R.M.S. (Effective) Value & Avg.

Value

 Notes:
 ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝜽)𝒅𝜽 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝜽)
 ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝜽)𝒅𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝜽)
𝟏
 ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝜽)𝒅𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝜽)
𝟐
𝟏
 ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝜽)𝒅𝜽 = − 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝜽)
𝟏
 Sin2(𝜽) = 𝟐 ( 1 – cos (2 𝜽))
 Cos(π ) = -1
 Cos(2 π) = 1
 Cos (0) = 1
𝛑
 Cos (𝟐 ) = 0

 Sin (π ) = 0
 Sin (2 π) = 0
 Sin (0) = 0
𝛑
 Sin (𝟐 ) = 1

 V = Vmax Sin( 𝜽 )
 I = Imax Sin( 𝜽 )
 1- Full Wave : -

T=π

I = A Sin( 𝜃 )

1 𝑇 1 π
 Irms = √𝑇 ∫0 𝑖 2 𝑑𝜃 = √π ∫0 (𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃))2 𝑑𝜃

π𝐴2 𝐴2 π1
= √ ∫0 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃))2 𝑑𝜃 = √ π ∫0 ( 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜃)) 𝑑𝜃
π 2

𝐴2 π 𝐴2 π 1 π
= √2π ∫0 ( 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜃)) 𝑑𝜃 = √2π ( 𝜃 | − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜃) | )
0 0

𝐴2 1 𝐴2
= √2π ((π − 0) − 2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛(2π) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛(0)) = √2π ∗ π

𝐴
= Amp.
√2

1 𝑇 1 π 𝐴 𝜋
 Iavg. = ∫ 𝑖 𝑑𝜃 =
𝑇 0
∫ (𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃)) 𝑑𝜃 = π ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃)𝑑𝜃
π 0

−𝐴 𝜋 −𝐴 2𝐴
= ( cos(𝜃) | ) = π ( -1 -1 ) = π Amp.
π 0
 2- Half Wave:-

T = 2π
1 𝑇
 Vrms = √𝑇 ∫0 𝑣 2 𝑑𝜃

1 𝜋 2𝜋
= √2𝜋 ( ∫0 𝐴2 (sin(𝜃))2 𝑑𝜃 + ∫𝜋 0 𝑑𝜃 )

𝐴2 𝜋1
= √2𝜋 ∫0 ( 1 − cos(2𝜃)) 𝑑𝜃
2

𝐴2 𝜋 1 𝜋
= √4𝜋 ( 𝜃 | − sin(2θ) | )
0 2 0

𝐴2 1 𝐴
=√ ((𝜋 − 0 ) − ( 0 − 0) = Volt.
4𝜋 2 2

1 𝑇
 Vavg. = 𝑇 ∫0 𝑣 𝑑𝜃

1 𝜋 2𝜋
= 2𝜋 ( ∫0 𝐴 sin(𝜃) 𝑑𝜃 + ∫𝜋 0 𝑑𝜃 )

𝐴 𝜋 −𝐴 𝜋 −𝐴 𝐴
= 2𝜋
∫0 sin(𝜃) 𝑑𝜃 = 2𝜋
cos(𝜃) | =
0 2𝜋
(-1-1) = 𝜋 volt
 3- Sine Wave:-

1 𝑇
 Irms = √𝑇 ∫0 𝑖 2 𝑑𝜃

1 π 2π
=√ (∫ (𝐴 sin(𝜃))2 𝑑𝜃 + ∫π (−𝐴 sin(𝜃))2 𝑑𝜃
2π 0

𝐴2 π1 2𝜋 1
=√2π ( ∫0 ( 1 − cos(2𝜃)) 𝑑𝜃 + ∫𝜋 ( 1 − cos(2𝜃)) 𝑑𝜃 )
2 2

𝐴2 π 1 π 2π 1 2π
= √4π ( ( 𝜃 | − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜃) | ) + ( 𝜃 | − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜃) | ))
0 0 π π

𝐴2 𝐴2 𝐴
= √4π ( π − 0 + π − 0 ) = √ 2 = Amp.
√2

1 𝑇 1 π 2𝜋
 Iavg. = ∫ 𝑖 𝑑𝜃 = ( ∫0 (𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃)) 𝑑𝜃+ ∫𝜋 (−𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃) )𝑑𝜃
𝑇 0 2π

𝐴 𝜋 𝜋
= ( -cos(𝜃) | – ( -cos(𝜃) | ) )
2π 0 0

−𝐴 𝐴
= ( (-1 -1) – (1-1)) = Amp.
2π π
4- Saw Tooth Wave :-

T=𝝅

𝑨𝒕 (𝑨 𝒕)
i (t) = =
𝑻 𝝅

1 𝑇
 Irms = √𝑇 ∫0 𝑖 2 𝑑𝑡

1 𝝅 𝐴𝑡
= √𝝅 ∫0 ( 𝝅 )2 𝑑𝑡

𝐴2 𝝅 𝐴2 𝑡3 𝜋
=√𝝅𝟑 ∫0 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 = √𝝅𝟑 ∗ |
3 0

𝐴2 𝐴
= √3𝝅𝟑 ∗ 𝝅𝟑 = Amp.
√3

1 𝝅 𝐴𝑡 𝐴 𝑡2 𝜋
 Iavg. = ∫ (𝝅) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝜋2 * |
𝝅 0 2 0
𝐴 2 𝐴
= 2 ∗ 𝜋 = 2 Amp.
2𝜋
 5-

T=4

 0<𝑡 <2
𝑖−0 10−0
=
𝑡−0 2−0

i=5t
 2< 𝑡 < 4
i = - 10
1 𝑇
 Irms = √𝑇 ∫0 𝑖 2 𝑑𝑡

1 2 4
= √4 ( ∫0 25𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 + ∫2 100 𝑑𝑡)

1 𝑡3 2 4
= √4 ( 25 | + 100 𝑡 | )
3 0 2
1 (8−0)
= √4 ( 25 + 100 (4 − 2) ) = 8.16 Amp.
3

1 𝑇 1 2 4
 Iavg. = ∫ 𝑖 𝑑𝑡 = 4 ( ∫0 5𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫2 ( −10 ) 𝑑𝑡)
𝑇 0
1 𝑡2 2 4
= ( (5 | ) – 10 t| )
4 2 0 2
1 ( 4−0 )
= 4 ( (5 ) – 10 ( 4 -2 ) = - 2.5 Amp.
2
 6-
T=5
𝐴𝑡 5𝑡
I(t) = = =t
𝑇 5

51 1 𝑡3 5
 Irms = √ ∫0 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 = √5 |
5 3 0
1 (125−0 )
= √5 = 2.887 Amp.
3

1 5 1 𝑡2 5 25
 Iavg. = ∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = | = = 2.5 Amp.
5 0 5 2 0 10
 7-

T=5

 0< 𝑡 < 2

𝑣−0 10−0
=
𝑡−0 2−0

V=5t

 2< 𝑡 < 5

V=0

1 2 5
 Vrms = √5 ( ∫0 (5 𝑡 )2 𝑑𝑡 + ∫2 0 𝑑𝑡 )

1 𝑡3 2 1 (8−0)
= √5 ∗ 25 ∗ | = √5 ∗ 25 ∗ 3 = 3.65 volt.
3 0

1 2 5
 Vavg. = 5 ( ∫0 5 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫2 0 𝑑𝑡 )

1 𝑡2 2
=5*5* | = 2 volt.
2 0