Individual and Music Preference

Individual Differences in Musical Taste
Author(s): ADRIAN C. NORTH

Source: The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 123, No. 2 (Summer 2010), pp. 199-208
Published by: University of Illinois Press
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/amerjpsyc.123.2.0199
Accessed: 23-10-2016 15:55 UTC
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Individual Differences in Musical Taste
ADRIAN C. NORTH
Heriot Watt University
Several studies have investigated the relationship between (usually a narrow set of) personality
dimensions and liking for a small number of individual musical styles. To date there has been
no attempt to investigate, within a single methodology, the extent to which personality factors
correlate with liking for a very wide range of musical styles. To address this, 36,518 partici-
pants rated their liking for 104 musical styles, completed a short form of the Big 5 personality
inventory, and provided other data about their favorite musical styles. Personality factors were
related to both liking for the musical styles and participants’ reasons for listening to this music.
However, on the whole these latter variables were related more closely to participants’ age,
sex, and income than to Big 5 scores. Thus, personality is related to musical taste, but other
individual differences are arguably related more closely.
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INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MUSICAL TASTE t
5"#-&Rotated component matrix
Component
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Classical .832
Baroque .790
20th century .749
Opera .747
Choral .705
Cool jazz .809
Jazz .785
Free jazz .773
Smooth jazz .722
Funk .558
Soundtracks and theme songs .739
Musicals .666
Showtunes .651
Easy listening .647
Film scores .608
Pop .573
Romantic .520
American folk .794
Folk rock .708
Country and Western .694
Bluegrass .676
Folk music .640
Punk .784
Alternative rock .757
Indie .727
Garage .627
Ska .570
Samba .671
Rumba .665
Latino .570
Swing .538
Rap .845
Hip-hop .840
R&B .674
Reggae .536
Dance and electronica .877
Techno .864
House .772
Disco .544
Rock and roll .657
Rock and heavy metal .641
Marching and military .582
Religious and praise .550
Eigenvalue 5.25 4.99 4.41 4.31 4.15 3.65 3.52 3.12 1.80 1.63
Percentage of variance 9.90 9.41 8.31 8.14 7.84 6.89 6.64 5.89 3.39 3.07
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BOEUIF#JH'JWFEJNFOTJPOTQFSTFJTQPUFOUJBMMZ folk, alternative rock, Latino, music of black origin
NPSFPQFOUPEFCBUF (MOBO), dance, rock,BOEfunctional.
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lot
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5"#-&Mean standardized beta weights for each component
R2 Self-esteem Creative Hardworking Outgoing Gentle At ease Age Gender Income
Classical music Strength .055 .037 .123 .009 .034 .018 .013 .192 .045 .050
(Component 1) Direction .037 .123 .003 –.034 .008 .013 .192 .045 –.050
Jazz Strength .028 .039 .096 .007 .037 .021 .021 .066 .056 .061
(Component 2) Direction .039 .096 –.005 .037 .021 .021 .034 –.056 –.044
Mainstream Strength .045 .019 .049 .018 .022 .036 .010 .067 .149 .061
(Component 3) Direction .017 .025 .018 .019 .036 .003 .024 .149 –.032
Folk (component 4) Strength .030 .018 .067 .018 .018 .010 .005 .150 .005 .028
Direction –.001 .063 .006 –.010 .001 .005 .150 .001 –.013
Alternative rock Strength .029 .023 .052 .022 .018 .022 .008 .144 .027 .053
(Component 5) Direction –.021 .052 –.019 .005 –.022 .003 –.144 .008 .052
Latino Strength .043 .045 .062 .011 .038 .023 .017 .121 .121 .035
(Component 6) Duration .045 .062 .011 .038 .018 .017 .121 .121 –.035
Music of Black Strength .044 .030 .015 .021 .090 .010 .015 .142 .058 .056
origin Direction .030 .003 .000 .090 .001 .015 –.082 .046 .206
(Component 7)
Dance Strength .025 .016 .035 .007 .068 .020 .005 .102 .069 .092
(Component 8) Direction .016 .027 .005 .068 –.012 –.004 –.102 –.024 .092
Rock Strength .035 .032 .028 .016 .015 .031 .018 .126 .082 .052
(Component 9) Direction .002 .028 –.004 .010 .006 .018 –.126 –.061 .052
Functional Strength .020 .030 .017 .021 .015 .027 .012 .102 .087 .074
(Component 10) Direction .030 .017 .021 –.007 .012 .012 .102 –.011 –.074
Grand mean Strength .035 .029 .054 .015 .036 .022 .012 .121 .070 .056
Direction .019 .050 .004 .022 .007 .010 .017 .022 .015
t NORTH
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Reasons for Listening to Favorite Musical Style TPDJBUJPOTUIBUQSPWJEFTPNFTVQQPSUGPSUIFOPUJPO
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5"#-&Standardized beta weights concerning reasons for listening to favorite musical style
Reason F R2 Constant Self-esteem Creative Hardworking Outgoing Gentle At ease Age Gender Income
Enjoy 51.26 .012 8.23 .069 .061 .001ns –.006ns .004ns .013* –.012 .046 –.017**
(t = 144.45) (t = 11.66) (t = 11.58) (t = .14) (t = 1.03) (t = .71) (t = 2.32) (t = 1.99) (t = 8.76) (t = 2.62)
Creative 656.06 .135 3.942 –.062 .355 .003ns .027 .036 –.018** –.077 –.012* –.034
(t = 33.77) (t = 11.31) (t = 71.56) (t = .63) (t = 5.03) (t = 7.32) (t = 3.37) (t = 13.15) (t = 2.51) (t = 5.70)
Boredom 193.23 .044 7.704 –.050 .023 –.007ns .002ns –.030 –.016** –.186 .077 .028
(t = 58.25) (t = 8.66) (t = 4.38) (t = 1.29) (t = .36) (t = 5.80) (t = 2.83) (t = 30.27) (t = 14.97) (t = 4.43)
Difficulties 413.03 .089 7.940 –.160 .058 .036 .037 .005ns –.042 –.112 .184 –.021
(t = 60.72) (t = 28.29) (t = 11.34) (t = 6.66) (t = 6.64) (t = .97) (t = 7.77) (t = 18.69) (t = 36.62) (t = 3.50)
Trendy 99.95 .023 3.159 –.054 –.035 .006ns .087 .021 –.037 –.137 .009ns .068
(t = 28.96) (t = 9.26) (t = 6.62) (t = 1.16) (t = 15.25) (t = 4.08) (t = 6.55) (t = 21.98) (t = 1.69) (t = 10.67)
Tension 195.67 .044 6.947 –.040 .031 .044 .025 –.004ns –.034 –.132 .151 .032
(t = 62.52) (t = 6.95) (t = 5.94) (t = 8.02) (t = 4.43) (t = .77) (t = 6.12) (t = 21.46) (t = 29.28) (t = 5.15)
Image 225.46 .051 6.064 –.104 .038 –.019** .059 .050 –.028 –.148 –.021 –.027
(t = 44.21) (t = 18.09) (t = 7.39) (t = 3.39) (t = 10.46) (t = 9.73) (t = 5.02) (t = 24.15) (t = 4.04) (t = 4.36)
Emotions 275.95 .061 5.873 –.105 .096 .007ns .069 .033 –.048 –.051 .162 –.040
(t = 44.25) (t = 18.42) (t = 18.55) (t = 1.32) (t = 12.40) (t = 6.53) (t = 8.71) (t = 8.28) (t = 31.78) (t = 6.36)
Friends 103.07 .024 2.491 –.083 –.020 –.019** .056 .031 –.014* –.084 –.054 –.009ns
(t = 30.62) (t = 14.23) (t = 3.81) (t = 3.36) (t = 9.91) (t = 6.09) (t = 2.41) (t = 13.44) (t = 10.43) (t = 1.46)
Loneliness 489.98 .104 8.283 –.248 .025 .008ns –.026 .020 –.049 –.034 .114 –.045
(t = 59.74) (t = 44.33) (t = 4.90) (t = 1.51) (t = 4.70) (t = 4.07) (t = 9.02) (t = 5.78) (t = 22.76) (t = 7.32)
Note. Reasons are “To enjoy the music,” “To be creative and use my imagination,” “To relieve boredom,” “To help me get through difficult times,” “To be trendy or cool,”
“To relieve tension and stress,” “To create an image for myself,” “To express my feelings and emotions,” “To please my friends,” and “To reduce loneliness.”
p < .001 in all cases, except ns = not significant. *p < .05. **p < .01. df = 9,37791 in all cases.
t NORTH
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t NORTH

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Individual Differences in Musical Taste

Author(s): ADRIAN C. NORTH

3FTFBSDIIBTDIBSBDUFSJ[FEBFTUIFUJDSFTQPOTFTUP 0/FJMM *WBMEJ öôôõ

American Journal of Psychology

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MUSICAL TASTE t

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MUSICAL TASTE t

5"#-&Mean standardized beta weights for each component

R2 Self-esteem Creative Hardworking Outgoing Gentle At ease Age Gender Income

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MUSICAL TASTE t

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MUSICAL TASTE t

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Individual and Music Preference

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Individual and Music Preference

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Individual Differences in Musical Taste

Author(s): ADRIAN C. NORTH

3FTFBSDIIBTDIBSBDUFSJ[FEBFTUIFUJDSFTQPOTFTUP 0/FJMM *WBMEJ öôôõ

American Journal of Psychology

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MUSICAL TASTE t 

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MUSICAL TASTE t 

5"#-&Mean standardized beta weights for each component

R2 Self-esteem Creative Hardworking Outgoing Gentle At ease Age Gender Income

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MUSICAL TASTE t 

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MUSICAL TASTE t 

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3FTFBSDIIBTDIBSBDUFSJ[FEBFTUIFUJDSFTQPOTFTUP 0/FJMM *WBMEJ öôôõ

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MUSICAL TASTE t

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MUSICAL TASTE t

5"#-&Mean standardized beta weights for each component

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MUSICAL TASTE t

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MUSICAL TASTE t