ASSIGNMENT 2

1. Extend block diagram

MULTIPLIER

Sine Wave 1 MULTIPLIER

Low-pass Filter

Chip Seq 1 Sequence 1

MULTIPLIER
Out 1

Sine Wave 2 Adder

MULTIPLIER
Low-pass Filter

Chip Seq 12Sequence 1

COMM CHANNEL
Out 2
MULTIPLIER

Sine Wave 3
MULTIPLIER
Low-pass Filter

Chip Seq 3 Sequence 1

Out 3

Figure 1 - Block Diagram for 3-Signal System

2. A third baseband signal was generated in the spreadsheet as shoen below

Figure 2 - Third Baseband Signal Generated in Excel

3. A third chipping sequence is randomly generated so that is orthogonal to the I and Q

sequences and has the same chipping rate.
4. At this point, the excel spreadsheet has 3 sines waves and 3 square waves as seen below,

Figure 3 - Excel Spreadsheet Showing 3 Sine Waves and 3 Square Waves

5. Now, all the results are presented below,

Figure 4 - 3 Baseband Signals

 Figure 5 - 3 Orthogonal Square Waves

Figure 6 - 3 Baseband Signals and Orthogonal Square Waves

Figure 7 - Chipped Version of Signal 1

Figure 8 - Chipped Version of Signal 2

Figure 9 - Chipped Version of Signal 3

Figure 10 - Chipped Signals 1,2, and 3

Figure 11 - Composite Signal of the Analog Sum of the Three Chipped Signals

Figure 12 - Composite Signal Multiplied by Square Wave 1

Figure 13 - Composite Signal Multiplied by Square Wave 2

Figure 14 - Composite Signal Multiplied by Square Wave 3

 Figure 15 - Recovered Signals After Integration

Figure 16 - Original Sine Wave 1 vs Recovered Signal 1

Figure 17 - Original Sine Wave 2 vs Recovered Signal 2

Figure 18 - Original Sine Wave 3 vs Recovered Signal 3

 Even though, the recovered signals are somewhat similar to the original signals, it is clear that the
recovered signals are phase shifted and their magnitude has slightly changed compared to the
original signal. This could be due to the chipping sequences not being “fast” enough with respect
to the baseband signals as well as the lowpass filter running average of the adjacent samples not
being accurate enough.

6. Now, using excel a bandpass filter has been emulated to sample a sinusoidal signal at different
sampling rates.

Figure 19 - Bandpass Filter with Fsig=1/32 and Ffilter=1/36

Figure 20 - Bandpass Filter with Fsig=1/35 and Ffilter=1/36

Figure 21 - Bandpass Filter with Fsig=1/42 and Ffilter=1/36

7. Show that the magnitude and phase changes caused by the filter are similar to those created by
the Laplace transform implementation of the filter that is shown in the presentation material on
filters.

From figure 19, we can see how near resonance, the filter output is less attenuated, and the phase
shift is minimal. From figure 20, we can see how at resonance, the input and output are almost
indistinguishable. Last in figure 21, we can see how far from the resonant frequency, the filter
attenuates, and phase shift is very significant.

8. Discuss, using careful explanation, example, and/or computation, how the resonant frequency and
Q factor of the Laplace-based filter relates to the sampling interval and number of samples used
in the sampling filter.

In general, resonant occurs when the reactive component of the circuit is zero, which means the
circuit is operating as resistive nature. Quality factor increases the quality of the inductor or
capacitor and it indicates the the quality of the Laplace based filter.

Sampling frequency means the number samples generated in one second. If you increase the
sampling frequency or the sampling interval, the sampling period will be reduced because the
sampling period is inversely proportional to the sampling frequency. If the sampling interval
increases, then the loss signal will be reduced, and it will mostly relate to original signal. These
means that increasing the quality factor and the sampling interval we can minimize the loss of
information from original signal to converted discrete signal.