Veeto Vecto r GIS and Raste r GIS

D r GIS:
ataco in . .
of 8 . Pnsect of "X Y" . the form
lllgle Points . ' co-ordmate representation of locations on the earth that take
d
That is, Vector Sttings of points or closed lines that is polygon.
gular
coordinate ata records as spatial information as "X, Y" co-ordinates in a rectan · 1 d.
~
· .1eatur
systems · P omt are recorded as single "X, Y" location. Line features me u mg
the out1· es
1ne of pol
Ygons are recorded as an order series of "X, Y" coordinates.
Advantage:
1) Provide ex t ..
2) T _ac position which is cartographically more accurate and acceptable.
is of network linkages.
apology Is explicitly described and can be used for spatial analys

Disadvantages:
1
) Complex data structure found in vector data structure.
2
) Overlay and spatial analysis operations is complex.
3) Displ ay and plotting is very expensive.

Raster GIS:
(Pixel or cell) in the grid is
Cell data arranged in a regular grid pattern in which each unit
r data records spatial information
assig ned an ident ifying value based on its characteristics. Raste
cell withi n this grid contains a
in a regul ar grid organ ized as a set of rows and columns. Each
soil type, elevation, land use, slope
numb er of repre sentin g particular geographic feature such as
etc.

Adva ntage :
1) Simp le data struct ure.
2) Over lay and spatia l opera tions are easy.
3) Integ ration of remo tely sense d data is easy.
4) Gene rally the techn ology is cheap and easily developed.

Disad vanta ge:

1) Data storin g effici ency is very low.
2) Posit ion is not accur ate at low resol ution .
3) Netw ork linka ge and topol ogy is diffic ult to estab lish.
4) Spati al type of softw are is need ed in raste r data structure.
 1) ARC· Ar Term inolog y
. Ine define d by
· h
2) N ode·T an ordered set of "X ' Y" coordinates
· e end Point of
3) L an ARC or the point where two or more ARC connects to each other.
abel Point · A .
· point defined by an "X, Y" coordinate or a point feature of the
user-IDs of a
polygon.
.
4) Polygon: An
ing ARCs defirung
· .d e. area define d by the ARC that makes up its boundary includ
island ms1

. . .
5) Tic: A geogr hi er and transf orm the coord mates m cover age.
ap c contro l pomt used to regist
6) Verte x· "X Y" . helps to
· ' coord mates pair that occurs along an ARC betwe en the nodes and
defin e the shape of the ARC.

7) Cove rage: An autom ated map layer.

8 ation from two or more
) Overl ay opera tion analy sis: The proce ss of comb ining spatia l inform
spatia l bound aries and
maps of the same geogr aphic area to drive a map consi sting of new
entiti es or theme s.