What is criminal law; Penal law; Crime; Felony; 2.

     Excessive penalty imposed

Offense?
·          Lito Corpuz vs. People, GR 180016, April
 Inmates of New Bilibid 29, 2014 (Injustice in penalty)
Prison vs. DOJ Sec, GR
21719, June 25, 2019 ·          Ireneo Cahulugan vs. People, GR 225695,
(penal law)                     March 21, 2018 (excessive penalty)

Theories in criminal law                         

Mala in se and Mala prohibita General characteristics of criminal law;

exemptions.
1.     Arnold James Ysodoro vs. People, GR
192330, Nov. 14, 2012 (mala prohibita under RPC) 1.    Generality (Art. 14, NCC)

2.     Jester Mabunot vs. People, GR 204659, a.     Jeffrey Liang vs. People GR 125865, January
September 19, 2016 (mala in se under SPL) 25, 2000 (Diplomatic immunity)

b.     Minucher vs. CA, GR 142396, Feb 11, 2003

Suppletory application of RPC provisions (Art.
10) to SPL
a.     Evangeline Ladonga vs. People GR 141066,
February 17, 2005 (Art. 10; BP 22)
Governing law (RPC, PD, EO, SPL, CA [Art. 10])
1.    Constitutional limitations in passing penal
legislation.
(State Agent)
c.     Nollora Jr vs. People, GR 191425, Sept 7,
2011 (Preferential application; bigamy)
d.     Estrada vs. Desierto, GR 14710-15, March 2,
2001 (Presidential Immunity)
2.    Territoriality (Art. 2, RPC)
a.    Norma A. Del Socorro vs. Ernst Johan
Brinkman Van Wilsem, GR 193707, December 10
2014 (territoriality)

People vs. Sandiganbayan and Ceferino S. ·          Extraterritoriality (RPC, SPL)

Paredes, GR 101724, July 3, 1992 (ex post facto
law) 3.    Prospectivity (see Art. 22)

2.     “Nulla crimen nulla poena sine lege”
3.    Interpretation/construction of criminal law.
a.     “In dubio pro reo” and rule of lenity
Amendment, repeal and decriminalization of an
act
·          Inmates of New Bilibid Prison vs. DOJ Sec,
GR 21719, June 25, 2019 (Art.22)

b.     Ambiguity` in the law  

c.     Equipoise evidence rule Classification of felonies

Duty of the court (Art. 5)     1. Intentional and Culpable; elements

1.     Whenever act is not penalized a.    Intelligence and freedom of action

(voluntariness)
·          Actus non facit reum, nisi mens sit rea

b.    Intent and negligence

·          Isidro P. Miranda vs. People, GR 234528,

January 23, 2019 (factors to determine intent to
kill)

·          Read: Ivler and Sevilla, and cases under

Art. 365

c.     Intent and Motive (variance in felony)

d.    Intelligence and discernment

    2. Gravity (Arts. 9, 25-26)

    3. Stages of execution (Subjective phase and

objective phase)

·          People vs. Aurelio Lamahang, GR L-43530,

August 3, 1935 (overt act, vague intent)

·          Norberto B. Cruz vs. People, GR 166441,

October 8, 2014 (attempted Art 266-A vs. Art 336)

    4. Formal, material, and crimes without

frustrated stage

a.     People vs. Noel R. Bejim, GR 208835,

January 19, 2018 (consummated rape)

b.     People vs. Cielito Orita, GR 88724, April 3,

1990 (attempted rape)

c.     Aristotel Valenzuela vs. People, GR 160188,

June 21 2007 (theft)

d.     People vs. Jesusa Figueroa, GR 186141, April

11, 2012 (sale of drugs)

e.     US vs. Valdez, GR 14128, December 10, 1918

(frustrated arson)

f.      People vs. Edgar Gutierrez, GR 100699, July

5, 1996 (consummated arson)

g.     Gregory James Pozar vs. CA, GR L-62439,

October 23, 1984 (corruption of public official; no
frustrated stage)