CT215 LAB-3 (EXPERIMENT – 6)

NAME: DARSHIL SHAH ID: 201901232

ENVELOPE DETECTOR
Aim: Amplitude Demodulation
Apparatus: Function generator, Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) , Probes,
Breadboard, Diode, Resistor and Capacitor.

Introduction: The carrier amplitude is changed according to the modulating /

message signal in Amplitude Modulation. For demodulation, we are using an
envelope detector circuit.

Observation: The circuit consists of diode and RC parallel combination. The

diode will act as a rectifier, clipping the negative portion of the modulated
signal. The RC combination is used to reconstruct the modulating signal. The
value of R and C should satisfy the following inequality: (1/2π fc) < RC <
(1/2πfm)

So the values of R and C chosen are R = 10k Ω , C = 16 nF for fm = 1.5 kHz and
fc = 100 kHz
 CARRIER SIGNAL

FREQUENCY = 104.133 kHz, AMPLITUDE = 5 V

 We get the modulating signal by changing the mode from ‘MOD’ to

‘MODG’.
 We connect the probe to the modulation generated output to get the
signal on the DSO.

MODULATING/ MESSAGE SIGNAL

FREQUENCY = 1.336 kHz, AMPLITUDE = 1.350 V

 We again connect the probe back to its original position.

 We change the mode to ‘MOD’ and ‘MOD-AMS’ to get the amplitude
modulated signal.
 AMPLITUDE MODULATED SIGNAL

FREQUENCY = 104.28 kHz

 This amplitude modulated signal is given to envelope detector circuit.

RECONSTRUCTED MESSAGE SIGNAL

FREQUENCY ≈ 1.065 kHz

 This is the signal we get from the envelope detector circuit, and it has
a frequency nearly equal to the original message/modulating signal.
 AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL
 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) is a system that controls the increase
in the amplitude of an electric signal from the original input to the
amplified output, automatically.
 It keeps the receiver in its linear operating range by detecting the
overall strength of the signal and automatically adjusting the gain of
the receiver to maintain an approximately constant average output
level.
 It generates dc signal based on the input carrier strength.
 This helps to maintain almost constant gain when tuned for different
stations in AM broadcast receivers.
 Examples: AM radio receivers, Radar, Audio/Video, Vogad
(Voice/Volume operated gain-adjusting device), etc.