
d. Intergrades c. Total dissolved solids
682. Calculate the weight (g) of Ca" needed to replace 1 g of H. Residual caldum carbonate value
d.
688. Refers to total
a.
b.
20
10
concentration of inorganic solids and is usually
expressed in mgl" or ppm.
C. 15 a. lectrical conducivity
d. 50 b. Soil pH
683. Calculate the weight (g) of Ca*" needed to replace 1 g of NH. Total dissolved solids

a.
1.11
2.22
d. Residual calcium carbonate value
689. System classification approach that attempts to organize the
3.33 divisions of soils from a more holistic appraisal of soil attributes.
d. 4.44
a Natura
684. The net accumulation of materials at the interface between a b. Technical
solid phase and an aqueous solution phase is called C. Broad
aAdsorption d. NarroW
b. Absorption 690. Pestidides will be retained much longer in soils with
C. Attraction
d. Adhesion
a.b. Low organic matter
High moisture content
685. A soil has a pH of 5.5 and a CEC of 20 me/100g. The grower 2:1 dominant clay bype
C.
needs to lime the soil to pH 6.5. If the %BS at pH 5.5 is 50%, and d. Low pH
75% at pH 6.5, calculate the amount of CacO, required to raise 691. Once a soil has been placed under cultivation, its organic matter
the pH of 1 hectare of soil. content usually
a. 10 tons CaCO/ha a. Inreases
50 tons CacO/ha b. Decreases
C. 30tonsCaco/ha
d 5 tons Caco,/ha
C. Relatively unchanged
d. Unchanged
686. It is a measure of salinity or concentration of dissolved salts 692. Tissue nutrient analysis is used to determine the nutrient status
a. Electrical conductivity of the plants. Correct sampling of tissue always gives reliable
b. Soil pHH results. The most common tissue used is
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 Lear 698. It is a characteristic of rainfall that falls per unit time usually
b. Petiole expressed in millimeter per hour
C. Bark a. Drop size
d. Roots b. Amount
693. One important practical application of soil survey is to match it C. Intensity
with the basic requirements of production systems. This is d. Distribution
referred to as: 699. Soil colloids with the lowest cation exchange capadty.
and classification
a. Soil survey a. Allophane
D. Montmorillonite
b Suitability assessment
C. Soll analysis C.organic matter
d. Soil morphological description d. Kaolinite
694. San Manuel loam can be cultivated safely and extensively to 700. Which among the following has the highestN and P contents?
most crops. This soil bype belongs to what suitability classS a. poultry manure
Cass A b. cattle manure
b. Class B C. goat manure
C. dass C d.guano
d. dassD 701. Iron deficiency is commonly observed in these types of soils:
695. A soil condition usually assodated with a salinity problem is a. add soils
a. fine texture neutral soils

b. poor internal drainage alkaline soils

C. level topography d. saline soils
d. soil addity 702. Iron toxiaby is commonly observed din this type of soils
696. The fertilizer grade 10-12-10 means: a. add soils
a. 10% N 12% P- 10% K 6. neutral soils
b. 10 kg N-12 kg P- 10 kg K C. alkaline soils
C 10% N -12% POs 10% K0 d. saline soils
d. 10kg N -12 kg P,Os 10 kg K20 703. Organic materials with wide C/N ratios are not ready sources of
697. A 500 Kg Urea (46-0-0) contains how many kilograms of available nitrogen because the nitrogen that they contain is
nitrogen? subject to
230 a. Nitrification
b. 460 b. Volatilization
C. 23 C. Immobilization
d. 46 d. Fixation
704. The soil microbial population is generally highest in the
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 a. A horizon a Bacteria
b. Bhorizon b. Actinomycetes
c. Chorizon C.
Algae
B2 horizon d. Fungi
705. Chemoautotrophs are those organisms which derive their energy 711. CO evolution in soil is a function of
from a. Microbial population
a. Sunlight b. Aeration
b. Oxidation of organic materials C. H
C. Fermentation
d. All
of the above
d. Oxidation of inorganic substances 712. The amount of molecular nitrogen (N) in the atmosphere is
706. For soil bacteria, growth results in an inrease in the about
a. Size of the individuals a. 88%
b. Number of the individuals . 78%
C. Form of the individuals C. 68%
d. Size and number of the individuals d. 58%
707. The number and activity of bacteria in the soil are affected by 713. Minimum slope criteria which is considered vulnerable to soil
a. pH erosion
b. Moisture 10%
C. Oxygen supply b. 12%
d. All of the above c 18%
708. A bype of microscope which provides 3-dimensional view of the 714. t is the systematic examination, desaription, dassification, and
soil microorganisms is called the soils na given area
a. ught microscope
mapping of
aSoilsurvey
b.
Scanning electron microscope b. Soil saence
Transmission electron microscope C. Soil dassification
C.
d. Immune-fluorescent microscope d. Sol physics
709. A 1:1000 soll-water dilution means that one part of soil is 715. A ype of soil survey where the size of mapping unit is 0.5 to 4
suspended in hectares.
a. 9 parts of sterile water a. Intensive survey
b. 99 parts of sterile water b. Reconnaissance survey
C 999 parts of sterile water C. Semi-detailed survey
d. 1000 parts of d. Detailed survey
sterile water
In a legume biological nitrogen fixing system, the microsymbiont 716. The total number of soil orders dassified under the Soil
710. IS Taxonomy
GreenEMPIRE PH (www.facebook.com/greenempireph) 115
 a. d.Percolation
b. 11 722. A solltemperature regime wherein the mean annual soil
C. temperature is 22°C or higher and the differen ce between mean

Summer and mean winter temperature is less than 5°C.

d. 2
717. A Subsurface horizon with silicate accumulation accompanied by a. Mesic
more than 15% exchangeable sodium b. Thermic
Nitric C. Hyperthermic
b. Oxic d. IsohyperthermicC
723. Increased bulk
C. Kandic density not favorable practical agriculture
is in
Which of the following may lead to reduced bulk density?
d. Spodic a. Less aggregation and root penetration
718. A surface layer that is dark-colored, with more than 1 percent
b. Compaction caused by the weight of the overlying layers
organic matter and typically friable granular structure.
a. Mollic epipedon C. Addition of organic matter in large amounts
b. Umbic epipedon d. Heavy foot traffic
724. The following can be used as contour hedges except one
C. Ochric epipedon
d. Melanic epipedon Cmachile
719. A man-made surface horizon which was producedbits
by long b ipil-ipil
continued manuring and contains artifacts such as of bricks eggplant
and pottery through its depth. d. kakawate
725. A relatively new term for an old practice of planting agricultural
a. Anthropic epipedon
b. Histicepipedon crops along with or in sequence with woody perennial. This can
C. Plaggenepipedon provide a better source of income for the community.
d. Umbricepipedon
720. A subsurface horizon which is typically indicated by the multicropping
accumulation of day b Agroforestry
a ArgiliC horizon
C. multistorey cropping
b. Agric horizon
d. Upland farming
C. Cambic horizon
d. Oxic horizon
721. The property of the soil that enables water, or roots to move
through it
a. Infiltration
b. Density
CPermeability

Green EMPIRE PH (Www.facebook.com/greenempireph) 116

 738. Soils high in montmorillonite do not swell nor
shrink on wetting and drying.
739. Soils dominated by kaolinite are good bases for
roadbeds and building foundations.
740. Chlorite is a 2:1:1 non expanding type silicate day.
741. ayey soils generally have higher CEC than a
sandy sol.
742. Negatively charged colloids attract cations from soil
solution which become absorbed on the surface.
743. Low CEC Corresponds to loW nutrient retention
Write TRUE if the statement is corTect, otherwise write FALSE capacty.
ridh soilS dispersed state.
/44 Sodium are inincreases.
745. [H] increases as pH
_726. Field capacity is an estimate of the upper limit of 746. The pH range 6.6 to 7.3 is considered neutral.
available moisture range. 747. Main objective of soil sampling is to collect a small
727. Infiltration is the downward entry of water via the of soil about 0.5kg that
soil surface. amount sample weighing
will represent the sol in a large area.
728. Permanent wilting point is the lower limit of the Soil
748. samples should be collected from the surface
available moisture range. layer (20-30 cm) for shallow rooted crops.
-729. The higher the soil moisture tension, the greater 749. Olsen method is use for determination of available
the amount of water stored or retained in the sojl. Pof neutral or alkaline soils.
_730. Capillarity is the ability of a liquid to flow against 750. Moisture release curve is a graph showing the
gravity. relationship between moisture content and
31 Soil colloids are greater than 0.0001 mm in size.
-732. Iilite is a 2:1 expanding type silicate day. moisture tension of the soil and the characteristic
of soil itself.
CEC soils with increasing amount
733. The of decreases
of day and organic matter
734. CEC can be expressed in me/100g soil or cmolc/kg
soil.
-735. Soils generally possess a net positive charge.
736. Aluminum is the central ion in the tetrahedral units
of day colloids
737. Unit layers of kaolinite are held together tighty by
H-bonding.
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