Infrared Communication

Real Time
Embedded Systems
www.atomicrhubarb.com/embedded
Lecture 1 – January 17, 2012
Topic
 Section Topic
• Where in the books
– Catsoulis chapter/page
– Simon chapter/page
– Zilog UM197 (ZNEO Z16F Series Flash Microcontroller Contest Kit User Manual)
– Zilog UM171 (ZiLOG Developer Studio II—ZNEO User Manual)
– Zilog PS220 (ZNEO Z16F Series Product Specification)
– Zilog UM188 (ZNEO CPU Core User Manual)
– Assorted datasheets
 IrDA
 Infra Red transmission of data.
 IRDA = Infra Red Data Association
Developed and maintains IRDA
standard.
 Standard Includes low level protocol
and several high level protocols.
 Not all IR communication is IRDA
 IrDA
 Point to point protocol
 Asynchronous serial transmission
 Short distances
 IrDA 1.0 = 2,400 pbs to 115.2 kpbs, 3
feet
 Infra Red signals modulated on a 40
Khz carrier.
 IrDA
 SIR - Serial (Slow) infrared
 9.6 kbps to 115.2 kbps, RZI modulation
 MIR - Medium infrared
 576 kbps and 1152 kbps, RZI modulation
 FIR - Fast infrared
 4 Mbps, 4 PPM (Pulse-position modulation)
 VFIR - Very fast infrared
 16 Mbps, HHH (1,3) modulation
What is PPM encoding?
 PAM
 The PAM data stream is
transmitted as a
uniformly spaced
sequence of constant-
width pulses. The
intensity of each pulse is
modulated by
amplitude. This is
similar to AM radio
broadcast, except the
carrier is a pulse rather
than a sine wave.
 PDM
 Since amplitudes are
degraded by noise, the
data stream is converted
to a constant-amplitude
pulse modulation
scheme. PDM (Pulse
Density Modulation)
carries the information in
the pulse width, which
varies directly to the
amplitude of the signal.
 PPM
 PPM (pulse position
modulation) results if the
PDM waveform is
differentiated &
rectified. Distance
between pulses is the
sampled amplitude of the
sine wave. Average
system power for PPM is
much lower than PDM at
the expense of greater
bandwidth.
 PCM
 In PCM (pulse code
modulation), each
pulse is encoded into
its binary equivalent.
During PCM encoding,
the serial output
stream is conditioned
for the communication
link.
 PCM
 You establish the patterns used to
represent logical one and zero values.
A number of PCM codes have been
designed for different performance.
What is NRZ, RZ, RZI
encoding?
 NRZ, RZ, RZI
 Non-Return to Zero 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
(NRZ) signal does not
return to zero after
bit is transmitted
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
 Return to Zero (RZ)
the signal changes
not between bits but
during each bit 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
 RZI – Return to Zero
Inverted
IrDA
 IrDA
Ir data

Ir Ir
Z16 UART ENDEC ENDEC UART Device
TxRx TxRx
 IrDA layers
 Physical Layer – Optical, encoding of
data.
 IrLAP – Link Access Protocol
 IrLMP – Link Management Protocol
 IAS – Information Access Service
 TinyTP – Tiny Transport Protocol
 IrOBEX – Object Exchange Protocol
 IrCOMM – Serial & Parallel Port
emulation
 Alas, www.blaulogic.com is no more.
 But Gerd Rausch's code lives on, use the
Internet wayback machine:
http://web.archive.org/web/2006112420513
8/www.blaulogic.com/pico_irda.shtml
IrDA view angle
 •SIR

 Data encoded from NRZ to RZI

encoding, then transmitted
 Led is pulsed for 3 of 16 bit positions
3/16 data modulation

Clock

Data Bit

IR
 IR Remote Control Signals

 The control codes are sent in serial

format modulated on a 36-40 kHz
carrier frequency
 The data rate sent is generally in the
range of 100-2000 bps.
 IR Remote Protocols
 There are many different coding
systems in use, and generally different
manufacturers use different codes and
different data rates for transmission.
 Common ones:
 JVC Protocol
 NEC Protocol
 Nokia NRC17
 Sharp Protocol
 Sony SIRC
 Philips RC-5
 Philips RC-6
 Philips RECS80
 SIRC
 Sony IR Control protocol
 12-bit, 15-bit and 20-bit versions of the
protocol exist (12-bit described here)
 5-bit address and 7-bit command length (12-
bit protocol)
 Carrier frequency of 40kHz
 Uses predefined addresses (devices like TV
or VCR) and commands (+channel,-volume,
etc).
 Sony SIRC
 Uses a pulse width
encoding of the bits. The
pulse representing a
logical "1" is a 1.2ms long
burst of the 40kHz
carrier, while the burst
width for a logical "0" is
0.6ms long. All bursts are
separated by a 0.6ms
long space interval.
 Typical pulse sequence of
the SIRC protocol.
 RC-5
 Philips RC-5 Protocol
 The RC-5 code from Philips is possibly the
most used protocol by hobbyists, probably
because of the wide availability of cheap
remote controls (and its simple).
 The protocol is well defined for different
device types ensuring compatibility with
your whole entertainment system.
 RC-5
 5 bit address and 6 bit command length (7
command bits for RC5X)
 Bi-phase coding (aka Manchester coding)
 Carrier frequency of 36kHz
 Constant bit time of 1.778ms (64 cycles of
36 kHz)
 Uses predefined addresses (devices like TV
or VCR) and commands (+channel,-volume,
etc).
 RC-5
 Uses bi-phase modulation
(Manchester coding) of a
36kHz IR carrier frequency.
All bits are of equal length of
1.778ms in this protocol,
with half of the bit time
filled with a burst of the
36kHz carrier and the other
half being idle.
 Typical pulse sequence of an
RC-5 message.
Manchester Encoding?
Whats that?
 Manchester Encoding?

Image from wikipedia

The essence: data is encoded in the rising
or falling edge.
 IR Uses
 Data Exchange (IrDA)
 Remote Controls
 Low data rate communication
 Application specific protocols
 Some other stuff
 IR References
 IrDA Infrared Communications: An
Overview
 http://www.web-
ee.com/primers/files/irda.pdf
 Agilent IrDA Data Link Design Guide
 San Bergmans Ir Remote Knowledge Base
 http://www.xs4all.nl/~sbp/knowledge/ir/rc
5.htm
Can you see IR signaling?
Many digital cameras are IR
sensitive
 IrDA on the ZNEO
 The Z16 contains two fully-functional, high-
performance UART to Infrared Encoder/Decoders
(Endecs).
 Each Infrared Endec is integrated with the on-chip
UART to allow easy communication between the Z16
and IrDA transceivers.
 Infrared communication provides secure, reliable,
low-cost, point-to-point communication between
PCs, PDAs, cell phones, printers and other infrared
enabled devices.
IrDA Block Diagram
IrDA Pins
• PD4 – RDX1
• PD5 – TXD1
• PA4 – RXD0
• PA5 – TXD0
 Configure
 Just like UART but with one additional
bit.
 IREN bit in U0CTL1 (and U1CTL1)
IrDA Transmit Data
IrDA Receive Data
 IrDA Recipe
 All Infrared Endec configuration and
status information is set by the UART
control registers.

 So how do we choose between Serial

Port and IrDA?
 IrDA Details

• Whats a “J10” ?
IrDA
 Can the Z16 speak
IR Remote Control
(like RC-5 or SIRC)?
What does “PA5_TXD0” mean?
 So ....

• ... what if we
don't enable the
alternate
function on
Z16
these pins. Then
what have we
done?
This is RC-5
Recall ...
 This is RC-5

1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

Address 5 Command 2
(VCR) (“2” button)
 Can the UART
encode/decode these
1's and 0's for us?
 Decoding IR remotes

 That might make an interesting project

or lab