PROBLEMS:

Q1. Determine the reliability of the system of components shown below:

0.90 0.92
→ 0.98 → 0.90 → 0.95 →

Q2. A product is composed of 4 parts. In order for the product to function properly in a given situation,
each of the parts must function. Each has the same probability of performance. If the system is to have 0.92
probability of performing, what is the minimum probability of performing needed by each of the individual
components?
Q3. Mr. Robert , a production supervisor for REL Inc., is committed to the company’s new quality efforts.
Part of the program encourages making product components in-house to ensure higher quality levels and

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instill worker pride. The system seems to be working well. One assembly, which requires a reliability of
0.95, is normally produced from a local supplier. Now it is being assembled in-house from three

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components that each boast a reliability of 0.96.
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Customer complaints have risen in the three months since REL Inc., started doing its own

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assembly work. Can you explain why?
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• What level of component reliability is necessary to restore the product to its former level
of quality?
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• Robert can’t increase the reliability of the individual components, however, he can add a
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backup with a reliability of 0.90 to each component. If the backups have a reliability of
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0.90 , how many will be needed to achieve a 0.95 reliability for the assembly?
Q4. The management department recently purchased a small copier for faculty use. Although the workload
of the office staff has improved somewhat, the secretaries are still making too many trips to the Dean’s
office when the departmental copier is out of service. Sylvia, the departmental secretary, has been keeping
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track of failure rates and service times. With a mean time between failure of 100 hours and a mean time to
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repair of 24 hours, how much of the time is the new copier available for faculty use?
Q5. A machine can operate for an average of 10 weeks before it need to be overhauled, a process which
takes two days. The machine is operated five days a week. Compute the availability of this machine.(Hint:
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all times must be in the same units)

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Q6. Anish is the audio engineer for Summer Musical Enterprises. The group is considering the purchase of
a new sound system consisting of five separate components. The components are arranged in series with
identical reliabilities. The Basic system with component reliabilities of 80% costs $1000, the standard
system with component reliabilities of 90% costs $2000, and the professional system with component
reliabilities of 99% costs $5000. The cost of a failure during a performance is $50,000.
a. Calculate the reliability of each system. Which system would you recommend.

b. Anish has learned that each system described above can also be purchased in a
Plus Configuration, where each component has an identical backup, for double the
original cost. Which system would you recommend now?

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 Q07. A hospital has three independent fire alarm systems, with reliabilities of 0.95, 0.97 and 0.99. In the
event of a fire, what is the probability that a warning would be given?

Q08 A computer system has 3 components UPS, PC and printer in series. The printer has a backup printer
to increase its reliability. Find the reliability of the system to enable a printout to be taken at any point of
time.

Q09. Due to the extreme cost of interrupting production, a firm has two standby machines available in case

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a machine breaks down. The machine in use has a reliability of 0.94, and the backups have reliabilities of

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0.90 and 0.80. In the event of a failure, either backup can be pressed into service. If one fails, the other

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backup can be used. Compute the system reliability.

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Q10. One of the industrial robots designed by a leading producer of servomechanisms has four major
components. Components’ reliabilities are 0.98, 0.95, 0.94 and 0.90. All the components must function in
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order for the robot to operate effectively.
a. compute the reliability of the robot.
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b. Designers want to improve the reliability by adding a backup component. Due to space
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limitations, only one backup can be added. The backup for any component will have the
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same reliability as the unit for which it is the backup. Which component should get the
backup in order to achieve the highest reliability?
c. If one backup with a reliability of 0.92 can be added to any one of the main components,
which component should get it to obtain the highest overall reliability?
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