1. What is lubrication? And state its function.

- It is the process that reduces friction and wear of one or both surfaces which are moving
relative to each other, by interposing a substance called a lubricant in between them.

- The function of the lubrication system is to continuously supply the oil to the friction
surface of each moving part to form a thin layer of lubricating oil film, and increasing the
resistance of the movement.

2. What are the Engine parts that need lubrication?

1. Crank shaft. 2. Crank pin.
3. Connecting rod (big and small end). 4. Piston pin.
5. Cylinder walls (internal surfaces). 6. Piston rings.
7. Cam shaft & bearings. 8. Valve mechanisms.

3. What are the components of the lubrication system?

1. Oil Pan - reservoir or storage area for engine oil.
2. Oil Level Gauge - checks the amount of oil in the oil pan.
3. Oil Pump - forces oil throughout the system.
4. Oil Pickup and Strainers - carries oil to the pump and removes large particles.
5. Oil Filters - strains out impurities in the oil.
6. Oil Galleries - oil passages through the engine.
7. Oil Pressure Indicator - warns the operator of low oil pressure.
8. Oil Pressure Gauge - registers actual oil pressure in the engine.
9. Oil Temperature Regulator - controls engine oil temperature on diesel engines.

4. Explain the mist lubrication system.

In this system, a small quantity of lubricating oil (usually 2 to 3%) is mixed with the fuel
(preferably gasoline). The oil and fuel mixture is introduced through the carburetor. The
gasoline vaporized and oil in the form of mist enters the cylinder via the crank base. The
droplets of oil strike the crank base. This lubricates the main and connecting rod bearings and
the rest of the oil lubricates the piston, piston rings and cylinder.
The system is preferred in two stroke engines where crank base lubrication is not required.

5. What are the new technologies in Lubrication?

1. Using nanoparticles CuO + FeO 3 which enhances the physical and tribological
characteristics of the lubricating oil.

2. Recycling of Waste Engine Oils Using a Acetic Acid.

6. What are the companies of the engine oil?

-Mobil -Shell -Castrol -Valvoline -Liqui Moly