Android

Android Tutorial
Android is a complete set of software for mobile devices such as tablet computers,
notebooks, smartphones, electronic book readers, set-top boxes etc.
It contains a linux-based Operating System, middleware and key mobile
applications.
It can be thought of as a mobile operating system. But it is not limited to mobile only.
It is currently used in various devices such as mobiles, tablets, televisions etc.
This tutorial is developed for beginners and experienced persons. Let's see the topics
of android that we are going to learn.
Basics of Android
In this fundamental chapter, you will learn about android, its components, how to
create first android application, internal of first android application etc.
What is Android?
Android is a software package and linux based operating system for mobile devices
such as tablet computers and smartphones.
It is developed by Google and later the OHA (Open Handset Alliance). Java language
is mainly used to write the android code even though other languages can be used.
The goal of android project is to create a successful real-world product that improves
the mobile experience for end users.
What is Open Handset Alliance (OHA) ?

It's a consortium of 84 companies such as google, samsung, AKM, synaptics, KDDI,
Garmin, Teleca, Ebay, Intel etc.
It was established on 5th November, 2007, led by Google. It is commited to advance
open standards, provide services and deploy handsets using the Android Plateform.
Features of Android
There are many advantages of android. They are as follows:

 It is open-source.
 Anyone can customize the Android Platform.
 There are a lot of mobile applications that can be choosen by the consumer.
 It provides many interesting features like weather details, opening screen, live
RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds etc.
 It provides support for messaging services(SMS and MMS), web browser,
storage (SQLite), connectivity (GSM, CDMA, Blue Tooth, Wi-Fi etc.), media,
handset layout etc.
Categories of Android applications

There are many android applications in the market. The top categories are:
 Entertainment
 Tools
 Communication
 Productivity
 Personalization
 Music and Audio
 Social
 Media and Video
 Travel and Local etc.
History of Android
The history and versions of android are interesting to know. The codenames of
android ranges from A to J currently, such as Aestro, Blender, Cupcake, Donut,
Eclair, Froyo, Gingerbread, Honeycomb, Ice Cream Sandwitch,Jelly Bean and
KitKat. Let's understand the android history pointly:
 Initially, Andy Rubin founded Android Incorporation in Palo Alto,
California, United States in October, 2003.
 In 17th August 2005, Google acquired android Incorporation. Since then, it is
in the subsidiary of Google Incorporation.
 The key employees of Android Incorporation are Andy Rubin, Rich Miner,
Chris White and Nick Sears.
Android Versions, Codename and API

Let's see the android versions codename and API provided by Google.
Version Codename API
1.5 Cupcake 3
1.6 Donut 4
2.1 Eclair 7
2.2 Froyo 8
2.3 Gingerbread 9 and 10
3.1 and 3.3 Honeycomb 12 and 13
4.0 Ice Cream Sandwitch 15
4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 Jelly Bean 16, 17 and 18
4.4 KitKat 19
Android Versions Image
Android Software Stack

Android software stack (also known as android architecture) includes linux kernal,
native libraries (middleware), Android Runtime, Application Framework and
Applications.
Linux Kernal is responsible for device drivers, power management, resource access
etc. OS tasks.
On the top of linux kernal, their are Native libraries such as WebKit, OpenGL,
FreeType, SQLite, Media, C runtime library (libc) etc.
The WebKit library is responsible for browser support, SQLite is for database,
FreeType for font support, Media for playing and recording audio and video formats.
The main Android API's are UI (User Interface), telephony, resources, locations,
Content Providers (data) and package managers.
Android Core Building Blocks

A component is simply a piece of code that has a well defined life cycle e.g. Activity,
Receiver, Service etc.
The core building blocks or fundamental components of android are activities,
views, intents, services, content providers, fragments and AndroidManifest.xml.
Activity
An activity is a class that represents a single screen. It is like a Frame in AWT.
View
A view is the UI element such as button, label, text field etc. Anything that you see is
a view.
Intent
Intent is used to invoke components. It is mainly used to:

 Start the service
 Launch an activity
 Display a web page
 Display a list of contacts
 Broadcast a message
 Dial a phone call etc.
For example, you may write the following code to view the webpage
Intent intent=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);

intent.setData(Uri.parse("http://www.javatpoint.com"));
startActivity(intent);
Service
Service is a background process that can run for a long time.

There are two types of services local and remote. Local service is accessed from
within the application whereas remote service is accessed remotely from other
applications running on the same device.
Content Provider
Content Providers are used to share data between the applications.
Fragment
Fragments are like parts of activity. An activity can display one or more fragments on
the screen at the same time.
AndroidManifest.xml
It contains informations about acvities, content providers, permissions etc. It is like

the web.xml file in Java EE.
Android Virtual Device (AVD)
It is used to test the android application without the need for mobile or tablet etc. It
can be created in different configurations to emulate different types of real devices.
Android Emulator
Android Emulator is used to run, debug and test the android application. If you don't
have the real device, it can be the best way to run, debug and test the application.
It uses an open source processor emulator technology called QEMU.
The emulator tool enables you to start the emulator from the command line. You need
to write:
emulator -avd <AVD NAME>
In case of Eclipse IDE, you can create AVD by Window menu > AVD Manager >
New.
In the given image, you can see the android emulator, it displays the output of the
hello android example.
Installing softwares for Android
Android supports java, c++, c# etc. language to develop android applications. Java is
the officially supported language for android. All the android examples of this site is
developed using Java language and Eclipse IDE.
Here, we are going to tell you, the required softwares to develop android applications
using Eclipse IDE.
Simple way by ADT Bundle
It is the simplest technique to install required softwares for android application. It

includes:
 Eclipse IDE
 Android SDK
 Eclipse Plugin
If you download the ADT from android site, you don't need to have eclipse IDE,
android SDK and eclipse Plugin because it is already included in adt bundle.
If you have downloaded the ADT bundle, unjar it, go to eclipse IDE and start the
eclipse by clicking on the eclipse icon. You don't need to do any extra steps here.
How to setup Android for Eclipse IDE
In this page, you will learn what softwares are required for running an android
application on eclipse IDE. Here, you will be able to learn how to install the android
SDK ADT plugin for Eclipse IDE. Let's see the softwares required to setup android for
eclipse IDE manually.
1. Install the JDK
2. Download and install the Eclipse for developing android application
3. Download and Install the android SDK
4. Intall the ADT plugin for eclipse
5. Configure the ADT plugin
6. Create the AVD
7. Create the hello android application
1) Install the Java Development Kit (JDK)
For creating android application, JDK must be installed if you are developing the
android application with Java language. download the JDK
2) Download and install the Eclipse IDE for developing the android
application
For developing the android application using eclipse IDE, you need to install the
Eclipse. you can download it from this location download the Eclipse. Eclispe classic
version is recommended but we are using the Eclipse IDE for JavaEE Developers
(Eclipse Helios).
3) Download and install the android SDK
First of all, download the android SDK. In this example we have installed the android
SDK for windows (.exe version). Now double click on the exe file, it will be installed.
I am using the android 2.2 version here.
4) Download the ADT plugin for eclipse
ADT (Android Development Tools) is required for developing the android application in the eclipse
IDE. It is the plugin for Eclipse IDE that is designed to provide the integrated environment.
For downloading the ADT, you need to follow these steps:
1. Start the eclipse IDE, then select Help > Install new software...
2. In the work with combo box, write https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/
3. select the checkbox next to Developer Tools and click next
4. you will see, a list of tools to be downloaded here, click next
5. click finish
6. After completing the installation, restart the eclipse IDE
5) Configuring the ADT plugin
After the installing ADT plugin, now tell the eclipse IDE for your android SDK
location. For this:
1. Select the Window menu > preferences
2. Now select the android from the left panel. Here you may see a dialog box
asking if you want to send the statistics to the google. Click proceed.
3. Click on the browse button and locate your SDK directory e.g. my SDK
location is C:\Program Files\Android\android-sdk .
4. Click the apply button then OK.
6) Create an Android Virtual Device (AVD)
For running the android application in the Android Emulator, you need to create and
AVD. For creating the AVD:
1. Select the Window menu > AVD Manager
2. Click on the new button, to create the AVD
3. Now a dialog appears, write the AVD name e.g. myavd. Now choose the target
android version e.g. android2.2.
4. click the create AVD
7) create and run the simple android example
How to make android apps

In this page, you will know how to create the simple hello android application. We are
creating the simple example of android using the Eclipse IDE. For creating the simple
example:
1. Create the new android project
2. Write the message (optional)
3. Run the android application
Example of Hello Android
You need to follow the 3 steps mentioned above for creating the Hello android
application.
1) Create the New Android project
For creating the new android project:

1. Select File > New > Project...
2. Select the android project and click next
3. Fill the Details in this diaglog box and click finish
Now an android project have been created. You can explore the android project and see the
simple program, it looks like:
2) Write the message
For writing the message we are using the TextView class. Change the onCreate method
as:
1. package com.example.helloandroid;
2.
3. import android.os.Bundle;
4. import android.app.Activity;
5. import android.view.Menu;
6. import android.widget.TextView;
7.
8. public class MainActivity extends Activity {
9.
10. @Override
11. protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
12. super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
13.
14. TextView textview=new TextView(this);
15. textview.setText("Hello Android!");
16.
17. setContentView(textview);
18. }
19.
20. @Override
21. public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
22. // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
23. getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu);
24. return true;
25. }
26.
27. }
To understand the first android application, visit the next page (internal details
of hello android example).
3) Run the android application
To run the android application:

 Right click on your project > Run As.. > Android Application
The android emulator might take 2 or 3 minutes to boot. So please have patience. After
booting the emulator, the eclipse plugin installs the application and launches the
activity. You will see something like this:
Internal Details of Hello Android
Example
Here, we are going to learn the details of first android program.
Android application contains different components such as java source code, string
resources, images, manifest file, apk file etc. Let's understand the project structure of
android application.
Java Source Code
Let's see the java source file created by the Eclipse IDE:
File: MainActivity.java
2.
7.
8. public class MainActivity extends Activity {//(1)
9.
10. @Override
11. protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {//(2)
13.
14. setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);//(3)
15. }
16.
17. @Override
18. public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {//(4)
21. return true;
22. }
23.
24. }
(1) Activity is a java class that creates and default window on the screen where we
can place different components such as Button, EditText, TextView, Spinner etc. It is
like the Frame of Java AWT.
It provides life cycle methods for activity such as onCreate, onStop, OnResume etc.
(2) The onCreate method is called when Activity class is first created.
(3) The setContentView(R.layout.activity_main) gives information about our layout
resource. Here, our layout resources are defined in activity_main.xml file.
File: activity_main.xml
1. <RelativeLayout xmlns:androclass="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/andr
oid"
2. xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
3. android:layout_width="match_parent"
4. android:layout_height="match_parent"
5. tools:context=".MainActivity" >
6.
7. <TextView
8. android:layout_width="wrap_content"
9. android:layout_height="wrap_content"
10. android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
11. android:layout_centerVertical="true"
12. android:text="@string/hello_world" />
13.
14. </RelativeLayout>
As you can see, a textview is created by the framework automatically. But the
message for this string is defined in the strings.xml file. The @string/hello_world
provides information about the textview message. The value of the attribute
hello_world is defined in the strings.xml file.
File: strings.xml
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2. <resources>
3.
4. <string name="app_name">helloandroid</string>
5. <string name="hello_world">Hello world!</string>
6. <string name="menu_settings">Settings</string>
7.
8. </resources>
You can change the value of the hello_world attribute from this file.
Generated R.java file
It is the auto-generated file that contains IDs for all the resources of res directory. It is
generated by aapt(Android Asset Packaging Tool). Whenever you create any
component on activity_main, a corresponding ID is created in the R.java file which
can be used in the Java Source file later.
File: R.java
1. /* AUTO-GENERATED FILE. DO NOT MODIFY.
2. *
3. * This class was automatically generated by the
4. * aapt tool from the resource data it found. It
5. * should not be modified by hand.
6. */
7.
9.
10. public final class R {
11. public static final class attr {
12. }
13. public static final class drawable {
14. public static final int ic_launcher=0x7f020000;
15. }
16. public static final class id {
17. public static final int menu_settings=0x7f070000;
18. }
19. public static final class layout {
20. public static final int activity_main=0x7f030000;
21. }
22. public static final class menu {
24. }
25. public static final class string {
26. public static final int app_name=0x7f040000;
27. public static final int hello_world=0x7f040001;
29. }
30. public static final class style {
31. /**
32. Base application theme, dependent on API level. This theme is replaced
33. by AppBaseTheme from res/values-vXX/styles.xml on newer devices.
34.
35.
36. Theme customizations available in newer API levels can go in
37. res/values-vXX/styles.xml, while customizations related to
38. backward-compatibility can go here.
39.
40.
41. Base application theme for API 11+. This theme completely replaces
42. AppBaseTheme from res/values/styles.xml on API 11+ devices.
43.
44. API 11 theme customizations can go here.
45.
47. AppBaseTheme from BOTH res/values/styles.xml and
48. res/values-v11/styles.xml on API 14+ devices.
49.
51. */
52. public static final int AppBaseTheme=0x7f050000;
53. /** Application theme.
54. All customizations that are NOT specific to a particular API-level can go here
.
55. */
56. public static final int AppTheme=0x7f050001;
57. }
58. }
APK File
An apk file is created by the framework automatically. If you want to run the android
application on the mobile, transfer and install it.
Resources
It contains resource files including activity_main, strings, styles etc.
Manifest file
It contains information about package including components such as activities,

services, content providers etc.
For more information about manifest file visit here: Android Manifest.xml file.
Dalvik Virtual Machine

As we know the modern JVM is high performance and provides excellent memory
management. But it need to be optimized for low-powered handheld devices.
The Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) is optimized for mobile devices. It optimizes the
JVM for memory, battery life and performance.
Dalvik is a name of a town in Iceland. The Dalvik VM was written by Dan Bornstein.
The Dex compiler converts the class files into the .dex files that run on the Dalvik
VM.
Let's see the compiling and packaging process from the source file:
The javac tool compiles the java source file into the class file.
The dx tool takes all the class files of your application and generates a single .dex file.
It is a platform-specific tool.
The Android Assets Packaging Tool (aapt) handles the packaging process.
AndroidManifest.xml file in android

The AndroidManifest.xml file contains information about your package, including
components of the application such as activities, services, broadcast receivers, content
providers etc.
It performs some other tasks also:
 It is responsible to protect the application to access any protected parts by
providing the permissions.
 It also declares the android api that the application is going to use.
 It lists the instrumentation classes. The instumentation classes provides
profiling and other informations. These informations are removed just before
the application is published etc.
This is the required xml file for all the android application and located inside the root
directory.
A simple AndroidManifest.xml file looks like this:
1. <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
2. package="com.javatpoint.hello"
3. android:versionCode="1"
4. android:versionName="1.0" >
5.
6. <uses-sdk
7. android:minSdkVersion="8"
8. android:targetSdkVersion="15" />
9.
10. <application
11. android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
12. android:label="@string/app_name"
13. android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
14. <activity
15. android:name=".MainActivity"
16. android:label="@string/title_activity_main" >
17. <intent-filter>
18. <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
19.
20. <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
21. </intent-filter>
22. </activity>
23. </application>
24.
25. </manifest>
Elements of the AndroidManifest.xml file
The elements used in the above xml file are described below.
<manifest>
manifest is the root element of the AndroidManifest.xml file. It has package attribute
that describes the package name of the activity class.
<application>
application is the subelement of the manifest. It includes the namespace declaration.

This element contains several subelements that declares the application component
such as activity etc.
The commonly used attributes are of this element are icon, label, theme etc.
android:icon represents the icon for all the android application components.
android:label works as the default label for all the application components.
android:theme represents a common theme for all the android activities.
<activity>
activity is the subelement of application and represents an activity that must be

defined in the AndroidManifest.xml file. It has many attributes such as label, name,
theme, launchMode etc.
android:label represents a label i.e. displayed on the screen.
android:name represents a name for the activity class. It is required attribute.
<intent-filter>
intent-filter is the sub-element of activity that describes the type of intent to which
activity, service or broadcast receiver can respond to.
<action>
It adds an action for the intent-filter. The intent-filter must have at least one action
element.
<category>
It adds a category name to an intent-filter.
Android R.java file

It is an auto-generated file by aapt (Android Asset Packaging Tool) that contains
resouce IDs for all the resources of res/ directory.
If you create any component in the activity_main.xml file, id for the corresponding
component is automatically created in this file. This id can be used in the activity
source file to perform any action on the component.
Note: If you delete R.jar file, android creates it automatically.
Let's see the android R.java file. It includes a lot of static nested classes such as menu,
id, layout, attr, drawable, string etc.
1. /* AUTO-GENERATED FILE. DO NOT MODIFY.
2. *
3. * This class was automatically generated by the
4. * aapt tool from the resource data it found. It
5. * should not be modified by hand.
6. */
7.
9.
10. public final class R {
11. public static final class attr {
12. }
13. public static final class drawable {
14. public static final int ic_launcher=0x7f020000;
15. }
16. public static final class id {
18. }
19. public static final class layout {
21. }
22. public static final class menu {
24. }
25. public static final class string {
26. public static final int app_name=0x7f040000;
27. public static final int hello_world=0x7f040001;
29. }
30. public static final class style {
31. /**
32. Base application theme, dependent on API level. This theme is replaced
33. by AppBaseTheme from res/values-vXX/styles.xml on newer devices.
34.
35.
36. Theme customizations available in newer API levels can go in
37. res/values-vXX/styles.xml, while customizations related to
38. backward-compatibility can go here.
39.
40.
42. AppBaseTheme from res/values/styles.xml on API 11+ devices.
43.
45.
47. AppBaseTheme from BOTH res/values/styles.xml and
48. res/values-v11/styles.xml on API 14+ devices.
49.
51. */
52. public static final int AppBaseTheme=0x7f050000;
53. /** Application theme.
54. All customizations that are NOT specific to a particular API-level can go here
.
55. */
56. public static final int AppTheme=0x7f050001;
57. }
58. }
Android Hide Title Bar Example

In this example, we are going to explain how to hide the title bar and how to display
content in full screen mode.
The requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE) method of
Activity must be called to hide the title. But, it must be coded before the
setContentView method.
1. @Override
4.
5. requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);//will hide the
title not the title bar
6.
7. setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
8.
9. }
10. }
The setFlags() method of Window class is used to display content in full screen
mode. You need to pass the
WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN constant in the setFlags
method.
1. @Override
4.
5. requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
6. //code that displays the content in full screen mode
7. this.getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLS
CREEN,
8. WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);//int flag, i
nt mask
9.
11.
12. }
Android Hide Title Bar Example
Let's see the full code to hide the title bar in android.
activity_main.xml
oid"
5. android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
6. android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
7. android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
8. android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
10.
11. <TextView
15.
Activity class
1. package com.javatpoint.hidetitle;
2.
6. import android.view.Window;
7. import android.view.WindowManager;
8.
10.
11. @Override
14.
15. requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
16.
17. /*this.getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FUL
LSCREEN,
18. WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);//int flag,
int mask
19. */
21.
22. }
23.
24.
25. }
Android Screen Orientation Example

The screenOrientation is the attribute of activity element. The orientation of android
activity can be portrait, landscape, sensor, unspecified etc. You need to define it in the
AndroidManifest.xml file. For example:
1. <activity
2. android:name="com.example.screenorientation.MainActivity"
4. android:screenOrientation="landscape"
5. >
The common values for screenOrientation attribute are as follows:

Value Description
unspecified It is the default value. In such case, system chooses the orientation.
portrait taller not wider
landscape wider not taller
sensor orientation is determined by the device orientation sensor.
Android landscape mode screen orientation example
activity_main.xml
oid"
10.
11. <Button
12. android:id="@+id/button1"
15. android:layout_marginLeft="66dp"
16. android:layout_marginTop="73dp"
17. android:text="Button"
18. android:onClick="onClick"
19. />
20.
21. <EditText
22. android:id="@+id/editText1"
26. android:ems="10" />
27.
Activity class
1. package com.example.f;
2.
6. import android.view.View;
7. import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
8. import android.widget.Button;
9. import android.widget.EditText;
10.
11. public class MainActivity extends Activity{
12. EditText editText1;
13. Button button1;
14. @Override
18.
19. editText1=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1);
20. button1=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
21. }
22. public void onClick(View v) {
23. editText1.setText("O android");
24. }
25. }
AndroidManifest.xml
File: AndroidManifest.xml
2. <manifest xmlns:androclass="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
3. package="com.example.screenorientation"
6.
7. <uses-sdk
10.
11. <application
12. android:allowBackup="true"
16. <activity
17. android:name="com.example.screenorientation.MainActivity"
19. android:screenOrientation="landscape"
20. >
21. <intent-filter>
23.
26. </activity>
27. </application>
28.
29. </manifest>
download this android example
Output:
Android UI Widgets
There are given a lot of UI widgets with simplified examples such as Button,
EditText, AutoCompleteTextView, ToggleButton, DatePicker, TimePicker,
ProgressBar etc.
Working with Button
Let's learn how to perform event handling on button click.
Android Toast
Displays information for the short duration of time.
Custom Toast
We are able to customize the toast, such as we can display image on the toast
ToggleButton
It has two states ON/OFF.
CheckBox
Let's see the application of simple food ordering.
AlertDialog
AlertDialog displays a alert dialog containing the message with OK and Cancel
buttons.
Spinner
Spinner displays the multiple options, but only one can be selected at a time.
AutoCompleteTextView
Let's see the simple example of AutoCompleteTextView.
RatingBar
RatingBar displays the rating bar.
DatePicker
Datepicker displays the datepicker dialog that can be used to pick the date.
TimePicker
TimePicker displays the timepicker dialog that can be used to pick the time.
Android Working with Button

Here, we are going to create two textfields and one button for sum of two numbers. If
user clicks one the button, sum of two input values is displayed on the Toast.
Drag the component or write the code for UI in activity_main.xml
First of all, drag 2 textfields from the Text Fields palette and one button from the
Form Widgets palette as shown in the following figure.
The generated code for the ui components will be like this:
oid"
6.
7. <EditText
11. android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
15.
16. <EditText
20. android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/editText1"
21. android:layout_below="@+id/editText1"
23. android:ems="10" >
24.
25. <requestFocus />
26. </EditText>
27.
28. <Button
34. android:text="@string/Button" />
35.
Activity class
Now write the code to display the sum of two numbers.

1. package com.example.sumof2numbers;
2.
10. import android.widget.Toast;
11.
13. private EditText edittext1,edittext2;
14. private Button buttonSum;
15. @Override
19.
20. addListenerOnButton();
21.
22. }
23. public void addListenerOnButton(){
24. edittext1=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1);
26. buttonSum=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
27.
28. buttonSum.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
29.
30. @Override
31. public void onClick(View view) {
32. String value1=edittext1.getText().toString();
33. String value2=edittext2.getText().toString();
34. int a=Integer.parseInt(value1);
35. int b=Integer.parseInt(value2);
36. int sum=a+b;
37. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),String.valueOf(sum),Toast.LENG
TH_LONG).show();
38. }
39.
40. });
41.
42. }
43. @Override
47. return true;
48. }
49.
50. }
download this example

It is developed by adt bundle on android 4.2 using minimum sdk 8 and target sdk
16.
Output:
Android Toast Example
Toast can be used to display information for the short period of time. You can also
create custom toast such as toast displaying image etc.
Toast class
Toast class is used to show notification for a particular interval of time. After
sometime it disappears. It doesn't block the user interaction.
Constants of Toast class
 public static final int LENGTH_LONG

 public static final int LENGTH_SHORT
Methods of Toast class
 public static Toast makeText(Context context, CharSequence text, int

duration)
 public void show ()
 public void setMargin (float horizontalMargin, float verticalMargin)
Simple example to diaplay the toast
1. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Hello Javatpoint",Toast.LENGTH_
SHORT).show();
Another code:
1. Toast toast=Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Hello Javatpoint",Toas
t.LENGTH_SHORT);
2. toast.setMargin(50,50);
3. toast.show();
Here, getApplicationContext() method returns the instance of Context.
Full code of Activity class
Let's see the code to display the toast.

1. package com.example.toast;
7.
9. @Override
10. public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
13.
14. //Displaying Toast with Hello Javatpoint message
15. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Hello Javatpoint",Toast.LE
NGTH_SHORT).show();
16. }
17.
18. @Override
21. return true;
22. }
23.
24. }
Output:
Android Custom Toast Example
You are able to create custom toast in android. So, you can display some images like
congratulations or loss on the toast. It means you are able to customize the toast now.
activity_main.xml
Drag the component that you want to display on the main activity.
oid"
6.
7. <TextView
13.
customtoast.xml
Create another xml file inside the layout directory. Here we are having ImageView
and TextView in this xml file.
File: customtoast.xml
2. <LinearLayout xmlns:androclass="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/androi
d"
3. android:id="@+id/custom_toast_layout"
6. android:orientation="vertical"
7. android:background="#F14E23"
8. >
9.
10. <ImageView
11. android:id="@+id/custom_toast_image"
14. android:contentDescription="@string/hello_world"
15. android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher"/>
16.
17. <TextView
18. android:id="@+id/custom_toast_message"
21. android:contentDescription="@string/Toast"
22. android:text="@string/Toast" />
23. </LinearLayout>
Activity class
Now write the code to display the custom toast.

1. package com.example.customtoast2;
4. import android.view.Gravity;
5. import android.view.LayoutInflater;
8. import android.view.ViewGroup;
10.
12. @Override
16.
17. //Creating the LayoutInflater instance
18. LayoutInflater li = getLayoutInflater();
19. //Getting the View object as defined in the customtoast.xml file
20. View layout = li.inflate(R.layout.customtoast,
21. (ViewGroup) findViewById(R.id.custom_toast_layout));
22.
23. //Creating the Toast object
24. Toast toast = new Toast(getApplicationContext());
25. toast.setDuration(Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
26. toast.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL, 0, 0);
27. toast.setView(layout);//setting the view of custom toast layout
28. toast.show();
29. }
30. @Override
33. return true;
34. }
35.
36. }
Output:
Android Toggle Button Example

Toggle Button can be used to display checked/unchecked (On/Off) state on the
button. It can be used to On/Off Sound, Wifi, Bluetooth etc.
ToggleButton class
ToggleButton class provides the facility of creating the toggle button.
Constants of ToggleButton class
 android:disabledAlpha The alpha to apply to the indicator when disabled.

 android:textOff The text for the button when it is not checked.
 android:textOn The text for the button when it is checked.
Methods of ToggleButton class
 CharSequence getTextOff() Returns the text when the button is not in the
checked state.
 CharSequence getTextOn() Returns the text for when the button is in the
checked state.
 void setChecked(boolean checked) Changes the checked state of this button.
Example of ToggleButton
activity_main.xml
Drag two toggle button and one button for the layout. Now the activity_main.xml file
will look like this:
oid"
6.
7. <ToggleButton
8. android:id="@+id/toggleButton1"
11. android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
15. android:text="ToggleButton1"
16. android:textOff="Off"
17. android:textOn="On" />
18.
19. <ToggleButton
20. android:id="@+id/toggleButton2"
23. android:layout_alignBaseline="@+id/toggleButton1"
24. android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/toggleButton1"
26. android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/toggleButton1"
27. android:text="ToggleButton2"
28. android:textOff="Off"
29. android:textOn="On" />
30.
31. <Button
35. android:layout_below="@+id/toggleButton2"
37. android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/toggleButton1"
38. android:text="submit" />
39.
Activity class
Let's write the code to check which toggle button is ON/OFF.

1. package com.example.togglebutton;
2.
10. import android.widget.ToggleButton;
11.
13. private ToggleButton toggleButton1, toggleButton2;
14. private Button buttonSubmit;
15. @Override
19.
20. addListenerOnButtonClick();
21. }
22. public void addListenerOnButtonClick(){
23. //Getting the ToggleButton and Button instance from the layout xml file
24. toggleButton1=(ToggleButton)findViewById(R.id.toggleButton1);
25. toggleButton2=(ToggleButton)findViewById(R.id.toggleButton2);
26. buttonSubmit=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
27.
28. //Performing action on button click
29. buttonSubmit.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
30.
31. @Override
33. StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
34. result.append("ToggleButton1 : ").append(toggleButton1.getText()
);
35. result.append("\nToggleButton2 : ").append(toggleButton2.getTex
t());
36. //Displaying the message in toast
37. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), result.toString(),Toast.LE
NGTH_LONG).show();
38. }
39.
40. });
41.
42. }
43. @Override
47. return true;
48. }
49.
50. }
Output:
Android CheckBox Example

Checkbox is a type of two state button either checked or unchecked. There can be a
lot of usage of checkboxes. For example, it can be used to know the hobby of the user,
activate/deactivate the specific action etc.
CheckBox class
The android.widget.CheckBox class provides the facility of creating the CheckBoxes.
Methods of CheckBox class
There are many inherited methods of View, TextView, Button etc. classes in the
CheckBox class. Some of them are as follows:
 public boolean isChecked() Returns true if it is checked otherwise false.
 public void setChecked(boolean staus) changes the state of the
CheckBox.???
Example of Android CheckBox
activity_main.xml
Drag the three checkboxes and one button for the layout. Now the activity_main.xml
file will look like this:
1. <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android
"
6.
7. <CheckBox
8. android:id="@+id/checkBox1"
13. android:text="Pizza" />
14.
15. <CheckBox
20. android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/checkBox1"
21. android:text="Coffe" />
22.
23. <CheckBox
28. android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/checkBox2"
29. android:text="Burger" />
30.
31. <Button
35. android:layout_below="@+id/checkBox2"
37. android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/checkBox3"
38. android:text="Order" />
39.
Activity class
Let's write the code to check which toggle button is ON/OFF.

1. package com.example.checkbox;
2.
8. import android.widget.*;
9.
11. CheckBox pizza,coffe,burger;
12. Button buttonOrder;
13. @Override
18. }
20. //Getting instance of CheckBoxes and Button from the activty_main.xml fil
e
21. pizza=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.checkBox1);
22. coffe=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.checkBox2);
23. burger=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.checkBox3);
24. buttonOrder=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
25.
26. //Applying the Listener on the Button click
27. buttonOrder.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
28.
29. @Override
31. int totalamount=0;
32. StringBuilder result=new StringBuilder();
33. result.append("Selected Items:");
34. if(pizza.isChecked()){
35. result.append("\nPizza 100Rs");
36. totalamount+=100;
37. }
38. if(coffe.isChecked()){
39. result.append("\nCoffe 50Rs");
41. }
42. if(burger.isChecked()){
43. result.append("\nBurger 120Rs");
45. }
46. result.append("\nTotal: "+totalamount+"Rs");
47. //Displaying the message on the toast
48. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), result.toString(), Toast.LEN
GTH_LONG).show();
49. }
50.
51. });
52. }
53. @Override
57. return true;
58. }
59.
60. }
Output:
Android AlertDialog Example
AlertDialog can be used to display the dialog message with OK and Cancel buttons. It
can be used to interrupt and ask the user about his/her choice to continue or
discontinue.
Example of Android AlertDialog
activity_main.xml
You can have multiple components, here we are having only a textview.
oid"
6.
7. <TextView
13.
strings.xml
Optionally, you can store the dialog message and title in the strings.xml file.
File: strings.xml
2. <resources>
3.
4. <string name="app_name">alertdialog</string>
5. <string name="hello_world">Hello world!</string>
6. <string name="menu_settings">Settings</string>
7. <string name="dialog_message">Welcome to Alert Dialog</string>
8.
9. <string name="dialog_title">Javatpoint Alert Dialog</string>
10. </resources>
Activity class
Let's write the code to create and show the AlertDialog.

1. package com.example.alertdialog;
2.
5. import android.app.AlertDialog;
6. import android.content.DialogInterface;
8.
10.
11. @Override
14.
15. AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
16. //Uncomment the below code to Set the message and title from the strings
.xml file
17. //builder.setMessage(R.string.dialog_message) .setTitle(R.string.dialog_ti
tle);
18.
19. //Setting message manually and performing action on button click
20. builder.setMessage("Do you want to close this application ?")
21. .setCancelable(false)
22. .setPositiveButton("Yes", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
23. public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
24. finish();
25. }
26. })
27. .setNegativeButton("No", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
28. public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
29. // Action for 'NO' Button
30. dialog.cancel();
31. }
32. });
33.
34. //Creating dialog box
35. AlertDialog alert = builder.create();
36. //Setting the title manually
37. alert.setTitle("AlertDialogExample");
38. alert.show();
40. }
41.
42. @Override
46. return true;
47. }
48.
49. }
Output:
Android Spinner Example
Spinner is like the combox box of AWT or Swing. It can be used to display the
multiple options to the user. Only one item can be selected by the user.
In this example, we are going to display the country list. You need to use
ArrayAdapter class to store the country list.
Example of Android Spinner
Let's see the simple example of spinner in android.
activity_main.xml
Drag the Spinner from the pallete, now the activity_main.xml file will like this:
oid"
6.
7. <Spinner
8. android:id="@+id/spinner1"
13. android:layout_marginTop="83dp" />
14.
Activity class
Let's write the code to display item on the spinner and perform event handling.
1. package com.example.spinner;
6. import android.widget.AdapterView;
7. import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
8. import android.widget.Spinner;
11.
12. public class MainActivity extends Activity implements
13. AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener {
14.
15. String[] country = { "India", "USA", "China", "Japan", "Other", };
16.
17. @Override
21. //Getting the instance of Spinner and applying OnItemSelectedListener o
n it
22. Spinner spin = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.spinner1);
23. spin.setOnItemSelectedListener(this);
24.
25. //Creating the ArrayAdapter instance having the country list
26. ArrayAdapter aa = new ArrayAdapter(this,android.R.layout.simple_spinn
er_item,country);
27. aa.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdo
wn_item);
28. //Setting the ArrayAdapter data on the Spinner
29. spin.setAdapter(aa);
30. }
31.
32.
33. //Performing action onItemSelected and onNothing selected
34. @Override
35. public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int position
,long id) {
36. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),country[position] ,Toast.LENG
TH_LONG).show();
37. }
38.
39. @Override
40. public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> arg0) {
41. // TODO Auto-generated method stub
42.
43. }
44.
45. @Override
49. return true;
50. }
51. }
Output:
Android AutoCompleteTextView
Example
The AutoCompleteTextView completes the word based on the reserved words, so no
need to write all the characters of the word.
In this example, we are displaying the programming languages in the
autocompletetextview. All the programming languages are stored in string array. We
are using the ArrayAdapter class to display the array content.
Example of Android AutoCompleteTextView
Let's see the simple example of autocompletetextview in android.
activity_main.xml
Drag the AutoCompleteTextView and TextView from the pallete, now the
activity_main.xml file will like this:
oid"
6.
7. <TextView
8. android:id="@+id/textView1"
14. android:text="@string/what_is_your_favourite_programming_language_
" />
15.
16. <AutoCompleteTextView
17. android:id="@+id/autoCompleteTextView1"
21. android:layout_below="@+id/textView1"
24. android:ems="10"
25. android:text="">
26.
28. </AutoCompleteTextView>
29.
Activity class
Let's write the code of AutoCompleteTextView.

1. package com.example.autocompletetextview;
2.
5. import android.graphics.Color;
8. import android.widget.AutoCompleteTextView;
9.
11. String[] language ={"C","C+
+","Java",".NET","iPhone","Android","ASP.NET","PHP"};
12. @Override
16.
17. //Creating the instance of ArrayAdapter containing list of language names

18. ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>
19. (this,android.R.layout.select_dialog_item,language);
20. //Getting the instance of AutoCompleteTextView
21. AutoCompleteTextView actv= (AutoCompleteTextView)findViewByI
d(R.id.autoCompleteTextView1);
22. actv.setThreshold(1);//will start working from first character
23. actv.setAdapter(adapter);//setting the adapter data into the AutoComple
teTextView
24. actv.setTextColor(Color.RED);
25.
26. }
27.
28. @Override
32. return true;
33. }
34.
35. }
Output:
Android RatingBar Example
RatingBar can be used to get the rating from the user. The Rating returns a floating-
point number. It may be 2.0, 3.5, 4.0 etc.
The getRating() method of RatingBar class returns the rating number.
Example of Android RatingBar
Let's see the simple example of rating bar in android.
activity_main.xml
Drag the RatingBar and Button from the pallete, now the activity_main.xml file will
like this:
oid"
6.
7. <RatingBar
8. android:id="@+id/ratingBar1"
14.
15. <Button
19. android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/ratingBar1"
20. android:layout_below="@+id/ratingBar1"
23. android:text="submit" />
24.
Activity class
Let's write the code to display the rating of the user.

1. package com.example.rating;
2.
9. import android.widget.RatingBar;
11.
13. RatingBar ratingbar1;
14. Button button;
15. @Override
20. }
21.
23. ratingbar1=(RatingBar)findViewById(R.id.ratingBar1);
24. button=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
25. //Performing action on Button Click
26. button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
27.
28. @Override
29. public void onClick(View arg0) {
30. //Getting the rating and displaying it on the toast
31. String rating=String.valueOf(ratingbar1.getRating());
32. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), rating, Toast.LENGTH_L
ONG).show();
33. }
34.
35. });
36. }
37. @Override
41. return true;
42. }
43.
44. }

Output:
Android Datepicker Example

Android Datepicker Example
activity_main.xml
oid"
6.
7. <TextView
15. android:text="Current Date:" />
16.
17. <Button
21. android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
23. android:layout_marginBottom="140dp"
24. android:text="Change Date" />
25.
26. <DatePicker
27. android:id="@+id/datePicker1"
30. android:layout_above="@+id/button1"
32. android:layout_marginBottom="30dp" />
33.
Activity class
1. package com.example.datepicker2;
2.
9. import android.widget.DatePicker;
12.
14. DatePicker picker;
15. Button displayDate;
16. TextView textview1;
17. @Override
21.
22. textview1=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView1);
23. picker=(DatePicker)findViewById(R.id.datePicker1);
24. displayDate=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
25.
26. textview1.setText(getCurrentDate());
27.
28. displayDate.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
29. @Override
31. textview1.setText(getCurrentDate());
32. }
33.
34. });
35. }
36. public String getCurrentDate(){
37. StringBuilder builder=new StringBuilder();
38. builder.append("Current Date: ");
39. builder.append((picker.getMonth() + 1)+"/");//month is 0 based
40. builder.append(picker.getDayOfMonth()+"/");
41. builder.append(picker.getYear());
42. return builder.toString();
43. }
44. @Override
48. return true;
49. }
50.
51. }
Android TimePicker Example

Android TimePicker Example
activity_main.xml
oid"
6.
7. <TimePicker
8. android:id="@+id/timePicker1"
14.
15. <TextView
19. android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/timePicker1"
22. android:text="Current Time:" />
23.
24. <Button
28. android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/timePicker1"
29. android:layout_below="@+id/timePicker1"
32. android:text="Change Time" />
33.
Activity class
1. package com.example.timepicker1;
2.
10. import android.widget.TimePicker;
12.
15. TimePicker timepicker1;
16. Button changetime;
17.
18. @Override
22.
23. textview1=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView1);
24. timepicker1=(TimePicker)findViewById(R.id.timePicker1);
25. //Uncomment the below line of code for 24 hour view
26. timepicker1.setIs24HourView(true);
27. changetime=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
28.
29. textview1.setText(getCurrentTime());
30.
31. changetime.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
32. @Override
34. textview1.setText(getCurrentTime());
35. }
36. });
37.
38. }
39.
40. public String getCurrentTime(){
41. String currentTime="Current Time: "+timepicker1.getCurrentHour()
+":"+timepicker1.getCurrentMinute();
42. return currentTime;
43. }
44. @Override
48. return true;
49. }
50.
51. }
Android analog clock and digital clock

example
In android, you need to drag analog and digital clocks from the pallet to display
analog and digital clocks. It represents the timing of the current device.
The android.widget.AnalogClock and android.widget.DigitalClock classes
provides the functionality to display analog and digital clocks.
Note: Analog and Digital clocks cannot be used to change the time of the device.
To do so, you need to use DatePicker and TimePicker.
activity_main.xml
Now, drag the anaglog and digital clocks, now the xml file will look like this.
oid"
6.
7. <AnalogClock
8. android:id="@+id/analogClock1"
14.
15. <DigitalClock
16. android:id="@+id/digitalClock1"
19. android:layout_below="@+id/analogClock1"
22. android:text="DigitalClock" />
23.
Activity class
We have not write any code here.

1. package com.example.analogdigital;
2.
6.
8.
9. @Override
13. }
14.
15. @Override
19. return true;
20. }
21. }
Output:
Android ProgressBar Example

We can display the progress bar dialog box to display the status of work being done
e.g. downloading file etc.
In this example, we are displaying the progress dialog for dummy file download.
The ProgressDialog class provides methods to work on progress bar like
setProgress(), setMessage(), show() etc.
activity_main.xml
Drag one button from the pallete, now the activity_main.xml file will look like this:
oid"
6.
7. <Button
14. android:text="download file" />
15.
Activity class
Let's write the code to display the progress bar dialog box.
1. package com.example.progressbar1;
2.
4. import android.app.ProgressDialog;
6. import android.os.Handler;
11.
13. Button btnStartProgress;
14. ProgressDialog progressBar;
15. private int progressBarStatus = 0;
16. private Handler progressBarHandler = new Handler();
17. private long fileSize = 0;
18.
19. @Override
24. }
25.
26. public void addListenerOnButtonClick() {
27.
28. btnStartProgress = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
29. btnStartProgress.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
30.
31. @Override
33.
34. // creating progress bar dialog
35. progressBar = new ProgressDialog(v.getContext());
36. progressBar.setCancelable(true);
37. progressBar.setMessage("File downloading ...");
38. progressBar.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL
);
39. progressBar.setProgress(0);
40. progressBar.setMax(100);
41. progressBar.show();
42.
43. //reset progress bar and filesize status
44. progressBarStatus = 0;
45. fileSize = 0;
46.
47. new Thread(new Runnable() {
48. public void run() {
49. while (progressBarStatus < 100) {
50.
51. // performing operation
52. progressBarStatus = doOperation();
53.
54. try {
55. Thread.sleep(1000);
56. } catch (InterruptedException e) {
57. e.printStackTrace();
58. }
59.
60. // Updating the progress bar
61. progressBarHandler.post(new Runnable() {
62. public void run() {
63. progressBar.setProgress(progressBarStatus);
64. }
65. });
66. }
67.
68. // performing operation if file is downloaded,
69. if (progressBarStatus >= 100) {
70.
71. // sleeping for 1 second after operation completed
72. try {
73. Thread.sleep(1000);
74. } catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
75.
76. // close the progress bar dialog
77. progressBar.dismiss();
78. }
79. }
80. }).start();
81. }//end of onClick method
82. });
83. }
84.
85. // checking how much file is downloaded and updating the filesize
86. public int doOperation() {
87. //The range of ProgressDialog starts from 0 to 10000
88. while (fileSize <= 10000) {
89. fileSize++;
90. if (fileSize == 1000) {
91. return 10;
92. } else if (fileSize == 2000) {
93. return 20;
95. return 30;
97. return 40;
99. return 50;
101. return 60;
102. }
103. else if (fileSize == 7000) {
104. return 70;
105. }
107. return 80;
108. }
110. return 90;
111. }
113. return 100;
114. }
115. }//end of while
116. return 100;
117. }//end of doOperation
118.
119. @Override

122. getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
123. return true;
124. }
125. }
Output:
Android Life Cycle of Activity

We can control and manage the resource through the life cycle methods of activity.
There are 7 life cycle methods of android.app.Activity class. They are as follows:
Method Description
onCreate called when activity is first created.
onStart called when activity is becoming visible to the user.
onResume called when activity will start interacting with the user.
onPause called when activity is not visible to the user.
onStop called when activity is no longer visible to the user.
onRestart called after your activity is stopped, prior to start.
onDestroy called before the activity is destroyed.
Android Activity Life Cycle Example
It provides the details about the invocation of life cycle methods of activity. In this
example, we are displaying the content on the logcat.
1. package com.example.activitylifecycle;
2.
5. import android.util.Log;
7.
9.
10. @Override
14. Log.d("lifecycle","onCreate invoked");
15. }
16. @Override
17. protected void onStart() {
18. super.onStart();
19. Log.d("lifecycle","onStart invoked");
20. }
21. @Override
22. protected void onResume() {
23.
24. super.onResume();
25. Log.d("lifecycle","onResume invoked");
26. }
27.
28.
29. @Override
30. protected void onPause() {
31.
32. super.onPause();
33. Log.d("lifecycle","onPause invoked");
34. }
35. @Override
36. protected void onStop() {
37.
38. super.onStop();
39. Log.d("lifecycle","onStop invoked");
40. }
41.
42. @Override
43. protected void onRestart() {
44.
45. super.onRestart();
46. Log.d("lifecycle","onRestart invoked");
47. }
48. @Override
49. protected void onDestroy() {
50.
51. super.onDestroy();
52. Log.d("lifecycle","onDestroy invoked");
53. }
54. }
Output:
You will not see any output on the emulator or device. You need to open logcat.
Now see on the logcat: onCreate, onStart and onResume methods are invoked.
Now click on the HOME Button. You will see onPause method is invoked.
After a while, you will see onStop method is invoked.
Now see on the emulator. It is on the home. Now click on the center button to launch
the app again.
Now click on the lifecycleactivity icon.
Now see on the logcat: onRestart, onStart and onResume methods are invoked.
If you see the emulator, application is started again.
Now click on the back button. Now you will see onPause methods is invoked.
After a while, you will see onStop and onDestroy methods are invoked.
Android Intent Tutorial
Intent is the message that is passed between components such as activities, content
providers, broadcast receivers, services etc.
The dictionary meaning of intent is intention or purpose. So, it can be described as
the intention to do action.
It is mainly used to:
 Start the service
 Launch an activity
 Display a web page
 Display a list of contacts
 Broadcast a message
 Dial a phone call etc.
Types of Intents
There are two types of intents in android: implicit and explicit.
Implicit Intent
Implicit Intent doesn't specifiy the component. In such case, intent provides
information of available components provided by the system that is to be invoked.
For example, you may write the following code to view the webpage.
1. Intent intent=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
2. intent.setData(Uri.parse("http://www.javatpoint.com"));
3. startActivity(intent);
Explicit Intent
Explicit Intent specifies the component. In such case, intent provides the external
class to be invoked.
1. Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), ActivityTwo.class);
2. startActivity(i);
To get the full code of explicit intent, visit the next page.
Android Implicit Intent Example
Let's see the simple example of implicit intent that displays a web page.
activity_main.xml
oid"
6.
7. <EditText
15.
16. <Button
23. android:text="Visit" />
24.
Activity class
1. package org.sssit.implicitintent;
2.
3. import android.net.Uri;
6. import android.content.Intent;
11.
13.
14. @Override
18.
19. final EditText editText1=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1);
20. Button button1=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
21.
22. button1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
23.
24. @Override
26. String url=editText1.getText().toString();
27. Intent intent=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,Uri.parse(url));
29. }
30. });
31. }
32.
33. }
Output:
Android Explicit Intent Example
Explicit intent specifies the component that is which class to be invoked. We can
pass the information from one activity to another using explicit intent.
Here, we are going to see an example to call one activity from another and vice-versa.
Android calling one activity from another activity example
Let's see the simple example of android explicit example that calls one activity from
another and vice versa.
activity_main.xml
oid"
6.
7. <Button
8. android:id="@+id/Button01"
12. android:layout_below="@+id/TextView01"
16. android:text="Call second activity" />
17.
18. <TextView
19. android:id="@+id/TextView01"
22. android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/Button01"
26. android:minHeight="60dip"
27. android:text="First Activity"
28. android:textSize="20sp" />
29.
activitytwo_main.xml
File: activitytwo_main.xml
oid"
6.
7. <Button
8. android:id="@+id/Button01"
12. android:layout_below="@+id/TextView01"
16. android:text="Call First activity" />
17.
18. <TextView
19. android:id="@+id/TextView01"
22. android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/Button01"
26. android:minHeight="60dip"
27. android:text="Second Activity"
28. android:textSize="20sp" />
29.
ActivityOne class
File: MainActivityOne.java
1. package com.example.explicitintent2;
2.
11.
12. public class ActivityOne extends Activity {
13.
14. /** Called when the activity is first created. */
15.
16. @Override
20.
21. Button button1=(Button)findViewById(R.id.Button01);
22.
23. button1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
25. Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), ActivityTwo.class);
26. i.putExtra("Value1", "Android By Javatpoint");
27. i.putExtra("Value2", "Simple Tutorial");
28. // Set the request code to any code you like, you can identify the
29. // callback via this code
31. }
32. });
33.
34. }
35.
36.
37. }
ActivityTwo class
File: MainActivityTwo.java
1. package com.example.explicitintent2;
2.
12.
13. public class ActivityTwo extends Activity {
14.
15.
17.
18. @Override
19. public void onCreate(Bundle bundle) {
20. super.onCreate(bundle);
21.
22. TextView tv=new TextView(this);
23. tv.setText("second activity");
24. setContentView(R.layout.activity_two);
25.
26. Bundle extras = getIntent().getExtras();
27. String value1 = extras.getString("Value1");
28. String value2 = extras.getString("Value2");
29.
30. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Values are:\n First value: "+valu
e1+
31. "\n Second Value: "+value2,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
32.
33. Button button1=(Button)findViewById(R.id.Button01);
34.
37. Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), ActivityOne.class);
39. }
40. });
41. }
42. }
Output:
Android StartActivityForResult
Example
We can send information from one activity to another and vice-versa. The
startActivityForResult method, requires a result from the second activity (activity to
be invoked). In such case, we need to override the onActivityResult method that is
invoked automatically when second activity returns result.
Android StartActivityForResult Example

Let's see the simple example of startActivityForResult method.
activity_main.xml
Drag one textview and one button from the pallete, now the xml file will look like
this.
oid"
10.
11. <TextView
15. android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/button1"
18. android:text="Default Message" />
19.
20. <Button
27. android:text="GetMessage" />
28.
second_main.xml
This xml file is created automatically when you create another activity. To create
new activity Right click on the package inside the src -> New -> Other ->Android
Activity.
Now drag one editText, one textView and one button from the pallete, now the xml
File: second_main.xml
oid"
9. tools:context=".SecondActivity" >
10.
11. <EditText
17. android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/textView1"
19.
20. <TextView
24. android:layout_alignBaseline="@+id/editText1"
25. android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/editText1"
27. android:text="Enter Message:" />
28.
29. <Button
36. android:text="Submit" />
37.
Activity class
Now let's write the code that invokes another activity and get result from that activity.
1. package com.javatpoint.startactivityforresult;
2.
11.
13. TextView textView1;
14. Button button1;
15. @Override
19.
20. textView1=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView1);
22.
24.
25. @Override
27. Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this,SecondActivity.class);
28. startActivityForResult(intent, 2);// Activity is started with requestCo
de 2
29. }
30. });
31. }
32.
33. // Call Back method to get the Message form other Activity
34. @Override
35. protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent da
ta)
36. {
37. super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
38.
39. // check if the request code is same as what is passed here it is 2
40. if(requestCode==2)
41. {
42. String message=data.getStringExtra("MESSAGE");
43. textView1.setText(message);
44.
45. }
46.
47. }
48.
49. @Override
53. return true;
54. }
55.
56. }
SecondActivity class
Let's write the code that displays the content of second activity layout file.
File: SecondActivity.java
1. package com.javatpoint.startactivityforresult;
2.
12.
13. public class SecondActivity extends Activity {
14. EditText editText1;
15. Button button1;
16. @Override
19. setContentView(R.layout.activity_second);
20.
21. editText1=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1);
23.
25.
26. @Override
28. String message=editText1.getText().toString();
29. Intent intent=new Intent();
30. intent.putExtra("MESSAGE",message);
31.
32. setResult(2,intent);
33.
34. finish();//finishing activity
35. }
36. });
37. }
38.
39. @Override
42. getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.second, menu);
43. return true;
44. }
45.
46. }
Output:
Android Option Menu Example
Option Menus are the primary menus of android. They can be used for settings,
search, delete item etc.
Here, we are going to see two examples of option menus. First, the simple option
menus and second, options menus with images.
Here, we are inflating the menu by calling the inflate() method of MenuInflater
class. To perform event handling on menu items, you need to override
onOptionsItemSelected() method of Activity class.
Android Option Menu Example
Let's see how to create menu in android. Let's see the simple option menu example
that contains three menu items.
activity_main.xml
We have only one textview in this file.

oid"
10.
11. <TextView
15.
menu_main.xml
It contains three items as show below. It is created automatically inside the res/menu
directory.
File: menu_main.xml
1. <menu xmlns:androclass="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
2.
3. <item android:id="@+id/item1"
4. android:title="Item 1"/>
5.
8.
11.
12. </menu>
Activity class
This class displays the content of menu.xml file and performs event handling on
clicking the menu items.
1. package com.javatpoint.optionmenu;
5. import android.view.MenuItem;
7.
9. @Override
13. }
14. @Override
17. getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);//Menu Resource, Menu
18. return true;
19. }
20.
21. @Override
22. public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
23. switch (item.getItemId()) {
24. case R.id.item1:
25. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Item 1 Selected",Toast.LE
NGTH_LONG).show();
26. return true;
27.
29. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Item 2 Selected",Toast.L
ENGTH_LONG).show();
30. return true;
31.
33. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Item 3 Selected",Toast.L
ENGTH_LONG).show();
34. return true;
35.
36. default:
37. return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
38. }
39. }
40. }
Output:
Output without clicking on the menu button.
Output after clicking on the menu button.

Output after clicking on the second menu item .
Option Menu with Icon
You need to have icon images inside the res/drawable directory. The android:icon
element is used to display the icon on the option menu. You can write the string
information in the strings.xml file. But we have written it inside the menu_main.xml
file.
File: menu_main.xml
2.
4. android:icon="@drawable/add"
6.
8. android:icon="@drawable/minus"
10.
12. android:icon="@drawable/delete"
14.
15. </menu>
Android Context Menu Example

The context menu appears when user press long click on the element. It is also known
as floating menu.
It doesn't support item shortcuts and icons.
Android Context Menu Example
Let's see the simple example of context menu in android.
activity_main.xml
Drag one listview from the pallete, now the xml file will look like this:
"
10.
11. <ListView
12. android:id="@+id/listView1"
18. android:layout_marginTop="53dp" >
19. </ListView>
20.
Activity class
Let's write the code to display the context menu on press of the listview.
1. package com.javatpoint.contextmenu;
4. import android.view.ContextMenu;
5. import android.view.ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo;
11. import android.widget.ListView;
13.
15. ListView listView1;
16. String contacts[]={"Ajay","Sachin","Sumit","Tarun","Yogesh"};
17.
18. @Override
22.
23. listView1=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.listView1);
24.
25. ArrayAdapter<String> adapter=new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,android.
R.layout.simple_list_item_1,contacts);
26. listView1.setAdapter(adapter);
27.
28. // Register the ListView for Context menu
29. registerForContextMenu(listView1);
30. }
31.
32. @Override
33. public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMe
nuInfo menuInfo)
34. {
35. super.onCreateContextMenu(menu, v, menuInfo);
36. menu.setHeaderTitle("Select The Action");
37. menu.add(0, v.getId(), 0, "Call");//groupId, itemId, order, title
38. menu.add(0, v.getId(), 0, "SMS");
39. }
40.
41. @Override
42. public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item){
43. if(item.getTitle()=="Call"){
44. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"calling code",Toast.LEN
GTH_LONG).show();
45. }
46. else if(item.getTitle()=="SMS"){
47. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"sending sms code",Toast.
LENGTH_LONG).show();
48. }else{
49. return false;
50. }
51. return true;
52. }
53. }
Output:
Output after long press on the listview.

Output after clicking on the context menu.
Android Popup Menu Example

Popup Menu displays the menu below the anchor text if space is available otherwise
above the anchor text. It disappears if you click outside the popup menu.
Android Popup Menu Example
Let's see how to create popup menu in android.
activity_main.xml
It contains only one button.
oid"
10.
11. <Button
19. android:text="Show Popup" />
20.
popup_menu.xml
It contains three items as show below. It is created inside the res/menu directory.
File: poupup_menu.xml
2.
3. <item
4. android:id="@+id/one"
5. android:title="One"/>
6.
7. <item
8. android:id="@+id/two"
9. android:title="Two"/>
10.
11. <item
12. android:id="@+id/three"
13. android:title="Three"/>
14.
15. </menu>
Activity class
It displays the popup menu on button click.
1. package com.javatpoint.popupmenu;
9. import android.widget.PopupMenu;
12. Button button1;
13.
14. @Override
18.
19. button1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
21.
22. @Override
24. //Creating the instance of PopupMenu
25. PopupMenu popup = new PopupMenu(MainActivity.this, button1);
26. //Inflating the Popup using xml file
27. popup.getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.popup_menu, popup.getMenu
());
28.
29. //registering popup with OnMenuItemClickListener
30. popup.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new PopupMenu.OnMenuItemCl
ickListener() {
31. public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
32. Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"You Clicked : " + item.getTitle(),
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
33. return true;
34. }
35. });
36.
37. popup.show();//showing popup menu
38. }
39. });//closing the setOnClickListener method
40. }
41. }

Output:
Android Service Tutorial

A service is a component that is used to perform operations on the background such
as playing music, handle network transactions, interacting content providers etc. It
doesn't has any UI (user interface).
The service runs in the background indefinitely even if application is destroyed.
Moreover, service can be bounded by a component to perform interactivity and inter
process communication (IPC).
Understanding the Life Cycle of Service
There can be two forms of a service.

1. Started
2. Bound
The lifecycle of service can follow two different paths: started or bound.
1) Started Service
A service is started when component (like activity) calls startService() method, now
it runs in the background indefinitely. It is stopped by stopService() method. The
service can stop itself by calling the stopSelf() method.
2) Bound Service
A service is bound when another component (e.g. client) calls bindService() method.
The client can unbind the service by calling the unbindService() method.
The service cannot be stopped until all clients unbind the service.
Understanding Started and Bound Service by background music example
Suppose, I want to play music in the background, so call startService() method. But I
want to get information of the current song being played, I will bind the service that
provides information about the current song.
Android Service Example
Let's see the example of service in android that plays an audio in the background.
Audio will not be stopped even if you switch to another activity. To stop the audio,
you need to stop the service.
activity_main.xml
Drag the 3 buttons from the pallete, now the activity_main.xml will look like this:
oid"
10.
11. <Button
12. android:id="@+id/buttonStart"
18. android:text="Start Service" />
19.
20. <Button
21. android:id="@+id/buttonStop"
24. android:layout_above="@+id/buttonNext"
25. android:layout_alignRight="@+id/buttonStart"
26. android:layout_marginBottom="35dp"
27. android:text="Stop Service" />
28.
29. <Button
30. android:id="@+id/buttonNext"
33. android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/buttonStop"
35. android:text="Next Page" />
36.
activity_next.xml
It is the layout file of next activity.

File: activity_next.xml
It contains only one textview displaying the message Next Page
oid"
10.
11. <TextView
19. android:text="Next Page" />
20.
Service class
Now create the service implemenation class by inheriting the Service class and
overridding its callback methods.
File: MyService.java
1. package com.example.serviceexampleaudio;
2.
3. import android.app.Service;
5. import android.media.MediaPlayer;
6. import android.os.IBinder;
8.
9. public class MyService extends Service {
10. MediaPlayer myPlayer;
11.
12. @Override
13. public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
14. return null;
15. }
16.
17. @Override
18. public void onCreate() {
19. Toast.makeText(this, "Service Created", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
20.
21. myPlayer = MediaPlayer.create(this, R.raw.sun);
22. myPlayer.setLooping(false); // Set looping
23. }
24.
25. @Override
26. public void onStart(Intent intent, int startid) {
27. Toast.makeText(this, "Service Started", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
28. myPlayer.start();
29. }
30.
31. @Override
32. public void onDestroy() {
33. Toast.makeText(this, "Service Stopped", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
34. myPlayer.stop();
35. }
36. }
Activity class
Now create the MainActivity class to perform event handling. Here, we are writing
the code to start and stop service. Additionally, calling the second activity on
buttonNext.
2.
9.
10. public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
11. Button buttonStart, buttonStop,buttonNext;
12.
13. @Override
17.
18. buttonStart = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonStart);
19. buttonStop = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonStop);
20. buttonNext = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonNext);
21.
22. buttonStart.setOnClickListener(this);
23. buttonStop.setOnClickListener(this);
24. buttonNext.setOnClickListener(this);
25. }
26.
27. public void onClick(View src) {
28. switch (src.getId()) {
29. case R.id.buttonStart:
30. startService(new Intent(this, MyService.class));
31. break;
32. case R.id.buttonStop:
33. stopService(new Intent(this, MyService.class));
34. break;
35. case R.id.buttonNext:
36. Intent intent=new Intent(this,NextPage.class);
38. break;
39. }
40. }
41. }
NextPage class
Now, create another activity.

File: NextPage.java
4.
5. public class NextPage extends Activity {
6. @Override
9. setContentView(R.layout.activity_next);
10.
11. }
12. }
Declare the Service in the AndroidManifest.xml file
Finally, declare the service in the manifest file.

Let's see the complete AndroidManifest.xml file
3. package="com.example.serviceexampleaudio"
6.
7. <uses-sdk
10.
11. <application
16. <activity
17. android:name="com.example.serviceexampleaudio.MainActivity"
18. android:label="@string/app_name" >
19. <intent-filter>
21.
24. </activity>
25.
26. <service
27. android:name=".MyService"
28. android:enabled="true" />
29. <activity
30. android:name=".NextPage"/>
31. </application>
32.
33. </manifest>
Output:
Android Internal Storage Example
We are able to save or read data from the device internal memory. FileInputStream
and FileOutputStream classes are used to read and write data into the file.
Here, we are going to read and write data to the internal storage of the device.
Example of reading and writing data to the android internal storage
activity_main.xml
Drag the 2 edittexts, 2 textviews and 2 buttons from the pallete, now the
"
6.
7. <EditText
11. android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
13. android:layout_marginRight="20dp"
16.
18. </EditText>
19.
20. <EditText
24. android:layout_alignRight="@+id/editText1"
28.
29. <TextView
36. android:text="File Name:" />
37.
38. <TextView
45. android:text="Data:" />
46.
47. <Button
55. android:text="save" />
56.
57. <Button
61. android:layout_alignBaseline="@+id/button1"
62. android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/button1"
63. android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/button1"
64. android:text="read" />
65.
Activity class
Let's write the code to write and read data from the internal storage.
1. package com.example.internalstorage;
2.
3. import java.io.BufferedReader;
4. import java.io.FileInputStream;
5. import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
6. import java.io.FileOutputStream;
7. import java.io.IOException;
8. import java.io.InputStreamReader;
9.
12. import android.content.Context;
19.
21. EditText editTextFileName,editTextData;
22. Button saveButton,readButton;
23. @Override
27.
28. editTextFileName=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1);
29. editTextData=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText2);
30. saveButton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
31. readButton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);
32.
33. //Performing Action on Read Button
34. saveButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
35.
36. @Override
38. String filename=editTextFileName.getText().toString();
39. String data=editTextData.getText().toString();
40.
41. FileOutputStream fos;
42. try {
43. fos = openFileOutput(filename, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
44. //default mode is PRIVATE, can be APPEND etc.
45. fos.write(data.getBytes());
46. fos.close();
47.
48. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),filename + " saved",
49. Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
50.
51.
52. } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
53. catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
54.
55. }
56.
57. });
58.
59. //Performing Action on Read Button
60. readButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
61.
62. @Override
65. StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
66. try {
67. //Attaching BufferedReader to the FileInputStream by the help of
InputStreamReader
68. BufferedReader inputReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStr
eamReader(
69. openFileInput(filename)));
70. String inputString;
71. //Reading data line by line and storing it into the stringbuffer

72. while ((inputString = inputReader.readLine()) != null) {
73. stringBuffer.append(inputString + "\n");
74. }
75.
76. } catch (IOException e) {
78. }
79. //Displaying data on the toast
80. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),stringBuffer.toString(),
82.
83. }
84.
85. });
86. }
87.
88. @Override
92. return true;
93. }
94.
95. }
Android External Storage Example

Like internal storage, we are able to save or read data from the device external
memory such as sdcard. FileInputStream and FileOutputStream classes are used to
read and write data into the file.
Example of reading and writing data in the android external storage
activity_main.xml
Drag the 2 edittexts, 2 textviews and 2 buttons from the pallete, now the
"
6.
7. <EditText
16.
18. </EditText>
19.
20. <EditText
24. android:layout_alignRight="@+id/editText1"
28.
29. <TextView
36. android:text="File Name:" />
37.
38. <TextView
45. android:text="Data:" />
46.
47. <Button
55. android:text="save" />
56.
57. <Button
61. android:layout_alignBaseline="@+id/button1"
62. android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/button1"
64. android:text="read" />
65.
Provide permission for the external storage
You need to provide the WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission.
1. <uses-permission android:nam
e="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
File: Activity_Manifest.xml
2. <manifest
3.
4. xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
5. package="com.example.externalstorage"
8.
9. <uses-sdk
e="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
13.
14. <application
19. <activity
20. android:name="com.example.externalstorage.MainActivity"
22. <intent-filter>
24.
27. </activity>
28. </application>
29.
30. </manifest>
Activity class
Let's write the code to write and read data from the android external storage.
1. package com.example.externalstorage;
2.
3. import java.io.BufferedReader;
4. import java.io.File;
5. import java.io.FileInputStream;
6. import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
7. import java.io.FileOutputStream;
9. import java.io.InputStreamReader;
10. import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
11.
21.
23. EditText editTextFileName,editTextData;
24. Button saveButton,readButton;
25. @Override
29.
30. editTextFileName=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1);
31. editTextData=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText2);
32. saveButton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
33. readButton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);
34.
35. //Performing action on save button
36. saveButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
37.
38. @Override
41. String data=editTextData.getText().toString();
42.
43. FileOutputStream fos;
44. try {
45. File myFile = new File("/sdcard/"+filename);
46. myFile.createNewFile();
47. FileOutputStream fOut = new
48.
49. FileOutputStream(myFile);
50. OutputStreamWriter myOutWriter = new
51.
52. OutputStreamWriter(fOut);
53. myOutWriter.append(data);
54. myOutWriter.close();
55. fOut.close();
56.
57. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),filename + "
58.
59. saved",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
60.
61.
62. } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
64.
65. }
66.
67. });
68.
69. //Performing action on Read Button
70. readButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
71.
72. @Override
75. StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
76. String aDataRow = "";
77. String aBuffer = "";
78. try {
79. File myFile = new File("/sdcard/"+filename);
80. FileInputStream fIn = new FileInputStream(myFile);
81. BufferedReader myReader = new BufferedReader(
82. new InputStreamReader(fIn));
83.
84. while ((aDataRow = myReader.readLine()) != null) {
85. aBuffer += aDataRow + "\n";
86. }
87. myReader.close();
88.
91. }
92. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext
93.
94. (),aBuffer,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
95.
96. }
97.
98. });
99. }
100.
101. @Override

105. return true;
106. }
107.
108. }
Android SQLite Tutorial

SQLite is an open-source relational database i.e. used to perform database
operations on android devices such as storing, manipulating or retrieving persistent
data from the database.
It is embedded in android bydefault. So, there is no need to perform any database
setup or administration task.
Here, we are going to see the example of sqlite to store and fetch the data. Data is
displayed in the logcat. For displaying data on the spinner or listview, move to the
next page.
SQLiteOpenHelper class provides the functionality to use the SQLite database.
SQLiteOpenHelper class
The android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper class is used for database creation and
version management. For performing any database operation, you have to provide the
implementation of onCreate() and onUpgrade() methods of SQLiteOpenHelper
class.
Constructors of SQLiteOpenHelper class

There are two constructors of SQLiteOpenHelper class.
Constructor Description
creates an object for
SQLiteOpenHelper(Context context, String name,
creating, opening and
SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory, int version)
managing the database.
creates an object for
SQLiteOpenHelper(Context context, String name,
creating, opening and
SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory, int version,
managing the database. It
DatabaseErrorHandler errorHandler)
specifies the error handler.
Methods of SQLiteOpenHelper class
There are many methods in SQLiteOpenHelper class. Some of them are as follows:
Method Description
called only once when
public abstract void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) database is created for the first
time.
public abstract void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase called when database needs to
db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) be upgraded.
public synchronized void close () closes the database object.
public void onDowngrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int called when database needs to
oldVersion, int newVersion) be downgraded.
SQLiteDatabase class
It contains methods to be performed on sqlite database such as create, update, delete,
select etc.
Methods of SQLiteDatabase class
There are many methods in SQLiteDatabase class. Some of them are as follows:
Method Description
void execSQL(String sql) executes the sql query not select query.
inserts a record on the database. The table
specifies the table name, nullColumnHack doesn't
long insert(String table, String
allow completely null values. If second argument
nullColumnHack, ContentValues
is null, android will store null values if values are
values)
empty. The third argument specifies the values to
be stored.
int update(String table,
ContentValues values, String updates a row.
whereClause, String[] whereArgs)
Cursor query(String table,
String[] columns, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs, String returns a cursor over the resultset.
groupBy, String having, String
orderBy)
Example of android SQLite database
Let's see the simple example of android sqlite database.

File: Contact.java
1. package com.example.sqlite;
2. public class Contact {
3. int _id;
4. String _name;
5. String _phone_number;
6. public Contact(){ }
7. public Contact(int id, String name, String _phone_number){
8. this._id = id;
9. this._name = name;
10. this._phone_number = _phone_number;
11. }
12.
13. public Contact(String name, String _phone_number){
15. this._phone_number = _phone_number;
16. }
17. public int getID(){
18. return this._id;
19. }
20.
21. public void setID(int id){
22. this._id = id;
23. }
24.
25. public String getName(){
26. return this._name;
27. }
28.
29. public void setName(String name){
31. }
32.
33. public String getPhoneNumber(){
34. return this._phone_number;
35. }
36.
37. public void setPhoneNumber(String phone_number){
38. this._phone_number = phone_number;
39. }
40. }
File: DatabaseHandler.java
Now, let's create the database handler class that extends SQLiteOpenHelper class and
provides the implementation of its methods.
2. import java.util.ArrayList;
3. import java.util.List;
4.
5. import android.content.ContentValues;
7. import android.database.Cursor;
8. import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
9. import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
10.
11. public class DatabaseHandler extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
12. private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
13. private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "contactsManager";
14. private static final String TABLE_CONTACTS = "contacts";
15. private static final String KEY_ID = "id";
16. private static final String KEY_NAME = "name";
17. private static final String KEY_PH_NO = "phone_number";
18.
19. public DatabaseHandler(Context context) {
20. super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
21. //3rd argument to be passed is CursorFactory instance
22. }
23.
24. // Creating Tables
25. @Override
26. public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
27. String CREATE_CONTACTS_TABLE = "CREATE TABLE " + TABL
E_CONTACTS + "("
28. + KEY_ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + KEY_NAME + " T
EXT,"
29. + KEY_PH_NO + " TEXT" + ")";
30. db.execSQL(CREATE_CONTACTS_TABLE);
31. }
32.
33. // Upgrading database
34. @Override
35. public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion)
{
36. // Drop older table if existed
37. db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_CONTACTS);
38.
39. // Create tables again
40. onCreate(db);
41. }
42.
43. // code to add the new contact
44. void addContact(Contact contact) {
45. SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
46.
47. ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
48. values.put(KEY_NAME, contact.getName()); // Contact Name
49. values.put(KEY_PH_NO, contact.getPhoneNumber()); // Contact Phone
50.
51. // Inserting Row
52. db.insert(TABLE_CONTACTS, null, values);
53. //2nd argument is String containing nullColumnHack
54. db.close(); // Closing database connection
55. }
56.
57. // code to get the single contact
58. Contact getContact(int id) {
59. SQLiteDatabase db = this.getReadableDatabase();
60.
61. Cursor cursor = db.query(TABLE_CONTACTS, new String[] { KEY_ID
,
62. KEY_NAME, KEY_PH_NO }, KEY_ID + "=?",
63. new String[] { String.valueOf(id) }, null, null, null, null);
64. if (cursor != null)
65. cursor.moveToFirst();
66.
67. Contact contact = new Contact(Integer.parseInt(cursor.getString(0)),
68. cursor.getString(1), cursor.getString(2));
69. // return contact
70. return contact;
71. }
72.
73. // code to get all contacts in a list view
74. public List<Contact> getAllContacts() {
75. List<Contact> contactList = new ArrayList<Contact>();
76. // Select All Query
77. String selectQuery = "SELECT * FROM " + TABLE_CONTACTS;
78.
80. Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(selectQuery, null);
81.
82. // looping through all rows and adding to list
83. if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
84. do {
85. Contact contact = new Contact();
86. contact.setID(Integer.parseInt(cursor.getString(0)));
87. contact.setName(cursor.getString(1));
88. contact.setPhoneNumber(cursor.getString(2));
89. // Adding contact to list
90. contactList.add(contact);
91. } while (cursor.moveToNext());
92. }
93.
94. // return contact list
95. return contactList;
96. }
97.
98. // code to update the single contact
99. public int updateContact(Contact contact) {
101.
103. values.put(KEY_NAME, contact.getName());
104. values.put(KEY_PH_NO, contact.getPhoneNumber());
105.
106. // updating row
107. return db.update(TABLE_CONTACTS, values, KEY_ID + " = ?"
,
108. new String[] { String.valueOf(contact.getID()) });
109. }
110.
111. // Deleting single contact
112. public void deleteContact(Contact contact) {
114. db.delete(TABLE_CONTACTS, KEY_ID + " = ?",
115. new String[] { String.valueOf(contact.getID()) });
116. db.close();
117. }
118.
119. // Getting contacts Count
120. public int getContactsCount() {
121. String countQuery = "SELECT * FROM " + TABLE_CONTAC
TS;
123. Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(countQuery, null);
124. cursor.close();
125.
126. // return count
127. return cursor.getCount();
128. }
129.
130. }
2.
4.
9.
11.
12. @Override
16.
17. DatabaseHandler db = new DatabaseHandler(this);
18.
19. // Inserting Contacts
20. Log.d("Insert: ", "Inserting ..");
21. db.addContact(new Contact("Ravi", "9100000000"));
22. db.addContact(new Contact("Srinivas", "9199999999"));
23. db.addContact(new Contact("Tommy", "9522222222"));
24. db.addContact(new Contact("Karthik", "9533333333"));
25.
26. // Reading all contacts
27. Log.d("Reading: ", "Reading all contacts..");
28. List<Contact> contacts = db.getAllContacts();
29.
30. for (Contact cn : contacts) {
31. String log = "Id: "+cn.getID()+" ,Name: " + cn.getName() + " ,Phone: "
+
32. cn.getPhoneNumber();
33. // Writing Contacts to log
34. Log.d("Name: ", log);
35. }
36. }
37.
38. @Override
42. return true;
43. }
44.
45. }
download this sqlite example
Output:
Open Logcat and see the output. It is the basic example of android sqlite without any
GUI.
For GUI application with android SQLite, visit next page.
Output:
Android Sqlite Example
In this example, we are adding a lable on button click and displaying all the added
labels on the spinner. As you have seen in the previous example, SQLiteOpenHelper
class need to be extended for performing oprations on the sqlite.
We have overridden the onCreate() and onUpgrade() method of SQLiteOpenHelper
class in the DatabaseHandler class that provides additional methods to insert and
display the lables or data.
Android Sqlite Spinner Example
Let's see the simple code to add and display the string content on spinner using sqlite
database.
activity_main.xml
oid"
6.
7. 
8. <TextView
9. android:layout_width="fill_parent"
11. android:text="Add New Label"
12. android:padding="8dip" />
13.
14. 
15. <EditText android:id="@+id/input_label"
18. android:layout_marginLeft="8dip"
19. android:layout_marginRight="8dip"/>
20.
21. <Spinner
22. android:id="@+id/spinner"
26. android:layout_below="@+id/btn_add"
28.
29. <Button
30. android:id="@+id/btn_add"
33. android:layout_below="@+id/input_label"
35. android:text="Add Item" />
36.
Activity class
1. package com.example.sqlitespinner;
2.
9. import android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodManager;
11. import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener;
17.
18. public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnItemSelectedListen
er{
19. Spinner spinner;
20. Button btnAdd;
21. EditText inputLabel;
22.
23. @Override
27.
28. spinner = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.spinner);
29. btnAdd = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_add);
30. inputLabel = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.input_label);
31.
32. spinner.setOnItemSelectedListener(this);
33.
34. // Loading spinner data from database
35. loadSpinnerData();
36.
37. btnAdd.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
38.
39. @Override
41. String label = inputLabel.getText().toString();
42.
43. if (label.trim().length() > 0) {
44. DatabaseHandler db = new DatabaseHandler(getApplicationCont
ext());
45. db.insertLabel(label);
46.
47. // making input filed text to blank
48. inputLabel.setText("");
49.
50. // Hiding the keyboard
51. InputMethodManager imm = (InputMethodManager)
52. getSystemService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);
53. imm.hideSoftInputFromWindow(inputLabel.getWindowToken(),
0);
54.
55. // loading spinner with newly added data
57. } else {
58. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Please enter label nam
e",
59. Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
60. }
61.
62. }
63. });
64. }
65.
66. /**
67. * Function to load the spinner data from SQLite database
68. * */
69. private void loadSpinnerData() {
70. DatabaseHandler db = new DatabaseHandler(getApplicationContext());
71. List<String> lables = db.getAllLabels();
72.
73. // Creating adapter for spinner
74. ArrayAdapter<String> dataAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,an
droid.R.layout.simple_spinner_item, lables);
75.
76. // Drop down layout style - list view with radio button
77. dataAdapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinn
er_dropdown_item);
78.
79. // attaching data adapter to spinner
80. spinner.setAdapter(dataAdapter);
81. }
82.
83. @Override
84. public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int positio
n,
85. long id) {
86. // On selecting a spinner item
87. String label = parent.getItemAtPosition(position).toString();
88.
89. // Showing selected spinner item
90. Toast.makeText(parent.getContext(), "You selected: " + label,
92.
93. }
94.
95. @Override
97. // TODO Auto-generated method stub
98.
99. }
100. @Override

104. return true;
105. }
106.
107. }
DatabaseHandler class
File: DatabaseHandler.java
1. package com.example.sqlitespinner2;
6. import android.database.Cursor;
7. import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
8. import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
9.
10. public class DatabaseHandler extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
11. private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
12. private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "spinnerExample";
13. private static final String TABLE_NAME = "labels";
14. private static final String COLUMN_ID = "id";
15. private static final String COLUMN_NAME = "name";
16.
17. public DatabaseHandler(Context context) {
18. super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
19. }
20.
21. // Creating Tables
22. @Override
23. public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
24. // Category table create query
25. String CREATE_ITEM_TABLE = "CREATE TABLE " + TABLE_NA
ME + "("
26. + COLUMN_ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + COLUMN_N
AME + " TEXT)";
27. db.execSQL(CREATE_ITEM_TABLE);
28. }
29.
30. // Upgrading database
31. @Override
32. public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion)
{
33. // Drop older table if existed
34. db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_NAME);
35.
36. // Create tables again
37. onCreate(db);
38. }
39.
40. /**
41. * Inserting new lable into lables table
42. * */
43. public void insertLabel(String label){
45.
47. values.put(COLUMN_NAME, label);//column name, column value
48.
49. // Inserting Row
50. db.insert(TABLE_NAME, null, values);//tableName, nullColumnHack,
CotentValues
51. db.close(); // Closing database connection
52. }
53.
54. /**
55. * Getting all labels
56. * returns list of labels
57. * */
58. public List<String> getAllLabels(){
59. List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
60.
61. // Select All Query
62. String selectQuery = "SELECT * FROM " + TABLE_NAME;
63.
65. Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(selectQuery, null);//selectQuery,selectedAr
guments
66.
67. // looping through all rows and adding to list
68. if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
69. do {
70. list.add(cursor.getString(1));//adding 2nd column data
71. } while (cursor.moveToNext());
72. }
73. // closing connection
74. cursor.close();
75. db.close();
76.
77. // returning lables
78. return list;
79. }
80. }

Output:
Android XML Parsing using SAX

Parser
Android provides the facility to parse the xml file using SAX, DOM etc. parsers. The
SAX parser cannot be used to create the XML file, It can be used to parse the xml file
only.
Advantage of SAX Parser over DOM
It consumes less memory than DOM.
Example of android SAX Xml parsing
activity_main.xml
Drag the one textview from the pallete. Now the activity_main.xml file will look like
this:
oid"
6.
7. <TextView
15. android:text="TextView" />
16.
xml document
Create an xml file named file.xml inside the assets directory of your project.
File: file.xml
1. <?xml version="1.0"?>
2. <records>
3. <employee>
4. <name>Sachin Kumar</name>
5. <salary>50000</salary>
6. </employee>
7. <employee>
8. <name>Rahul Kumar</name>
10. </employee>
11. <employee>
12. <name>John Mike</name>
14. </employee>
15. </records>
Activity class
Now write the code to parse the xml using sax parser.
1. package com.javatpoint.saxxmlparsing;
2.
3.
4. import java.io.InputStream;
5. import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
6. import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
7. import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
8. import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
9. import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
14. TextView tv;
15. @Override
16.
20. tv=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView1);
21. try {
22. SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
23.
24. SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
25.
26.
27. DefaultHandler handler = new DefaultHandler() {
28.
29. boolean name = false;
30.
31. boolean salary = false;
32.
33.
34. public void startElement(String uri, String localName,String qName,
35. Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
36. if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("name"))
37. {
38. name = true;
39. }
40. if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("salary"))
41. {
42. salary = true;
43. }
44. }//end of startElement method
45. public void endElement(String uri, String localName,
46. String qName) throws SAXException {
47. }
48.
49. public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException {
50. if (name) {
51.
52. tv.setText(tv.getText()+"\n\n Name : " + new String(ch, start, length));
53. name = false;
54. }
55. if (salary) {
56. tv.setText(tv.getText()+"\n Salary : " + new String(ch, start, length));
57. salary = false;
58. }
59. }//end of characters
60. method
61. };//end of DefaultHandler object
62.
63. InputStream is = getAssets().open("file.xml");
64. saxParser.parse(is, handler);
65.
66. } catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
67. }
68. }
Output:
Android XML Parsing using DOM
Parser
We can parse the xml document by dom parser also. It can be used to create and parse
the xml file.
Advantage of DOM Parser over SAX
It can be used to create and parse the xml file both but SAX parser can only be used to
parse the xml file.
Disadvantage of DOM Parser over SAX
It consumes more memory than SAX.

Example of android DOM Xml parsing
activity_main.xml
this:
oid"
6.
7. <TextView
16.
xml document
Create an xml file named file.xml inside the assets directory of your project.
File: file.xml
1. <?xml version="1.0"?>
2. <records>
3. <employee>
4. <name>Sachin Kumar</name>
6. </employee>
7. <employee>
8. <name>Rahul Kumar</name>
10. </employee>
11. <employee>
12. <name>John Mike</name>
14. </employee>
15. </records>
Activity class
Let's write the code to parse the xml using dom parser.
1. package com.javatpoint.domxmlparsing;
3.
4. import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
5. import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
6. import org.w3c.dom.Document;
7. import org.w3c.dom.Element;
8. import org.w3c.dom.Node;
9. import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
13.
15. TextView tv1;
16.
17. @Override
21. tv1=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView1);
22. try {
23. InputStream is = getAssets().open("file.xml");
24.
25. DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(
);
26. DocumentBuilder dBuilder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
27. Document doc = dBuilder.parse(is);
28.
29. Element element=doc.getDocumentElement();
30. element.normalize();
31.
32. NodeList nList = doc.getElementsByTagName("employee");
33. for (int i=0; i<nList.getLength(); i++) {
34.
35. Node node = nList.item(i);
36. if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
37. Element element2 = (Element) node;
38. tv1.setText(tv1.getText()+"\nName : " + getValue("name", element2)+"\n");
39. tv1.setText(tv1.getText()+"Salary : " + getValue("salary", element2)+"\n");
40. tv1.setText(tv1.getText()+"-----------------------");
41. }
42. }//end of for loop
43.
44. } catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
45.
46. }
47. private static String getValue(String tag, Element element) {
48. NodeList nodeList = element.getElementsByTagName(tag).item(0).getChildN
odes();
49. Node node = (Node) nodeList.item(0);
50. return node.getNodeValue();
51. }
52.
53. }
Output:
Android XMLPullParser Tutorial
Android recommends to use XMLPullParser to parse the xml file than SAX and
DOM becuase it is fast.
The org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser interface provides the functionality to parse the
XML document using XMLPullParser.
Events of XmlPullParser
The next() method of XMLPullParser moves the cursor pointer to the next event.
Generally, we use four constants (works as the event) defined in the XMLPullParser
interface.
START_TAG :An XML start tag was read.
TEXT :Text content was read; the text content can be retrieved using the getText()
method.
END_TAG : An end tag was read.
END_DOCUMENT :No more events are available
Example of android XMLPullParser
activity_main.xml
Drag the one listview from the pallete. Now the activity_main.xml file will look like
this:
"
6.
7. <ListView
8. android:id="@+id/listView1"
10. android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
11.
12. </ListView>
13.
xml document
Create an xml file named employees.xml inside the assets directory of your project.
File: employees.xml
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <employees>
3. <employee>
4. <id>1</id>
5. <name>Sachin</name>
7. </employee>
8. <employee>
9. <id>2</id>
10. <name>Nikhil</name>
12. </employee>
13.
14. </employees>
Employee class
Now create the Employee class that corresponds to the xml file.
File: Employee.java
1. package com.example.xmlpullparsing;
2. public class Employee {
3. private int id;
4. private String name;
5. private float salary;
6. public int getId() {
7. return id;
8. }
9. public void setId(int id) {
10. this.id = id;
11. }
12. public String getName() {
13. return name;
14. }
15. public void setName(String name) {
16. this.name = name;
17. }
18. public float getSalary() {
19. return salary;
20. }
21. public void setSalary(float salary) {
22. this.salary = salary;
23. }
24.
25. @Override
26. public String toString() {
27. return " Id= "+id + "\n Name= " + name + "\n Salary= " + salary;
28. }
29. }
XMLPullParserHandler class
Now write the code to parse the xml file using XMLPullParser. Here, we are returning
all the employee in list.
File: XMLPullParserHandler.java
6. import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
7. import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;
8. import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserFactory;
9.
10.
11. public class XmlPullParserHandler {
12. private List<Employee> employees= new ArrayList<Employee>();
13. private Employee employee;
14. private String text;
15.
16. public List<Employee> getEmployees() {
17. return employees;
18. }
19.
20. public List<Employee> parse(InputStream is) {
21. try {
22. XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
23. factory.setNamespaceAware(true);
24. XmlPullParser parser = factory.newPullParser();
25.
26. parser.setInput(is, null);
27.
28. int eventType = parser.getEventType();
29. while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
30. String tagname = parser.getName();
31. switch (eventType) {
32. case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
33. if (tagname.equalsIgnoreCase("employee")) {
34. // create a new instance of employee
35. employee = new Employee();
36. }
37. break;
38.
39. case XmlPullParser.TEXT:
40. text = parser.getText();
41. break;
42.
43. case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:
44. if (tagname.equalsIgnoreCase("employee")) {
45. // add employee object to list
46. employees.add(employee);
47. }else if (tagname.equalsIgnoreCase("id")) {
48. employee.setId(Integer.parseInt(text));
49. } else if (tagname.equalsIgnoreCase("name")) {
50. employee.setName(text);
51. } else if (tagname.equalsIgnoreCase("salary")) {
52. employee.setSalary(Float.parseFloat(text));
53. }
54. break;
55.
56. default:
57. break;
58. }
59. eventType = parser.next();
60. }
61.
62. } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
64.
65. return employees;
66. }
67. }
MainActivity class
Now, write the code to display the list data in the ListView.
2.
6.
11. import android.widget.ListView;
12.
14.
15. @Override
19.
20. ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView1);
21.
22. List<Employee> employees = null;
23. try {
24. XmlPullParserHandler parser = new XmlPullParserHandler();
25. InputStream is=getAssets().open("employees.xml");
26. employees = parser.parse(is);
27.
28. ArrayAdapter<Employee> adapter =new ArrayAdapter<Employee>
29. (this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, employees);
30. listView.setAdapter(adapter);
31.
32. } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
33.
34. }
35.
36. @Override
40. return true;
41. }
42.
43. }
Output:
Android JSON Parser Tutorial
JSON (Javascript Object Notation) is a programming language . It is minimal,
textual, and a subset of JavaScript. It is an alternative to XML.
Android provides support to parse the JSON object and array.
Advantage of JSON over XML
1) JSON is faster and easier than xml for AJAX applications.

2) Unlike XML, it is shorter and quicker to read and write.
3) It uses array.
json object
A JSON object contains key/value pairs like map. The keys are strings and the values
are the JSON types. Keys and values are separated by comma. The { (curly brace)
represents the json object.
1. {
2. "employee": {
3. "name": "sachin",
4. "salary": 56000,
5. "married": true
6. }
7. }
json array
The [ (square bracket) represents the json array.
1. ["Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Satur
day"]
Let's take another example of json array.
1. { "Employee" :
2. [
3. {"id":"101","name":"Sonoo Jaiswal","salary":"50000"},
4. {"id":"102","name":"Vimal Jaiswal","salary":"60000"}
5. ]
6. }
Example of android JSON parsing
activity_main.xml
this:
oid"
6.
7. <TextView
16.
Activity class
Let's write the code to parse the xml using dom parser.
1. package com.javatpoint.jsonparsing;
2.
3. import org.json.JSONException;
4. import org.json.JSONObject;
8.
10. public static final String JSON_STRING="{\"employee\":
{\"name\":\"Sachin\",\"salary\":56000}}";
11.
12. @Override
16.
17. TextView textView1=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView1);
18.
19. try{
20. JSONObject emp=(new JSONObject(JSON_STRING)).getJSONObject("emp
loyee");
21. String empname=emp.getString("name");
22. int empsalary=emp.getInt("salary");
23.
24. String str="Employee Name:"+empname+"\n"+"Employee Salary:"+empsalar
y;
25. textView1.setText(str);
26.
27. }catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
28.
29. }
30.
31. }
Output:
Parsing JSONArray in Android
By the help of JSONArray class, you can parse the JSONArray containing the JSON
Objects. Let's see the simple example to parse the json array.
1. package com.example.jsonparsing2;
2.
3. import org.json.JSONArray;
4. import org.json.JSONException;
5. import org.json.JSONObject;
9.
11. @Override
15.
16. TextView output = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1);
17.
18. String strJson="{ \"Employee\" :[{\"id\":\"101\",\"name\":\"Sonoo Jaiswa
l\",\"salary\":\"50000\"},{\"id\":\"102\",\"name\":\"Vimal Jaiswal\",\"salary\":\
"60000\"}] }";
19.
20. String data = "";
21. try {
22. // Create the root JSONObject from the JSON string.
23. JSONObject jsonRootObject = new JSONObject(strJson);
24.
25. //Get the instance of JSONArray that contains JSONObjects
26. JSONArray jsonArray = jsonRootObject.optJSONArray("Employ
ee");
27.
28. //Iterate the jsonArray and print the info of JSONObjects
29. for(int i=0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++){
30. JSONObject jsonObject = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
31.
32. int id = Integer.parseInt(jsonObject.optString("id").toString());
33. String name = jsonObject.optString("name").toString();
34. float salary = Float.parseFloat(jsonObject.optString("salary").to
String());
35.
36. data += "Node"+i+" : \n id= "+ id +" \n Name= "+ name +" \n
Salary= "+ salary +" \n ";
37. }
38. output.setText(data);
39. } catch (JSONException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
40. }
41. }

Output:
Multimedia
Android Media Player Example

We can play and control the audio files in android by the help of MediaPlayer class.
Here, we are going to see a simple example to play the audio file. In the next page, we
will see the example to control the audio playback like start, stop, pause etc.
MediaPlayer class
The android.media.MediaPlayer class is used to control the audio or video files.
Methods of MediaPlayer class
There are many methods of MediaPlayer class. Some of them are as follows:
Method Description
sets the data source (file path or http
public void setDataSource(String path)
url) to use.
prepares the player for playback
public void prepare()
synchronously.
public void start() it starts or resumes the playback.
public void stop() it stops the playback.
public void pause() it pauses the playback.
public boolean isPlaying() checks if media player is playing.
seeks to specified time in
public void seekTo(int millis)
miliseconds.
sets the player for looping or non-
public void setLooping(boolean looping)
looping.
checks if the player is looping or
public boolean isLooping()
non-looping.
it selects a track for the specified
public void selectTrack(int index)
index.
public int getCurrentPosition() returns the current playback position.
public int getDuration() returns duration of the file.
public void setVolume(float leftVolume,float
sets the volume on this player.
rightVolume)
Activity class
Let's write the code of to play the audio file. Here, we are going to play maine.mp3
file located inside the sdcard/Music directory.
1. package com.example.audiomediaplayer1;
2.
8. import android.widget.MediaController;
9. import android.widget.VideoView;
10.
12.
13. @Override
17.
18. MediaPlayer mp=new MediaPlayer();
19. try{
20. mp.setDataSource("/sdcard/Music/maine.mp3");//Write your location
here
21. mp.prepare();
22. mp.start();
23.
24. }catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}
25.
26. }
27.
28. @Override
32. return true;
33. }
34.
35. }
You need to run it on the real device to test the application.
Android MediaPlayer Example of controlling the audio
Let's see a simple example to start, stop and pause the audio play.
activity_main.xml
Drag three buttons from pallete to start, stop and pause the audio play. Now the xml
oid"
10.
11. <TextView
17. android:text="Audio Controller" />
18.
19. <Button
21. style="?android:attr/buttonStyleSmall"
24. android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/textView1"
27. android:text="start" />
28.
29. <Button
34. android:layout_alignTop="@+id/button1"
36. android:text="pause" />
37.
38. <Button
43. android:layout_alignTop="@+id/button2"
45. android:text="stop" />
46.
Activity class
Let's write the code to start, pause and stop the audio player.
1. package com.example.audioplay;
2.
5. import android.os.Environment;
11.
13. Button start,pause,stop;
14. @Override
18.
19. start=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
20. pause=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);
21. stop=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button3);
22. //creating media player
23. final MediaPlayer mp=new MediaPlayer();
24. try{
25. //you can change the path, here path is external directory(e.g. sdcard
) /Music/maine.mp3
26. mp.setDataSource(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath()
+"/Music/maine.mp3");
27.
28. mp.prepare();
29. }catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}
30.
31. start.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
32. @Override
34. mp.start();
35. }
36. });
37. pause.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
38. @Override
40. mp.pause();
41. }
42. });
43. stop.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
44. @Override
46. mp.stop();
47. }
48. });
49. }
50. }
Output:
Android Video Player Example
By the help of MediaController and VideoView classes, we can play the video files
in android.
MediaController class
The android.widget.MediaController is a view that contains media controls like

play/pause, previous, next, fast-forward, rewind etc.
VideoView class
The android.widget.VideoView class provides methods to play and control the video
player. The commonly used methods of VideoView class are as follows:
Method Description
public void setMediaController(MediaController sets the media controller to the
controller) video view.
public void setVideoURI (Uri uri) sets the URI of the video file.
public void start() starts the video view.
public void stopPlayback() stops the playback.
public void pause() pauses the palyback.
public void suspend() suspends the palyback.
public void resume() resumes the palyback.
seeks to specified time in
public void seekTo(int millis)
miliseconds.
activity_main.xml
Drag the VideoView from the pallete, now the activity_main.xml file will like this:
oid"
6.
7. <VideoView
8. android:id="@+id/videoView1"
12. android:layout_centerVertical="true" />
13.
Activity class
Let's write the code of to play the video file. Here, we are going to play 1.mp4 file
located inside the sdcard/media directory.
1. package com.example.video1;
2.
7. import android.widget.MediaController;
8. import android.widget.VideoView;
9.
11.
12. @Override
16.
17. VideoView videoView =(VideoView)findViewById(R.id.videoView1);
18.
19. //Creating MediaController
20. MediaController mediaController= new MediaController(this);
21. mediaController.setAnchorView(videoView);
22.
23. //specify the location of media file
24. Uri uri=Uri.parse(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath()
+"/media/1.mp4");
25.
26. //Setting MediaController and URI, then starting the videoView
27. videoView.setMediaController(mediaController);
28. videoView.setVideoURI(uri);
29. videoView.requestFocus();
30. videoView.start();
31.
32. }
33.
34. @Override
38. return true;
39. }
40.
41. }
Android MediaRecorder Example

MediaRecorder class can be used to record audio and video files.
After recording the media, we can create a sound file that can be played later.
In this example, we are going to record the audio file and storing it in the external
directory in 3gp format.
activity_main.xml
Drag 2 buttons from the pallete, one to start the recording and another stop the
recording. Here, we are registering the view with the listener in xml file using
android:onClick.
oid"
10.
11. <Button
19. android:text="Start Recording"
20. android:onClick="startRecording"
21. />
22.
23. <Button
28. android:layout_below="@+id/button1"
30. android:text="Stop Recording"
31. android:onClick="stopRecording"
32. />
33.
Activity class
1. package com.javatpoint.mediarecorder;
2. import java.io.File;
5. import android.content.ContentResolver;
8. import android.media.MediaRecorder;
11. import android.os.Environment;
12. import android.provider.MediaStore;
17.
19. MediaRecorder recorder;
20. File audiofile = null;
21. static final String TAG = "MediaRecording";
22. Button startButton,stopButton;
23.
24. @Override
28. startButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
29. stopButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button2);
30. }
31.
32. public void startRecording(View view) throws IOException {
33. startButton.setEnabled(false);
34. stopButton.setEnabled(true);
35. //Creating file
36. File dir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
37. try {
38. audiofile = File.createTempFile("sound", ".3gp", dir);
40. Log.e(TAG, "external storage access error");
41. return;
42. }
43. //Creating MediaRecorder and specifying audio source, output format,
encoder & output format
44. recorder = new MediaRecorder();
45. recorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);
46. recorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP);
47. recorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB);
48. recorder.setOutputFile(audiofile.getAbsolutePath());
49. recorder.prepare();
50. recorder.start();
51. }
52.
53. public void stopRecording(View view) {
54. startButton.setEnabled(true);
55. stopButton.setEnabled(false);
56. //stopping recorder
57. recorder.stop();
58. recorder.release();
59. //after stopping the recorder, create the sound file and add it to media li
brary.
60. addRecordingToMediaLibrary();
61. }
62.
63. protected void addRecordingToMediaLibrary() {
64. //creating content values of size 4
65. ContentValues values = new ContentValues(4);
66. long current = System.currentTimeMillis();
67. values.put(MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE, "audio" + audiofile.getNam
e());
68. values.put(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATE_ADDED, (int) (current / 100
0));
69. values.put(MediaStore.Audio.Media.MIME_TYPE, "audio/3gpp");
70. values.put(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATA, audiofile.getAbsolutePath())
;
71.
72. //creating content resolver and storing it in the external content uri
73. ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();
74. Uri base = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
75. Uri newUri = contentResolver.insert(base, values);
76.
77. //sending broadcast message to scan the media file so that it can be avai
lable
78. sendBroadcast(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN
_FILE, newUri));
79. Toast.makeText(this, "Added File " + newUri, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).s
how();
80. }
81. }
download this mediarecorder Example
Output:
Android TextToSpeech Tutorial

In android, you can convert your text into speech by the help of TextToSpeech class.
After completion of the conversion, you can playback or create the sound file.
Constructor of TextToSpeech class
 TextToSpeech(Context context, TextToSpeech.OnInitListener)
Methods of TextToSpeech class
The commonly used methods of TextToSpeech class are as follows:

Method Description
converts the text into speech. Queue Mode may be
int speak (String text, int
QUEUE_ADD or QUEUE_FLUSH. Request parameters
queueMode, HashMap
can be null, KEY_PARAM_STREAM,
params)
KEY_PARAM_VALUME etc.
int setSpeechRate(float
it sets the speed for the speech.
speed)
int setPitch(float speed) it sets the pitch for the speech.
int setLanguage (Locale
it sets the locale specific language for the speech.
loc)
void shutdown() it releases the resource set by TextToSpeech Engine.
it interrupts the current utterance (whether played or
int stop() rendered to file) and discards other utterances in the
queue.
TextToSpeech.OnInitListener Interface
You need to implement TextToSpeech.OnInitListener interface, for performing event
handling on TextToSpeech engine.
Method of TextToSpeech.OnInitListener Interface
There is only one method in this interface.

Method Description
void onInit (int Called to signal the completion of the TextToSpeech engine
status) initialization. The status can be SUCCESS or ERROR.
Android TextToSpeech Example
Let's write the code to convert text into voice.
activity_main.xml
Drag one textview, one edittext and one button for the layout. Now the
activity_main.xml file will look like this:
oid"
6.
7. <EditText
16.
18. </EditText>
19.
20. <Button
28. android:text="Speak" />
29.
30. <TextView
37. android:text="Enter Text:" />
38.
Activity class
Let's see the code to speak the given text.

1. package com.example.texttospeech;
2.
6. import java.util.Locale;
7.
10. import android.speech.tts.TextToSpeech;
16. TextToSpeech.OnInitListener {
18.
19. private TextToSpeech tts;
20. private Button buttonSpeak;
21. private EditText editText;
22.
23. @Override
27.
28. tts = new TextToSpeech(this, this);
29. buttonSpeak = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
30. editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText1);
31.
32. buttonSpeak.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
33. @Override
35. speakOut();
36. }
37.
38. });
39. }
40.
41. @Override
43. // Don't forget to shutdown tts!
44. if (tts != null) {
45. tts.stop();
46. tts.shutdown();
47. }
49. }
50.
51. @Override
52. public void onInit(int status) {
53.
54. if (status == TextToSpeech.SUCCESS) {
55.
56. int result = tts.setLanguage(Locale.US);
57.
58. if (result == TextToSpeech.LANG_MISSING_DATA
59. || result == TextToSpeech.LANG_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
60. Log.e("TTS", "This Language is not supported");
61. } else {
62. buttonSpeak.setEnabled(true);
63. speakOut();
64. }
65.
66. } else {
67. Log.e("TTS", "Initilization Failed!");
68. }
69.
70. }
71.
72. private void speakOut() {
73. String text = editText.getText().toString();
74. tts.speak(text, TextToSpeech.QUEUE_FLUSH, null);
75. }
76.
77. @Override
81. return true;
82. }
83.
84. }
Android TextToSpeech Example

TextToSpeech class is responsible to convert text into speech. It provides a lot of
methods to control the speech such as setSpeedRate(), setPitch() etc.
In this example, we are going to see the android texttospeech example with speed and
pitch option.
activity_main.xml
Drag 2 textviews, 1 edittext, 1 spinner and 1 button for the layout. Now the
activity_main.xml file will look like this:
oid"
6.
7. <EditText
11. android:layout_alignBaseline="@+id/textView1"
12. android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/textView1"
16.
18. </EditText>
19.
20. <Button
27. android:text="Speak" />
28.
29. <TextView
35. android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/editText1"
36. android:text="Speed:" />
37.
38. <TextView
45. android:text="Text:" />
46.
47. <Spinner
48. android:id="@+id/spinner1"
49. android:layout_width="200dp"
54.
Activity class
Let's see the code to speak the given text.

1. package com.example.texttospeechspeed;
2.
6.
14. import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener;
21. TextToSpeech.OnInitListener,OnItemSelectedListener {
23.
25. private Button buttonSpeak;
26. private EditText editText;
27. private Spinner speedSpinner,pitchSpinner;
28.
29. private static String speed="Normal";
30. @Override
34.
36. buttonSpeak = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
37. editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText1);
38. speedSpinner = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.spinner1);
39.
40. //load data in spinner
42. speedSpinner.setOnItemSelectedListener(this);
43.
44. //button click event
45. buttonSpeak.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
46. @Override
48. setSpeed();
49. speakOut();
50. }
51.
52. });
53. }
54.
55.
56. @Override
58.
60.
62.
66. } else {
67. buttonSpeak.setEnabled(true);
68. speakOut();
69. }
70.
71. } else { Log.e("TTS", "Initilization Failed!");}
72.
73. }
74.
75. @Override
79. tts.stop();
80. tts.shutdown();
81. }
83. }
84.
85. private void setSpeed(){
86. if(speed.equals("Very Slow")){
87. tts.setSpeechRate(0.1f);
88. }
89. if(speed.equals("Slow")){
91. }
92. if(speed.equals("Normal")){
93. tts.setSpeechRate(1.0f);//default 1.0
94. }
95. if(speed.equals("Fast")){
97. }
98. if(speed.equals("Very Fast")){
100. }
101. //for setting pitch you may call
102. //tts.setPitch(1.0f);//default 1.0
103. }
104.
105. private void speakOut() {
106. String text = editText.getText().toString();
107. tts.speak(text, TextToSpeech.QUEUE_FLUSH, null);
108. }
109.
110. private void loadSpinnerData() {
111. //Data for speed Spinner
112. List<String> lables = new ArrayList<String>();
113. lables.add("Very Slow");
114. lables.add("Slow");
115. lables.add("Normal");
116. lables.add("Fast");
117. lables.add("Very Fast");
118.
119. // Creating adapter for spinner
120. ArrayAdapter<String> dataAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(th
is,android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item, lables);
121.
122. // Drop down layout style - list view with radio button
123. dataAdapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_s
pinner_dropdown_item);
124.
125. // attaching data adapter to spinner
126. speedSpinner.setAdapter(dataAdapter);
127.
128. }
129.
130. @Override
131. public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int p
osition,
132. long id) {
133. // On selecting a spinner item
134. speed = parent.getItemAtPosition(position).toString();
135.
136. Toast.makeText(parent.getContext(), "You selected: " + speed,
138. }
139.
140. @Override
142.
143. }
144.
145.
146. @Override

150. return true;
151. }
152.
153. }
Android TelephonyManager Tutorial

The android.telephony.TelephonyManager class provides information about the
telephony services such as subscriber id, sim serial number, phone network type etc.
Moreover, you can determine the phone state etc.
Android TelephonyManager Example
Let's see the simple example of TelephonyManager that prints information of the
telephony services.
activity_main.xml
Drag one textview from the pallete, now the xml file will look like this.
oid"
10.
11. <TextView
19. android:text="Phone Details:" />
20.
Activity class
Now, write the code to display the information about the telephony services.
1. package com.javatpoint.telephonymanager;
2.
6. import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
9.
11. TextView textView1;
12. @Override
16.
17. textView1=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView1);
18.
19. //Get the instance of TelephonyManager
20. TelephonyManager tm=(TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.
TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
21.
22. //Calling the methods of TelephonyManager the returns the information
23. String IMEINumber=tm.getDeviceId();
24. String subscriberID=tm.getDeviceId();
25. String SIMSerialNumber=tm.getSimSerialNumber();
26. String networkCountryISO=tm.getNetworkCountryIso();
27. String SIMCountryISO=tm.getSimCountryIso();
28. String softwareVersion=tm.getDeviceSoftwareVersion();
29. String voiceMailNumber=tm.getVoiceMailNumber();
30.
31. //Get the phone type
32. String strphoneType="";
33.
34. int phoneType=tm.getPhoneType();
35.
36. switch (phoneType)
37. {
38. case (TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_CDMA):
39. strphoneType="CDMA";
40. break;
41. case (TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_GSM):
42. strphoneType="GSM";
43. break;
44. case (TelephonyManager.PHONE_TYPE_NONE):
45. strphoneType="NONE";
46. break;
47. }
48.
49. //getting information if phone is in roaming
50. boolean isRoaming=tm.isNetworkRoaming();
51.
52. String info="Phone Details:\n";
53. info+="\n IMEI Number:"+IMEINumber;
54. info+="\n SubscriberID:"+subscriberID;
55. info+="\n Sim Serial Number:"+SIMSerialNumber;
56. info+="\n Network Country ISO:"+networkCountryISO;
57. info+="\n SIM Country ISO:"+SIMCountryISO;
58. info+="\n Software Version:"+softwareVersion;
59. info+="\n Voice Mail Number:"+voiceMailNumber;
60. info+="\n Phone Network Type:"+strphoneType;
61. info+="\n In Roaming? :"+isRoaming;
62.
63. textView1.setText(info);//displaying the information in the textView
64. }
65.
66.
67. }
AndroidManifest.xml
You need to provide READ_PHONE_STATE permission in the

AndroidManifest.xml file.
3. package="com.javatpoint.telephonymanager"
6.
7. <uses-sdk
10.
e="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>
12.
13. <application
18. <activity
19. android:name="com.javatpoint.telephonymanager.MainActivity"
21. <intent-filter>
23.
26. </activity>
27. </application>
28.
29. </manifest>
Output:
Android Call State Example
We can also get the information of call state using the TelephonyManager class. For
this purpose, we need to call the listen method of TelephonyManager class by passing
the PhonStateListener instance.
The PhoneStateListener interface must be implemented to get the call state. It
provides one method onCallStateChanged().
Android Call State Example
Let's see the example, where we are determining whether phone is ringing or phone is
in a call or phone is neither ringing nor in a call.
activity_main.xml
In this example, we don't have any component in this file..
Activity class
Let's write the code to know the call state.

1. package com.javatpoint.callstates;
2.
6. import android.telephony.PhoneStateListener;
10.
12.
13. @Override
17.
18. TelephonyManager telephonyManager =
19. (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_
SERVICE);
20.
21. PhoneStateListener callStateListener = new PhoneStateListener() {
22. public void onCallStateChanged(int state, String incomingNumber)
23. {
24. if(state==TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_RINGING){
25. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Phone Is Riging",
26. Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
;
27. }
28. if(state==TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_OFFHOOK){
29. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Phone is Currently in
A call",
30. Toast.LENGTH_LONG).s
how();
31. }
32.
33. if(state==TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE){
34. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"phone is neither ringin
g nor in a call",
35. Toast.LENGTH_
LONG).show();
36. }
37. }
38. };
39. telephonyManager.listen(callStateListener,PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_
CALL_STATE);
40.
41. }
42.
43. @Override
47. return true;
48. }
49.
50. }
AndroidManifest.xml
You need to provide READ_PHONE_STATE permission in the

AndroidManifest.xml file.
3. package="com.javatpoint.callstates"
6.
7. <uses-sdk
10.
11.
e="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
13.
14. <application
19. <activity
20. android:name="com.javatpoint.callstates.MainActivity"
22. <intent-filter>
24.
27. </activity>
28. </application>
29.
30. </manifest>
Output:
Android Call State BroadCastReceiver
Example
Android Call State BroadCastReceiver Example
activity_main.xml
oid"
10.
11. <TextView
15.
Activity class
1. package com.example.callstatebroadcastreceiver;
2.
6.
8.
9. @Override
13. }
14.
15.
16. @Override
20. return true;
21. }
22.
23. }
IncommingCallReceiver
File: IncommingCallReceiver.java
1. package com.example.callstatebroadcastreceiver;
2.
3. import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
8.
9.
10. public class IncommingCallReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
11. Context context;
12.
13. @Override
14. public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent){
15. try{
16. String state = intent.getStringExtra(TelephonyManager.EXTRA_STAT
E);
17.
18. if(state.equals(TelephonyManager.EXTRA_STATE_RINGING)){
19. Toast.makeText(context, "Phone Is Ringing", Toast.LENGTH_LO
NG).show();
20. }
21.
22. if(state.equals(TelephonyManager.EXTRA_STATE_OFFHOOK)){
23. Toast.makeText(context, "Call Recieved", Toast.LENGTH_LON
G).show();
24. }
25.
26. if (state.equals(TelephonyManager.EXTRA_STATE_IDLE)){
27. Toast.makeText(context, "Phone Is Idle", Toast.LENGTH_LONG
).show();
28. }
29. }
30. catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}
31. }
32.
33. }
Android Simple Caller Talker Example

Android provides the facility to know the incoming number and speak it by the help
of android speech api and telephony manager.
Here, we are going to develop a basic android app that speaks the incoming number
while phone is in ringing mode.
In the next page, we will see the full version of this app that speaks the caller name
and provides the setting option to change the speed rate and pitch. Additionaly, it
provides option to add text before and after the incoming number or caller name.
activity_main.xml
We have not done anything special here. It has the simple textview.
oid"
10.
11. <TextView
15.
Activity class
In this activity, we have written the code to know the phone state, and speak the
incoming number by the help of TextToSpeech class.
1. package com.example.callertalker;
3. import android.media.AudioManager;
7. import android.telephony.PhoneStateListener;
12.
13. public class MainActivity extends Activity implements TextToSpeech.OnInit
Listener {
15. @Override
19.
21.
22. TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager)getSystem
Service(
23. Context.TELEPHONY_SERVI
CE);
24.
25. PhoneStateListener callStateListener = new PhoneStateListener() {
26. public void onCallStateChanged(int state, String incomingNumber){
27. if(state==TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_RINGING){
28. tts.speak(incomingNumber+" calling", TextToSpeech.QUEUE_FL
USH, null);
29. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Phone is Ringing : "+inc
omingNumber,
30. Toast.LENGTH_LONG).sho
w();
31. }
32. if(state==TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_OFFHOOK){
33. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Phone in a call or call
picked",
34. Toast.LENGTH_LONG).s
how();
35. }
36. if(state==TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE){
37. //phone is neither ringing nor in a call
38. }
39. }
40. };
41. telephonyManager.listen(callStateListener,PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_
CALL_STATE);
42. }
43.
44. @Override
51. } else {
52. }
53.
54. } else {
55. Log.e("TTS", "Initilization Failed!");
56. }
57. }
58.
59. @Override
63. tts.stop();
64. tts.shutdown();
65. }
67. }
68. }
AndroidManifest.xml
You need to add READ_PHONE_STATE uses permission in this xml file. Let's see
the full code.
3. package="com.example.callertalker"
6.
7. <uses-sdk
10.
e="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
12.
13. <application
18. <activity
19. android:name="com.example.callertalker.MainActivity"
21. <intent-filter>
23.
26. </activity>
27. </application>
28.
29. </manifest>
Output:
How to make a phone call in android

We are able to make a phone call in android via intent. You need to write only three
lines of code to make a phone call.
1. Intent callIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
2. callIntent.setData(Uri.parse("tel:"+8802177690));//change the number
3. startActivity(callIntent);
Example of phone call in android
activity_main.xml
Drag the EditText and Button from the pallete, now the activity_main.xml file will
like this:
oid"
6.
7. <Button
14. android:text="Call" />
15.
16. <EditText
24.
Write the permission code in Android-Manifest.xml file
You need to write CALL_PHONE permission as given below:
1. <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />
File: Android-Manifest.xml
2.
4. package="com.example.phonecall"
7.
8. <uses-sdk
11.
12. <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />
13. <application
18. <activity
19. android:name="com.example.phonecall.MainActivity"
21. <intent-filter>
23.
26. </activity>
27. </application>
28.
29. </manifest>
Activity class
Let's write the code to make the phone call via intent.
1. package com.example.phonecall;
2.
12.
14. EditText edittext1;
15. Button button1;
16. @Override
20.
21. //Getting the edittext and button instance
24.
27.
28. @Override
30. String number=edittext1.getText().toString();
31. Intent callIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
32. callIntent.setData(Uri.parse("tel:"+number));
33. startActivity(callIntent);
34. }
35.
36. });
37. }
38.
39. @Override
43. return true;
44. }
45.
46. }
Install and Run the apk file on the Real Device (e.g. Mobile) to make the phone
call.
Output:
How to send sms in android
We can send sms in android via intent. You need to write only 4 lines of code the
send sms in android.
1. //Getting intent and PendingIntent instance
2. Intent intent=new Intent(getApplicationContext(),MainActivity.class);
3. PendingIntent pi=PendingIntent.getActivity(getApplicationContext(), 0, intent
,0);
4.
5. //Get the SmsManager instance and call the sendTextMessage method to send
message
6. SmsManager sms=SmsManager.getDefault();
7. sms.sendTextMessage("8802177690", null, "hello javatpoint", pi,null);
Example of sending sms in android
activity_main.xml
Drag the 2 edittexts, 2 textviews and 1 button from the pallete, now the
oid"
6.
7. <EditText
15.
16. <EditText
24. android:inputType="textMultiLine" />
25.
26. <TextView
32. android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/editText1"
33. android:text="Mobile No:" />
34.
35. <TextView
42. android:text="Message:" />
43.
44. <Button
52. android:text="Send SMS" />
53.
Write the permission code in Android-Manifest.xml file
You need to write SEND_SMS permission as given below:
1. <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/>
2.
File: Android-Manifest.xml
2. <manifest
3. xmlns:androclass="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
4. package="com.example.sendsms"
7.
8. <uses-sdk
11.
12. <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/>
13.
14. <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS"/>
15.
16. <application
21. <activity
22. android:name="com.example.sendsms.MainActivity"
24. <intent-filter>
26.
29. </activity>
30. </application>
31.
32. </manifest>
Activity class
Let's write the code to make the phone call via intent.
1. package com.example.sendsms;
2.
5. import android.app.PendingIntent;
7. import android.telephony.SmsManager;
14.
16.
17. EditText mobileno,message;
18. Button sendsms;
19. @Override
23.
24. mobileno=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1);
25. message=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText2);
26. sendsms=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
27.
29. sendsms.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
30.
31. @Override
33. String no=mobileno.getText().toString();
34. String msg=message.getText().toString();
35.
36. //Getting intent and PendingIntent instance
37. Intent intent=new Intent(getApplicationContext(),MainActivity.clas
s);
38. PendingIntent pi=PendingIntent.getActivity(getApplicationContext(
), 0, intent,0);
39.
40. //Get the SmsManager instance and call the sendTextMessage metho
d to send message
41. SmsManager sms=SmsManager.getDefault();
42. sms.sendTextMessage(no, null, msg, pi,null);
43.
44. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Message Sent successful
ly!",
46. }
47. });
48. }
49.
50. @Override
54. return true;
55. }
56.
57. }
Install and Run the apk file on the Real Device (e.g. Mobile) to send the sms.
Output:
How to send email in android using
intent
We can easily send email in android via intent. You need to write few lines of code
only as given below
1. Intent email = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
2. email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, new String[]{ to});
3. email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject);
4. email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, message);
5.
6. //need this to prompts email client only
7. email.setType("message/rfc822");
8.
9. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(email, "Choose an Email client :"));
Example of phone call in android
activity_main.xml
Drag the 2 EditTexts, 1 MultiLine EditText, 3 TextViews and 1 Button from the
pallete, now the activity_main.xml file will like this:
oid"
6.
7. <EditText
16.
17. <EditText
25.
27. </EditText>
28.
29. <EditText
37. android:inputType="textMultiLine" />
38.
39. <TextView
46. android:text="To:" />
47.
48. <TextView
55. android:text="Subject:" />
56.
57. <TextView
64. android:text="Message:" />
65.
66. <Button
74. android:text="Send" />
75.
Activity class
Let's write the code to send email via intent.

1. package com.example.sendemail;
2.
11.
13. EditText editTextTo,editTextSubject,editTextMessage;
14. Button send;
15. @Override
19.
20. editTextTo=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1);
21. editTextSubject=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText2);
22. editTextMessage=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText3);
23.
24. send=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
25.
26. send.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
27.
28. @Override
30. String to=editTextTo.getText().toString();
31. String subject=editTextSubject.getText().toString();
32. String message=editTextMessage.getText().toString();
33.
34.
35. Intent email = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
36. email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, new String[]{ to});
37. email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject);
38. email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, message);
39.
40. //need this to prompts email client only
41. email.setType("message/rfc822");
42.
43. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(email, "Choose an Email client :
"));
44.
45. }
46.
47. });
48. }
49.
50. @Override
54. return true;
55. }
56.
57. }
Android Bluetooth Tutorial

Bluetooth is a way to exchange data with other devices wirelessly. Android provides
Bluetooth API to perform several tasks such as:
 scan bluetooth devices
 connect and transfer data from and to other devices
 manage multiple connections etc.
Android Bluetooth API

The android.bluetooth package provides a lot of interfaces classes to work with
bluetooth such as:
 BluetoothAdapter
 BluetoothDevice
 BluetoothSocket
 BluetoothServerSocket
 BluetoothClass
 BluetoothProfile
 BluetoothProfile.ServiceListener
 BluetoothHeadset
 BluetoothA2dp
 BluetoothHealth
 BluetoothHealthCallback
 BluetoothHealthAppConfiguration
BluetoothAdapter class
By the help of BluetoothAdapter class, we can perform fundamental tasks such as
initiate device discovery, query a list of paired (bonded) devices, create a
BluetoothServerSocket instance to listen for connection requests etc.
Constants of BluetoothAdapter class
BluetoothAdapter class provides many constants. Some of them are as follows:

 String ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE
 String ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE
 String ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED
 String ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED
Methods of BluetoothAdapter class
Commonly used methods of BluetoothAdapter class are as follows:

 static synchronized BluetoothAdapter getDefaultAdapter() returns the
instance of BluetoothAdapter.
 boolean enable() enables the bluetooth adapter if it is disabled.
 boolean isEnabled() returns true if the bluetooth adapter is enabled.
 boolean disable() disables the bluetooth adapter if it is enabled.
 String getName() returns the name of the bluetooth adapter.
 boolean setName(String name) changes the bluetooth name.
 int getState() returns the current state of the local bluetooth adapter.
 Set<BluetoothDevice> getBondedDevices() returns a set of paired (bonded)
BluetoothDevice objects.
 boolean startDiscovery() starts the discovery process.
Android Bluetooth Example: enable, disable and make discovrable

bluetooth programmatically
You need to write few lines of code only, to enable or disable the bluetooth.
activity_main.xml
Drag one textview and three buttons from the pallete, now the activity_main.xml file
will like this:
oid"
6.
7. <TextView android:text=""
8. android:id="@+id/out"
10. android:layout_height="wrap_content">
11. </TextView>
12. <Button
20. android:text="TURN_ON" />
21.
22. <Button
29. android:text="DISCOVERABLE" />
30.
31. <Button
38. android:text="TURN_OFF" />
39.
Provide Permission
You need to provide following permissions in AndroidManifest.xml file.
1. <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
e="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
The full code of AndroidManifest.xml file is given below.

3. package="com.example.bluetooth"
6.
7. <uses-sdk
10.
13.
14. <application
19. <activity
20. android:name="com.example.bluetooth.MainActivity"
22. <intent-filter>
24.
27. </activity>
28. </application>
29.
30. </manifest>
Activity class
Let's write the code to enable, disable and make bluetooth discoverable.
1. package com.example.bluetooth;
6. import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
15.
17. private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 0;
18. private static final int REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BT = 0;
19. @Override
23. final TextView out=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.out);
24. final Button button1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
27. final BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefault
Adapter();
28. if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
29. out.append("device not supported");
30. }
31. button1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
33. if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
34. Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_RE
QUEST_ENABLE);
35. startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
36. }
37. }
38. });
40. @Override
42. if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
43. //out.append("MAKING YOUR DEVICE DISCOVERABLE");
44. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "MAKING YOUR DE
VICE DISCOVERABLE",
45. Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
46.
47. Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_RE
QUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
48. startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_DISCOVERAB
LE_BT);
49.
50. }
51. }
52. });
54. @Override
56. mBluetoothAdapter.disable();
57. //out.append("TURN_OFF BLUETOOTH");
58. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "TURNING_OFF BLUETO
OTH", Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
59.
60. }
61. });
62. }
63.
64. @Override
68. return true;
69. }
70.
71. }
Android Bluetooth List Paired Devices

Example
The getBoundedDevices() method of BluetoothAdapter class provides a set containg
list of all paired or bounded bluetooth devices.
In this example, we are checking if the bluetooth is turned off, if yes then turn it on
and list all the paired devices.
activity_main.xml
Drag one textview from the pallete, now the activity_main.xml file will like this:
oid"
6.
7. <TextView
15. android:text="Showing Paired Devices:" />
16.
Provide Permission
You need to provide following permissions in AndroidManifest.xml file.
The full code of AndroidManifest.xml file is given below.

3. package="com.example.bluetoothshowpaired"
6.
7. <uses-sdk
10.
13.
14. <application
19. <activity
20. android:name="com.example.bluetoothshowpaired.MainActivity"
22. <intent-filter>
24.
27. </activity>
28. </application>
29.
30. </manifest>
Activity class
Let's write the code to provide the list of paired (bounded) bluetooth devices.
1. package com.example.bluetoothshowpaired;
2.
6. import java.util.Set;
7. import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
8. import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
11.
14. private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 1;
15. BluetoothAdapter btAdapter;
16.
18. @Override
22.
23. textview1 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1);
24.
25. // Getting the Bluetooth adapter
26. btAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
27. textview1.append("\nAdapter: " + btAdapter);
28.
29. CheckBluetoothState();
30. }
31.
32. /* It is called when an activity completes.*/
33. @Override
34. protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent dat
a) {
35. super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
36. if (requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT) {
37. CheckBluetoothState();
38. }
39. }
40.
41. @Override
42. protected void onDestroy() {
44. }
45.
46. private void CheckBluetoothState() {
47. // Checks for the Bluetooth support and then makes sure it is turned on
48. // If it isn't turned on, request to turn it on
49. // List paired devices
50. if(btAdapter==null) {
51. textview1.append("\nBluetooth NOT supported. Aborting.");
52. return;
53. } else {
54. if (btAdapter.isEnabled()) {
55. textview1.append("\nBluetooth is enabled...");
56.
57. // Listing paired devices
58. textview1.append("\nPaired Devices are:");
59. Set<BluetoothDevice> devices = btAdapter.getBondedDevices();
60. for (BluetoothDevice device : devices) {
61. textview1.append("\n Device: " + device.getName() + ", " + device);
62. }
63. } else {
64. //Prompt user to turn on Bluetooth
65. Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQU
EST_ENABLE);
66. startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
67. }
68. }
69. }
70.
71.
72. @Override
76. return true;
77. }
78.
79. }
Android Wifi Example

The android.net.wifi.WifiManager class can be used to manage the wifi
connectivity. It can be used to add network, disable network, scan for access points,
disconnect etc.
Android wifi example to enable and disable wifi
Let's see the simple example of wifi to enable and disable the wifi service.
activity_main.xml
oid"
6.
7. <Button
15. android:text="Enable Wifi" />
16.
17. <Button
24. android:text="Disable Wifi" />
25.
Activity class
1. package com.example.wifi;
2.
3. import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
11.
13. Button enableButton,disableButton;
14. @Override
18.
19. enableButton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
20. disableButton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);
21.
22. enableButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
23. public void onClick(View v){
24. WifiManager wifi = (WifiManager) getSystemService(Context.WIF
I_SERVICE);
25. wifi.setWifiEnabled(true);
26. }
27. });
28. disableButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
29. public void onClick(View v){
30. WifiManager wifi = (WifiManager) getSystemService(Context.WIF
I_SERVICE);
31. wifi.setWifiEnabled(false);
32. }
33. });
34. }
35.
36. @Override
40. return true;
41. }
42.
43. }
Output:
Android Camera Tutorial

Camera is mainly used to capture picture and video. We can control the camera by
using methods of camera api.
Android provides the facility to work on camera by 2 ways:
1. By Camera Intent
2. By Camera API
Understanding basic classes of Camera Intent and

API
There are mainly four classes that we are going to discuss.
Intent
By the help of 2 constants of MediaStore class, we can capture picture and video
without using the instance of Camera class.
1. ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE
2. ACTION_VIDEO_CAPTURE
Camera
It is main class of camera api, that can be used to take picture and video.
SurfaceView
It represents a surface view ore preview of live camera.
MediaRecorder
It is used to record video using camera. It can also be used to record audio files as we
have seen in the previous example of media framework.
Android camera app example by camera intent
In this example, we are writing the simple code to capture image using camera and
displaying the image using imageview.
activity_main.xml
Drag one imageview and one button from the pallete, now the xml file will look like
this:
oid"
6.
7. <Button
11. android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
13. android:text="Take a Photo" >
14. </Button>
15.
16. <ImageView
17. android:id="@+id/imageView1"
19. android:layout_height="fill_parent"
20. android:layout_above="@+id/button1"
22. android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher" >
23. </ImageView>
25. </textarae></div>
26.
27. <hr/>
28. <h4 class="h4">Activity class</h4>
29. <p>Let's write the code to capture image using camera and displaying it on the
image view.</p>
30. <div id="filename">File: MainActivity.java</div>
31. <div class="codeblock"><textarea name="code" class="java">
32. package com.example.simplecamera;
33.
36. import android.graphics.Bitmap;
41. import android.widget.ImageView;
42.
44. private static final int CAMERA_REQUEST = 1888;
45. ImageView imageView;
47.
50.
51. imageView = (ImageView) this.findViewById(R.id.imageView1);
52. Button photoButton = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button1);
53.
54. photoButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
55.
56. @Override
58. Intent cameraIntent = new Intent(android.provider.MediaStore.ACTI
ON_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
59. startActivityForResult(cameraIntent, CAMERA_REQUEST);
60. }
61. });
62. }
63.
64. protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data
) {
65. if (requestCode == CAMERA_REQUEST) {
66. Bitmap photo = (Bitmap) data.getExtras().get("data");
67. imageView.setImageBitmap(photo);
68. }
69. }
70.
71. @Override
75. return true;
76. }
77.
78. }
Output:
Android Sensor Tutorial
Sensors can be used to monitor the three-dimensional device movement or change in
the environment of the device.
Android provides sensor api to work with different types of sensors.
Types of Sensors
Android supports three types of sensors:
1) Motion Sensors
These are used to measure acceleration forces and rotational forces along with three
axes.
2) Position Sensors
These are used to measure the physical position of device.
3) Environmental Sensors
These are used to measure the environmental changes such as temperature, humidity
etc.
Android Sensor API

Android sensor api provides many classes and interface. The important classes and
interfaces of sensor api are as follows:
1) SensorManager class
The android.hardware.SensorManager class provides methods :

 to get sensor instance,
 to access and list sensors,
 to register and unregister sensor listeners etc.
You can get the instance of SensorManager by calling the method getSystemService()
and passing the SENSOR_SERVICE constant in it.
1. SensorManager sm = (SensorManager)getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVIC
E);
2) Sensor class
The android.hardware.Sensor class provides methods to get information of the

sensor such as sensor name, sensor type, sensor resolution, sensor type etc.
3) SensorEvent class
Its instance is created by the system. It provides information about the sensor.
4) SensorEventListener interface
It provides two call back methods to get information when sensor values (x,y and z)
change or sensor accuracy changes.
Public and abstract methods Description
void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int it is called when sensor accuracy is
accuracy) changed.
it is called when sensor values are
void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event)
changed.
Android simple sensor app example
Let's see the two sensor examples.

1. A sensor example that prints x, y and z axis values. Here, we are going to see
that.
2. A sensor example that changes the background color when device is shuffled.
Click for changing background color of activity sensor example
activity_main.xml
There is only one textview in this file.

oid"
6.
7. <TextView
16.
Activity class
Let's write the code that prints values of x axis, y axis and z axis.
1. package com.example.sensorsimple;
6. import android.hardware.SensorManager;
7. import android.hardware.SensorEventListener;
8. import android.hardware.SensorEvent;
9. import android.hardware.Sensor;
12. SensorManager sm = null;
13. TextView textView1 = null;
14. List list;
15.
16. SensorEventListener sel = new SensorEventListener(){
17. public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {}
18. public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
19. float[] values = event.values;
20. textView1.setText("x: "+values[0]+"\ny: "+values[1]+"\nz: "+values[2
]);
21. }
22. };
23.
24. @Override
28.
29. /* Get a SensorManager instance */
30. sm = (SensorManager)getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVICE);
31.
32. textView1 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView1);
33.
34. list = sm.getSensorList(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER);
35. if(list.size()>0){
36. sm.registerListener(sel, (Sensor) list.get(0), SensorManager.SENSOR_
DELAY_NORMAL);
37. }else{
38. Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Error: No Accelerometer.", Toast.
LENGTH_LONG).show();
39. }
40. }
41.
42. @Override
43. protected void onStop() {
44. if(list.size()>0){
45. sm.unregisterListener(sel);
46. }
47. super.onStop();
48. }
49. }
Output:
What is next?
Android Sensor Example

In this example, we are going to create a sensor application that changes the
background color of activity when device is shaked.
For understanding about sensor basics, visit the previous page that provides details
about sensor api.
Android Sensor Example
activity_main.xml
"
6.
7. <TextView
8. android:id="@+id/textView"
11. android:text="Shake to switch color" />
12.
Activity class
1. package com.example.sensor;
2.
5. import android.hardware.Sensor;
6. import android.hardware.SensorEvent;
7. import android.hardware.SensorEventListener;
8. import android.hardware.SensorManager;
12.
13. public class MainActivity extends Activity implements SensorEventListener{
14. private SensorManager sensorManager;
15. private boolean isColor = false;
16. private View view;
17. private long lastUpdate;
18.
19. @Override
23. view = findViewById(R.id.textView);
24. view.setBackgroundColor(Color.GREEN);
25.
26. sensorManager = (SensorManager) getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVI
CE);
27. lastUpdate = System.currentTimeMillis();
28. }
29. //overriding two methods of SensorEventListener
30. @Override
31. public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {}
32. @Override
33. public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
34. if (event.sensor.getType() == Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER) {
35. getAccelerometer(event);
36. }
37.
38. }
39.
40. private void getAccelerometer(SensorEvent event) {
41. float[] values = event.values;
42. // Movement
43. float x = values[0];
44. float y = values[1];
45. float z = values[2];
46.
47. float accelationSquareRoot = (x * x + y * y + z * z)
48. / (SensorManager.GRAVITY_EARTH * SensorManager.GRAVITY_
EARTH);
49.
50. long actualTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
51. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),String.valueOf(accelationSquar
eRoot)+" "+
52. SensorManager.GRAVITY_EARTH,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).s
how();
53.
54. if (accelationSquareRoot >= 2) //it will be executed if you shuffle
55. {
56.
57. if (actualTime - lastUpdate < 200) {
58. return;
59. }
60. lastUpdate = actualTime;//updating lastUpdate for next shuffle
61. if (isColor) {
62. view.setBackgroundColor(Color.GREEN);
63.
64. } else {
65. view.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED);
66. }
67. isColor = !isColor;
68. }
69. }
70.
71. @Override
72. protected void onResume() {
73. super.onResume();
74. // register this class as a listener for the orientation and
75. // accelerometer sensors
76. sensorManager.registerListener(this,sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Se
nsor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER),
77. SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL);
78. }
79.
80. @Override
81. protected void onPause() {
82. // unregister listener
83. super.onPause();
84. sensorManager.unregisterListener(this);
85. }
86. }
Android Simple Graphics Example

The android.graphics.Canvas can be used to draw graphics in android. It provides
methods to draw oval, rectangle, picture, text, line etc.
The android.graphics.Paint class is used with canvas to draw objects. It holds the
information of color and style.
In this example, we are going to display 2D graphics in android.
activity_main.xml
oid"
10.
11. <TextView
15.
Activity class
1. package com.example.simplegraphics;
2.
7. import android.graphics.Canvas;
9. import android.graphics.Paint;
11.
13.
14. DemoView demoview;
16. @Override
19. demoview = new DemoView(this);
20. setContentView(demoview);
21. }
22.
23. private class DemoView extends View{
24. public DemoView(Context context){
25. super(context);
26. }
27.
28. @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
29. super.onDraw(canvas);
30.
31. // custom drawing code here
32. Paint paint = new Paint();
33. paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
34.
35. // make the entire canvas white
36. paint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
37. canvas.drawPaint(paint);
38.
39. // draw blue circle with anti aliasing turned off
40. paint.setAntiAlias(false);
41. paint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
42. canvas.drawCircle(20, 20, 15, paint);
43.
44. // draw green circle with anti aliasing turned on
45. paint.setAntiAlias(true);
46. paint.setColor(Color.GREEN);
47. canvas.drawCircle(60, 20, 15, paint);
48.
49. // draw red rectangle with anti aliasing turned off
50. paint.setAntiAlias(false);
51. paint.setColor(Color.RED);
52. canvas.drawRect(100, 5, 200, 30, paint);
53.
54. // draw the rotated text
55. canvas.rotate(-45);
56.
57. paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
58. canvas.drawText("Graphics Rotation", 40, 180, paint);
59.
60. //undo the rotate
61. canvas.restore();
62. }
63. }
64. @Override
68. return true;
69. }
70. }
Output:

Android

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Android Tutorial

What is Open Handset Alliance (OHA) ?

There are many advantages of android. They are as follows:

Categories of Android applications

Android Versions, Codename and API

Android Versions Image

Android Software Stack

Android Core Building Blocks

An activity is a class that represents a single screen. It is like a Frame in AWT.

Intent is used to invoke components. It is mainly used to:

Intent intent=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);

Service is a background process that can run for a long time.

Content Providers are used to share data between the applications.

It contains informations about acvities, content providers, permissions etc. It is like

Android Virtual Device (AVD)

Simple way by ADT Bundle

It is the simplest technique to install required softwares for android application. It

7. Create the hello android application

1) Install the Java Development Kit (JDK)

3) Download and install the android SDK

4) Download the ADT plugin for eclipse

6. After completing the installation, restart the eclipse IDE

5) Configuring the ADT plugin

4. Click the apply button then OK.

6) Create an Android Virtual Device (AVD)

4. click the create AVD

7) create and run the simple android example

How to make android apps

3. Run the android application

Example of Hello Android

1) Create the New Android project

For creating the new android project:

2) Write the message

3) Run the android application

To run the android application:

Generated R.java file

It contains resource files including activity_main, strings, styles etc.

It contains information about package including components such as activities,

Dalvik Virtual Machine

AndroidManifest.xml file in android

Elements of the AndroidManifest.xml file

application is the subelement of the manifest. It includes the namespace declaration.

activity is the subelement of application and represents an activity that must be

It adds a category name to an intent-filter.

Android R.java file

Note: If you delete R.jar file, android creates it automatically.

Android Hide Title Bar Example

Android Hide Title Bar Example

Android Screen Orientation Example

The common values for screenOrientation attribute are as follows:

Android landscape mode screen orientation example

download this android example

Android Working with Button

Drag the component or write the code for UI in activity_main.xml

Now write the code to display the sum of two numbers.

download this example

Constants of Toast class

 public static final int LENGTH_LONG

Methods of Toast class

 public static Toast makeText(Context context, CharSequence text, int

Simple example to diaplay the toast

Here, getApplicationContext() method returns the instance of Context.

Full code of Activity class