 Registration No : BALLB/3-18/M003

 Student Name : Abdul Subhan Soomro

 Title of Assignment : Mid-terms

 Title of Course : Human rights – law.

 Name of Faculty Member : Miss nighat naseer

 Submission Date : 11-may-2020, Monday.

Answer Sheet

Topic : “Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are the agent of Human Rights”

sub question :Discuss the given topic by taking the example of at least Five NGOs
working nationally or internationally for the protection of Human Rights.

NGO plays a wider and critical role in today’s society, thanks to the after the World
war scenarios which helped made brew the ideas of Non-governmental organization
the core working function of Human rights NGO which is to help protect human rights
and secure them from any harm caused by any individual or organization who works
in its self-interest and doesn’t have any conscience or justice, a capitalist institution of
20th century can be taken as an example whose profits are the priority and the basic
human rights will only become applicable when the business debts are cleared. The
non-governmental organization Aims to fight those norms of maltreatment. The
people working for NGO are not paid by anyone but volunteered work to help better
human rights, is a non-profit organization.
It all started from labour unions in 1970 when the people in New York Manhattan
working their jobs were being abused by their employers and compelled to do extra
unpaid work or not paid at all and forced to work in abysmal working conditions, in
addition, they punish their employees a thin layer of 20th-century enslavement, the
people formed labour union which protested and fought back with numbers the result
was it caught media and government attention the employer who would be
conducting arbitrary punishment to his employee which was subsequently stopped by
the country’s government the new laws clearly articulated that the people working for
their employees would have their rights too and it helped form a minimum wage for
the works and a less than a 40 hours work week and no arbitrary punishment this was
the civil society activist which then led to the actual recognized NGO’s.
It was the successful movement civil right moment in the history of protest from
labours,
Human rights and NGO, The civil society activist now around the world combine to
form an organization which is not back by any government, the society contains
people from different walks of life, Lawyers, Media persons, political persons, business
people, and a factory worker. Technically they are a non-governmental organization
but partially organized by their respective government to allow operations of a non-
profit entity.
The human rights NGO mechanism is to first start Investigating when it gets reports
around the world, for violation of humans rights, the process is long and the volunteers
and heads of NGO sometimes risk their comfort, life, liberty by stepping into conflict
zones or fascist states they record facts and note the violations, after that. Human
right group meets executive and head of states of other government or the united
nation chiefs to discuss the situations and will subsequently publish and expose them.
What is more important to notice that they do not derive any personal benefit from
any operation, and attempt to bring change, by bringing all the groups on negotiating
table and laws are in place to help all the affected party through justice.

> Here are the issue the Human right Non-governmental organization covers in this
age and day Arms, ammunition which are not properly handled by the respective
armies in the conflict zone and end up in the hands of civilians or terror groups, or land
mines which are left after conflict the civilian population that has no knowledge of
gets harm by it.

Business any abuses conducted through economic activity by corporation and

exploitation of people,
Children’s and women rights, Crises and conflicts, Environmental concerns,
International justice, Migrants and refugee rights, terrorism, persecution by the
governments. Free speech, these are the issues the Non-governmental
Organization cover around the world and help calm the conflicts. Specific Non-
governmental organization working internationally / nationally protecting human
rights.

Amnesty International
It was founded in July 1961 58 years ago when a lawyer who heard about the
situation in Portuguese that preceded when the two students from other county
raised their drinks to celebrate freedom the Portuguese police imprisoned those
two students for this act, on reading the story the lawyer Peter Brenson published
a story in a newspaper “the forgotten prisoner” and appealed to the governments
to take action Citing human rights declaration article 18 and 19 and announced
“appeal for amnesty” the story got rapid and robust response from around the
world the people started writings letters to peter discussing the problem it led to
the liberty of the two prisoner of conscience. Which started the course of Amnesty
International the world biggest non-profit organization
JDC welfare organization: - based in Pakistan headquarter in Karachi a non-profit
and non-governmental organization which has its mark around early 2010
This human right group based in Pakistan has been actively managing and helping
the country men who are being left in void due to no availability of services
provided by government the organization whose support base only donation by
rest of citizens has been so far filling the gaps in service of humanity where
government fails.
The organization Managed by Zafar Abbas and millions are him that actively
support and donate. One of the tragic incident that took place somewhere Karachi
when a old building in poor neighborhood collapsed. The JDC tried and attempted
to rescue people trapped inside and brought private machinery to work. And more
recently during the Covid19 crises the JDC is enabling people who are affected by
lockdown by providing them food, clothes, shelter, and a sum of money to spend
for their basic needs. These are basic human rights that JDC indiscriminately is
trying to provide to where system abysmally fails.

Human rights watch – founded in 1978 after the helenski accord to monitor
Russia and western countries convention to avoid escalation and call out governments by
naming and shaming them publically who violated the accord. Throughout its inception
it’s work has been notable in global cases where it published a report on persecution on
Indian Muslims by the Indian government. “shoot the traitors” the Hindu people were
attacking peaceful Muslims for protesting for discriminatory laws against Muslim the
government was complicit and aiding mods to disperse protestor, The report highlighted
In 2017 the human right watch highlighted the ethnic cleansing of rohingya muslims who
fled from Burma rakhine state conducted by military, the Human right watch confronted
the rohingya officials repeatedly, but they denied any violence yet proved by
overwhelming evidence surrounding the situation. The genocide affect 671,000 Muslims
who fled for the fear of their lives.
International commission of jurist founded in 1952 headquarters in Geneva,
Switzerland Secretary general Salman Zia Zarifi an Iranian lawyer activist who was also
worked as executive at amnesty international, forced disappearance and conflict zones
The ICJ finding in 2003 Iraq conflict was that when the American military dropped cargo
of weapons, the civilian took over the weapons and conducted sales of arms since there
was no business in Iraq, the American forces instead of being responsibly acting they
arrived at market and without warning open fired on innocent civilian resulting in heavy
death toll. The ICJ with other organization raises the voices and demanded that forces
should be held responsible.

Saylani trust foundation this non-governmental organization located in

Pakistan focuses on ending hunger and poverty from the society founded in ’99 by
Maulana Bashir Farooq Qadri. Since then it has been involved in doing
phenomenal work in society which can be personally witnessed throughout its 21
year period it has proved its value and has now millions of supporters, citizens
donating to Saylani foundation and saylani helping out people who are affected by
all sort of unfortunate condition stricken on them the organization has now also
have medical facilities to aid people who cannot afford cost of treatment from their
salaries.

Endnote :- these are five organization which are upholding the human rights charter and
helping the humanity, two Pakistani and three international.
all having different scope of work but covering one charter. To add further the abdul Sattar Edhi
our national NGO had been doing similar works of like JDC and Saylani and has been a corner
stone of Human rights NGO which we shouldn’t forget Abdul Sattar Edhi 1928 – 2016.