TUTORIAL-12

PRE-TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENT – SOLUTION

Problem: Let 𝑖𝑠1 (𝑡) = 4𝑡 𝐴 and 𝑖𝑠2 (𝑡) = 10𝑡 𝐴 in the circuit.

4H
3H is2

20H C
0H

6H 5H

Find: (a) 𝑣𝐴𝐺 ; (b) 𝑣𝐶𝐺 ; (c) 𝑣𝐵𝐺

Solution:

(a): For 𝑣𝐴𝐺

𝑑𝑖𝑠1 𝑑𝑖𝑠
𝑣𝐴𝐺 − 20 −4 2 = 0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑣𝐴𝐺 − 20 × 4 − 4 × 10 = 0
𝑣𝐴𝐺 = 120𝑉
(b): For 𝑣𝐶𝐺
𝑑𝑖𝑠1
𝑣𝐶𝐺 = −6 ×
𝑑𝑡
= −6 × 4 = −24𝑉
(c):
𝑑𝑖𝑠2 𝑑𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠
𝑣𝐵𝐺 − 3 − 4 1 = −6 1
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖𝑠2 𝑑𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠
𝑣𝐵𝐺 = 3 +4 1 −6 1
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
= 3 × 10 + 4 × 4 − 6 × 4
𝑣𝐵𝐺 = 30 + 16 − 24 = 22𝑉
 TUTORIAL-12 SOLUTIONS

Problem-1: Obtain the equivalent inductance across AB of the magnetically coupled circuit. If this circuit is excited by
a source 𝑣(𝑡) = 200 sin(100𝑡)𝑉. Find the energy stored in the circuit at 𝑡 = 5𝑚𝑠.

K=0.5

A B
k k

50mH

Solution-1: (a)- Equivalent inductance of the circuit across AB:

To obtain the dotted terminals of the coils, modified circuit is as follows,

i1

Coil-1 Coil-3

Coil-2

To obtain the dotted terminals of the coil-2, the circuit is:

ɸ1

i1

Coil-1

ɸ2
(Lenz s Law)
i2
Coil-2
To obtain the dotted terminals of the coil-3:

ɸ1

i1 ɸ3 (Lenz s Law)

Coil-1 Coil-3

Hence, the dotted terminals of the coils are:

M31

A B
Coil-1 Coil-3
M12 M23

Coil-2

Mutual inductance between the coils:

𝑀12 = 𝑘√𝐿1 𝐿2 = 0.5√200 × 50 = 50𝑚𝐻

𝑀23 = 0.5√50 × 100 = 35.355 𝑚𝐻

𝑀31 = 0.5√200 × 100 = 70.71 𝑚𝐻

The equivalent circuit diagram:

M31
M12 M23

i(t)
A B
L1 = 200mH L2 = 50mH L3 = 100mH

+ -

v(t) = 200 sin(100t) V

𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖
𝑣(𝑡) = (𝐿1 + 𝑀12 − 𝑀31 ) − (𝐿2 + 𝑀12 − 𝑀23 ) − (𝐿3 − 𝑀31 − 𝑀23 ) = 0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖
So, 𝑣 = [(𝐿1 + 𝑀12 − 𝑀31 ) + (𝐿2 + 𝑀12 − 𝑀23 ) + (𝐿3 − 𝑀31 − 𝑀23 )] 𝑑𝑡

𝐿𝑒𝑞 = (𝐿1 + 𝑀12 − 𝑀31 + 𝐿2 + 𝑀12 − 𝑀23 + 𝐿3 − 𝑀31 − 𝑀23 ) 𝑚𝐻

= (𝐿1 + 𝐿2 + 𝐿3 + 2𝑀12 − 2𝑀23 − 2𝑀31 )

 (200 + 50 + 100 + 2 × 50 − 2 × 35.35 − 2 × 70.71) 𝑚𝐻
(350 + 100 − 70.7 − 141.42) = (450 − 212.12)𝑚𝐻

𝐿𝑒𝑞 = 237.88 𝑚𝐻

(b): The inductance reactance of the circuit:

𝑗𝑋𝐿 = 𝑗𝜔𝐿𝑒𝑞 = 𝑗 100 × 237.88 × 10−3 ≈ 𝑗23.8 Ω

200
𝑖(𝑡) = sin(100𝑡 − 90°) 𝐴
23.8
At 𝑡 = 5𝑚𝑠, 𝜔𝑡: 5 × 10−3 × 100

0.5 𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 28.65°

200
𝑖(𝑡 = 5𝑚𝑠) = sin(28.65° − 90°)
23.8
≈ 8.403 × −0.87756 ≈ −7.374 𝐴
So, the energy stored in the coupled circuit at 𝑡 = 5 𝑚𝑠:
1
𝑊 = 𝐿𝑒𝑞 {𝑖(𝑡 = 5 𝑚𝑠)}2
2
1
= 237.88 × 10−3 (−7.374)2 ≈ 6467.5 × 10−3 𝐽 ≈ 6.5 𝐽
2
Problem-2: Determine the currents 𝐼1 , 𝐼3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼3 in the circuit as shown in the figure. Find the energy stored in the
coupled coils at 𝑡 = 2𝑚𝑠.

K=0.5

I1 j10 j10

I2
L2 = 50mH
+
3 90°A
-j5 20 0° V
ω=1000 rad/s

I3 -

Solution-2: The mutual inductance of the coils, 𝑀 = 𝑘√𝐿1 𝐿2 = 0.5√𝑗10 × 𝑗10 = 𝑗5 Ω

Transform the current source to voltage source:

j5

I1 j10 j10

I2
L2 = 50mH
+ +
j12 -j5 I2 20 0° V
I1
- I3 -

The voltage equation for mesh-1:

𝑗12 − 4𝐼1 − 𝑗10𝐼1 − 𝑗5𝐼2 − (−𝑗5)(𝐼1 − 𝐼2 ) = 0

𝑗12 − (4 + 𝑗10 − 𝑗5)𝐼1 − 𝑗10𝐼2 = 0
(4 + 𝑗5)𝐼1 + 𝑗10𝐼2 ----------------------(1)

The voltage equation for mesh-2:

20∠0° − (−𝑗5)(𝐼2 − 𝐼1 ) − 𝑗10𝐼2 − 𝑗5𝐼1 − 8𝐼2 = 0

20 + (𝑗5 − 𝑗10 − 8)𝐼2 − 𝑗10𝐼1 = 0
𝑗10𝐼1 + (8 + 𝑗5)𝐼2 = 20-----------------(2)

4 + j5 j10   I1   j12 
 j10 8 + j 5  I  =  20 
  2  
∆= 107 + 𝑗60, ∆1 = −60 − 𝑗296, ∆2 = 40 − 𝑗100
∆1
𝐼1 = = 2.462∠72.18° 𝐴
∆
∆2
𝐼2 = = 878∠ − 97.48° 𝑚𝐴
∆
𝐼3 = 𝐼1 − 𝐼2 = 3.329∠74.89° 𝐴
 𝑖1 (𝑡) = 2.462√2 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 72.18°) 𝐴

𝑖2 (𝑡) = 878√2 × 10−3 cos(𝜔𝑡 − 97.48°) 𝐴

At 𝑡 = 2 𝑚𝑠, 𝜔𝑡 = 1000 × 2 × 10−3 = 2 𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 114.6°

So at 𝑡 = 2 𝑚𝑠:

𝑖1 (𝑡 = 2 × 10−3 ) = −3.46 𝐴

𝑖2 (𝑡 = 2 × 10−3 ) = 1.187 𝐴
The total energy stored in the coupled inductor:
1 1
𝑊 = 𝐿1 𝑖12 + 𝐿2 𝑖22 + 𝑀𝑖1 𝑖2
2 2
Given: 𝑗𝜔𝐿1 = 𝑗10
10
𝐿1 = = 10 𝑚𝐻 = 𝐿2
1000
5
𝑀= = 5 𝑚𝐻
1000
So,
1 1
𝑊= × 10 × 10−3 (−3.460)2 + × 10 × 10−3 × (1.187)2 + 5 × 10−3 (−3.460)(1.187)
2 2
𝑊 = 59.858 × 10−3 + 7.045 × 10−3 − 20.654 × 10−3
Problem-3: A circuit is to be designed that will generate an odd parity bit for a 4-bit binary input, i.e. the parity bit P
should be 1 if the 4-bit input has an even number of 1’s, else P=0

(a) Show the truth table to represent the above logic.

(b) Obtain a minimal sum of product (SOP) expression using K-map

Solution-3: (a) The truth table odd parity detection for 4-bit binary numbers

A B C D F (Odd parity bit)

0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
(b) Karnaugh Map

No simplification possible

Minimal SPO expression: F(A, B, C, D) = Σm(0,3,5,6,9,10,12,15)

Problem-4: Synthesize the Boolean function F(A, B, C, D) = Σm(1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 14) + Σd(6, 7, 15) using
(a) 16 × 1 MUX, (b) 8 × 1 MUX, and (c) 4 × 1 MUX.

Solution-4: Given Boolean function: F(A, B, C, D) = Σm(1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 14) + Σd(6, 7, 15)

(a) A 16 × 1 MUX has 4 selection lines (𝑆3 , 𝑆2 , 𝑆1 , 𝑆0 ) to select one of 16 inputs (𝐼0 … 𝐼15 ) to appear at the
single output. For realizing a Boolean function, the input variables (A, B, C, D) are applied to the selection
lines with the input indices of 16 × 1 MUX corresponding to the minterms present are connected to logic 1
and the input indices corresponding to missing minterms are connected to logic 0, whereas inputs
corresponding to the don’t cares can be connected to either logic 1 or logic 0. The logic diagram is shown
below:

(b) A 8 × 1 MUX has 3 selection lines to select one of 8 inputs to appear at the single output. Let us
choose variable ‘A’ to be connected to the MUX inputs while the remaining 3 variables (B, C, D) are
applied to selection lines (𝑆2 , 𝑆1 , 𝑆0 ). For determining the MUX inputs, the implementation table is
shown below:

𝐼0 𝐼1 𝐼2 𝐼3 𝐼4 𝐼5 𝐼6 𝐼7
(000) (001) (010) (011) (100) (101) (110) (111)
𝐴̅ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

𝐴 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
MUX
𝐴 𝐴̅ 1 0 0 𝐴̅ 1 0
inputs

Note: We encircle only those don’t cares which can be combined with true minterms to get simplified input
to MUX.
(c) A 4 × 1 MUX has 2 selection lines to select one of 4 inputs to appear at the single output. Let us choose
variables ‘A’ and ‘B’ to be connected to the MUX inputs while the remaining 2 variables (C, D) are applied to
selection lines. For determining the MUX inputs, the implementation table is Shown below:

𝐼0 𝐼1 𝐼2 𝐼3
(00) (01) (10) (11)
𝐴̅𝐵̅ 0 1 2 3

𝐴̅𝐵 4 5 6 7
𝐴𝐵̅ 8 9 10 11
𝐴𝐵 12 13 14 15
MUX
𝐴𝐵̅ 𝐴̅ 1 0
inputs