MLR

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Laxma Reddy Avenue, Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 043

CLASS TEST 4:
DATE;
UNIT 4. CAMS (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS):
1.
2.
[B ]
3.
4.
5.

6.

7.

ROLL NO:

For the knife edge follower, the cam profile and pitch curve [ B]
A) are different B)are same C)may be same or different D)none of the above
The angle, which represents the cam profile and is most important in cam design, is
A) Cam angle B) pressure angle C) angle of dwell D) angle of descent
The Size of a cam depends upon [ A]
(A) Base circle (B) Pitch circle (C) Prime circle (D) Pitch curve
The cam follower generally used in automobile engines is [C ]
(A) Knife edge follower (B) Flat faced follower (C) Spherical faced follower (D) Roller
follower
The stroke of the follower is equal to _______ [B ]
(A) Half of the maximum travel of the follower from the lowest position To the top
most position
(B) Maximum travel of the follower from the lowest position to the top most position
(C) Half of the diameter of base circle (D) Half of the diameter of prime circle
A radial follower is one which [ A]
(A )translates along an axis passing through the cam centre
(B) reciprocates in guides
(C) oscillates with a simple harmonic motion
(D) has an axis of movement displaced from the axis of rotation of cam.
During the dwell period of a cam, the follower moves [ D]
(A) With uniform speed (B) With Simple harmonic motion ( C) In a straight line
(D) Remains at rest

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. The lift of a flat-faced follower, when it is in contact with the flank of a circular arc cam,is equal to [(Rr1)(1-cos)]
2. The cam and follower is an example of Higher pair
3. In a radial cam, the follower moves in a direction Perpendicular to the cam axis
4. The angle, which represents the cam profile and is most important in cam Design is
Pressure angle.
5. The period during which follower remains stationary during some finite rotation of
the Cam is Dwell Period .
6. The cam size depends upon Base circle.
7. For low and moderate speed engines, the cam follower should move with Simple harmonic motion
8. When the follower moves with SHM, the velocity diagram is Sinusoidal curve
9. The size of a cam depends on base circle
10. The angle between the direction of the follower motion and a normal to the pitch curve is
called pressure angle
11. The retardation of a flat faced follower when it has contact at the apex of the nose of a
circular arc cam, is given by ( 2 x OQ) where OQ is the distance between the centres of base & nose circles.
12. For high speed engines, the cam follower should move with cycloidal motion
13. Offset is provided to a cam follower mechanism to minimize the side thrust

MLR

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Laxma Reddy Avenue, Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 043

CLASS TEST 5:
DATE:
UNIT 5. HIGHER PAIES & GEAR TRAINS
ROLL NO:
1. The motion transmitted between the teeth of two spur gears is generally [D ]
(A) sliding (B) rolling (C)rotary (D)partly sliding and partly rolling
2. Which of the following represents the locus of the common point on the two meshing gears?[C ]
(a) addendum circle (b) root circle (c) pitch circle (d) base circle
3. Law of Gearing is satisfied if [ C]
(A) Two surfaces slide smoothly (B) no. of teeth = PCD / module
(C) Common normal at the point of contact passes through pitch point on the line joining the centers of
rotation
(D) Addendum is greater than Dedendum
4. Involute profile is preferred to cycloidal because [ B]
a) The profile is easy to cut b) Only one curve is required to cut
c) the rack has straight line profile and hence can be cut accurately d) more strength will be pertained
5. The module is the reciprocal of [ A]
(A) Diametral pitch (B) Circular pitch C)pitch diameter (D) none of these
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

FILL IN THE BLANKS

The two parallel and coplanar shafts are connected by gears having teeth parallel to the axis
of the shaft. This arrangement is called spur gearing
The type of gears used to connect two non-parallel non-intersecting shafts are
Worm & Worm Gears
An imaginary circle which by pure rolling action, gives the same motion as the actual gear,
is called pitch circle
The size of a gear is usually specified by pitch circle diameter
The radial distance of a tooth from the pitch circle to the bottom of the tooth, is
called dedendum
The product of the diametric pitch and circular pitch equal to
7.If the module of a gear = m=D/T be m, the number of teeth T and pitch circle diameter D,
8.Meter gears are used for equal speed
9.The contact ratio for gears is always greater than one
10.The maximum length of arc of contact for two mating gears, in order to avoid interference,
is ((r+R)tan)
11.When the addendum on pinion and wheel is such that the path of approach and path of recess
are half of their maximum possible values. Then the length of the path of contact is given by ((r+R)sin/2)
12. Interference can be avoided involute gears with 20 pressure angle by using more than 20 teeth
13.The maximum efficiency for spiral gears is (cos(+)+l) / (cos(-)+l))
14.Two non-intersecting and non parallel, i.e., non-coplanar shafts are connected by gears of the type spiral.
15.When two spur gears are to be in mesh, their module must be same.
16.For a gear with involute profile teeth, the normal to the involute is a tangent to the Base circle.
17.The gears in lathe machine used for reversing the direction of rotation of driven gears are tumbler gears.
18.The difference between the tooth space and tooth thickness as measured on the pitch circle, is called Backlash

19. If the module of a gear be m, the number of teeth T and pitch circle diameter D, then module (m) is given by
m=D/T
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS;

UNIT 4; CAMS

1Q: Define CAM.

Ans: Cam is a rotating machine element which gives reciprocating (or) oscillating motion to another
known as follower.
2Q: Classify followers.
Ans:
(a)

(b)

(c)

According to the surface in contact

1.

Knife edge follower

2.

Roller follower

3.

Flat faced follower

4.

Spherical faced follower

According to the motion of the follower

1.

Reciprocating follower

2.

Oscillating follower

According to the Axis of the follower

1.

Roller follower

2.

Off-set follower

3Q: Define Tangent cam and Circular Arc cam .

Ans: Tangent cam: When the flanks of the cam are straight and tangential to the base circle and nose
circle the cam is known as tangent cam.
Circular Arc cam: Circular Arc cam with flat-faced follower when the flank of the cam connecting the
base circle and nose arc of converse circular arcs then the cam is known as circular arc cam.

4Q: What are the different motions of the follower

Ans:
(i)

Uniform motion

(ii)

Simple harmonic

(iii)

Uniform acceleration and retardation

(iv)

Cycloidal motion.

5Q: Distinguish radial cam and cylindrical cam.

Ans:

Radial cam

Cylindrical cam

1. In this cam, the follower reciprocates 1. In this the follower reciprocates (or)
(or)

oscillates

in

direction oscillates in a direction parallel to the cam

perpendicular to the cam axis.

axis.

6Q: Define undercutting CAM.

Ans:
If the curvature of the pitch curve is too sharp, then the part of the cam shape would be lost and
thereafter the intended cam motion would not be achieved. Such a cam is said to be undercut.
Undercutting in cam profile be avoided

(i)

By decreasing the desired follower lift, L

(ii)

By increasing the cam rotation angle, and

(iii)

By increasing the cam size.

7Q: Compare Roller and Mushroom follower.

Ans:
Roller follower

Mushroom follower

1. Roller followers are extensively used

1. The mushroom followers are

where more space is available.

generally used where space is limited.

2. It is used in stationary, gas engines,

2. It is used in cams which operate the

oil engine and aircraft valves in engines.

valves in automobile engines.

The roller follower extensively used

Roller followers are extensively used where more space is available such as in stationary gas oil
engines and air craft engines.
8Q: Classification of Cams:
Ans:
1.

Radial or disc cam:

In radial cams, to follower reciprocates or oscillates in a direction perpendicular to cam axis. The

Cams as shown in Fig are all radial cams.

2.

Cylindrical cam:
In cylindrical cams, to follower reciprocates or oscillates in a direction parallel to the cam axis.

The follower rides in a groove at its cylindrical surface.

9Q: Classify the Followers according to surface in contact.
According to the surface in contact. The followers, according to the surface in contact are as Follows:
(a)

Knife edge follower :

When the contacting end of the follower has a sharp knife edge, it is called a knife edge follower.
(b)

Roller follower:

When the contacting end of the follower is a roller, it is called a roller follower.
(c)

Flat faced or mushroom follower:

When the contacting end of the follower in a perfectly flat face, it is called faced follower.
(d)

Spherical faced follower:

When to contacting end of the follower is of spherical shape, it is called a spherical faced follower.
10 Q: Define Pressure Angle, Pitch Point, Pitch Circle, Pitch Curve, Prime Circle & Lift of the CAM.
Ans:
Pressure angle:
It is the angle between the direction of to follower motion end a

normal to the pitch curve.

The angle is very important in designing a Cam profile. It to pressure angle is too large a reciprocating
follower will jam in its bearing.
Pitch point: It is a point on the pitch curve having to maximum pressure angle.
Pitch Circle: It is a circle drawn from the centre of the Cam through to pitch point.
Pitch curve: It is the curve generated by the trace point as the follower moves relative to the Cam. For
Knife edge follower, the pitch curve and the Cam profile are same where as for a roller follower they are
separated by to radius of the roller.
Prime Circle: It is the smallest circle that can be drawn from the centre of the Cam and tangent to the
pitch curve. For a Knife edge and a flat face follower, the prime circle and the base circle are identical.
For a roller, follower, to prime circle is larger than to base circle by the radius of the roller.
Lift or stroke: It is the maximum travel of the follower from its lowest position to
position.

the top most

ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS;

UNIT 5; HIGHER PAIRS & GEAR TRAINS

1Q:What are the advantages & limitations of the Gears?

Ans:
The advantages of Gear drive.
1.

Exact velocity ratio is obtained, since there is no slip.

2.

It is capable of transmitting larger power than that of the belt and chain drives.

3.

It is more efficient and effective means of power transmission.

4.

It requires less space compared to belt and rope drives.

The limitations of gear drive.

1.

The manufacture of gear requires special tools and equipments.

2.

The manufacturing cost is comparatively high.

3.

The error in cutting teeth may cause vibrations and noise during operation.

2Q:Classify gears?
Ans:
a. Based on the position of teeth on the wheel:
(i) Straight gears (ii) Helical gears (iii) Heringbone gears (iv) Curved teeth gears.
b. Based on peripheral speed: (v)
(i) Low velocity V < 3 m/s (ii) Medium velocity gears V = 3 to 15 m/s
(iii) High velocity gears V > 15 m/s.
c. Based on the relative of the shafts
(i) Row gears (ii) Planetary gears.

3Q:Define path of contact, arc of contact, arc of approach and arc of recess
Ans:
path of contact.
It is the path traced by the point of contact of two teeth from the beginning to the end of
engagement.
arc of contact
It is the path traced by a point on the pitch circle from the beginning to the end of engagement of
a given pair of teeth.
arc of approach
It is the portion of the path of contact from the beginning of the engagement to the pitch point.
arc of recess
It is the portion of the path of contact from the pitch point to the end of the engagement of a pair
of teeth.

4Q:Define Addendum Circle, Addendum, Deddendum Circle, Clearance and Backlash in gears.
Ans:
Addendum circle.
It is the circle drawn through the top of the teeth and is concentric with the pitch circle.
Addendum.
It is the radial distance of a tooth from the pitch circle to the top of the tooth.
Deddendum circle.
It is the circle drawn through the bottom of the tooth and is concentric with the pitch circle.
Clearance with reference to the terminology of gears.

It is the radial distance from the top of the tooth to the bottom of the tooth, in a meshing gear.
Backlash in gears.
It is the difference between the tooth space and the tooth thickness along the pitch circle.
Backlash = Tooth Tooth thickness.

5Q:Define Circular Pitch, Diametral Pitch and Module with reference to gears.
Ans:
Circular Pitch
It is the distance measured along the circumference of the pitch circle from a point on one tooth
to the corresponding point on the adjacent tooth.

PC =

D
T

D = Diameter of pitch circle,

T = No of teeth on the wheel.

Diametral Pitch in reference to gears.

It is the ratio of number of teeth to the pitch circle diameter.

Pd =

T
D

T = No of teeth
D = Pitch circle diameter

Relationship between Diametral pitch and circular pitch.

Pd =

PC

Pd = Diametral pitch
PC = Circular pitch.

Module
It is the ratio of the pitch circle diameter to the number of teeth.
D
T

m=
6Q;State the law of gearing.
Ans:
It states that for obtaining constant velocity ratio, at any instant of teeth the common normal at
each point of contact should always pass through a pitch point, situated on the line joining the centre of
rotation of the pair of making gears.
7Q: Write the differences between involute and cycloidal tooth profile
Ans:

S.No

1.

2.

Involute tooth profile

Cycloidal tooth profile

Variation in centre distance does not

The centre distance should not vary.

affect the velocity ration.

Pressure

angle

throughout the teeth.

remains

constant

Pressure angle varies. It is zero at

the pitch point and maximum at the
start and end of engagement.

3.

Interference occurs

No interference occurs

4.

Weaker teeth

Stronger teeth.