Application of the Newton-Raphson method for the solution of the Colebrook-W

Colebrook equation
(valid for Re>4000 )
1 2 . 51
√f [
=0 . 869⋅Ln 0. 27⋅Rrel+
Re⋅√ f ]
The friction factor can be expressed as
1 Rrel 2 . 51
√f
=0 . 869⋅Ln
[ +
3. 71 Re⋅√ f ]
( -2)
Rrel 2. 51
{
f = 0 . 869⋅Ln
[ +
3 . 71 Re⋅√ f ]}
For clarity change f by x
( -2)
Rrel 2. 51
{
x= 0 . 869⋅Ln
[ +
3 .71 Re⋅√ x ]}
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Naming
F (x )= Fx
and
f' (x )= Fxx
Naming
F (x )= Fx
and
f' (x )= Fxx

( -2 )
Rrel 2 .51
{
Fx =x− 0. 869⋅Ln
[ +
3 . 71 Re⋅√ x ]}
(-3 )
Rrel 2 . 51 (−0. 5) 0 . 869
{
Fxx= 1 +2⋅ 0 . 869⋅Ln +
3. 71 Re
⋅x [ ]} ⋅
{
Rrel 2 . 5
+
3 .71 Re

Fx = xOld - (0.869 * Log( Rrel/3.71 + 2.51/(Re*fxOld^0.5 ) ) )^(-2 )

Fxx = 1 +2 * ( 0.869 * Ln( Rrel/3.71 + 2.51/(Re * xOld^0.5 ) ) )^(-3 ) * ( 0.869 * 1/

According to Newton-Raphson method,

a new solution is found as

xNew =xOld - Fx( xOld ) / Fxx( xOld )

Repeat the procedure, evaluating the

functions Fx and Fxx using the obtained
xNew =xOld - Fx( xOld ) / Fxx( xOld )

Repeat the procedure, evaluating the

functions Fx and Fxx using the obtained
xNew value
The iteration ends when the difference
between the New and the Old values is
small enough
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Tabulated solution

Data
Relative rugosity Rrel = 0.000333
Reynolds number Re = 125000

Equations to solve the Colebrook-White equation

Fx = xOld - (0.869 * Ln( Rrel/3.71 + 2.51/(Re*xOld^0.5 ) ) )^(-2 )

Fxx = 1 +2 * ( 0.869 * Ln( Rrel/3.71 + 2.51/(Re * xOld^0.5 ) ) )^(-3 ) * ( 0.869 * 1/

xNew = xOld - Fx(xOld) / Fxx(xOld)

Tabulated solution of
Colebrook-White equation using
the Newton-Raphson method

Initial solution Xold = 0.1

 xold Fx(xold) Fxx(xold) xnew
Eq. (1) Eq. (2) Eq. (3)
1 0.1 0.082833057 1.0081 0.0178
2 0.0178 -0.001233907 1.0803 0.0190
3 0.0190 -3.64183E-06 1.0741 0.01898
4 0.0190 -2.92104E-11 1.0741 0.018978

DxStop = 3.6E-06
ution of the Colebrook-White friction factor

Defining a function F that will have

a value of zero when evaluated with
the value of the solution

(-2)
Rrel 2 . 51
{
F (x )=x− 0 . 869⋅Ln +
[
3. 71 Re⋅√ x ]}
Obtain the derivative of the function F
( -3 )
Rrel 2. 51 (−0 .5 ) 0 . 869
{
F ' ( x )= 1 +2⋅ 0 . 869⋅Ln
[ +
3 .71 Re
⋅x
]} ⋅
{
Rrel 2. 51
+
3 . 71 Re

Assume an initial va
Use a value as near
expected solution . N

Evaluate the functio

 Assume an initial va
Use a value as near
expected solution . N

Evaluate the functio

for x = xOld

(-3 )
{
Fx =xOld− 0 . 869⋅

0 . 869 -1 .255 (−1 . 5)

5)
]} ⋅
{ ⋅
Rrel 2 . 51 (−0. 5 ) Re
+ ⋅x
⋅x [ ]} {
Fxx= 1 +2⋅ 0 . 869⋅
3 .71 Re
0 . 869
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¿
{
Rrel 2 .51
+
3 . 71 Re
⋅xOld

(Eq. 1)

3 ) * ( 0.869 * 1/( Rrel/3.71 + 2.51/( Re *xOld^0.5) ) * ( (-1.255/Re ) *xOld^(-1.5 ) ) ) (Eq. 2)

xNew = xOld - Fx(xOld) / Fxx(xOld) (Eq. 3)

 (Eq. 1)

3 ) * ( 0.869 * 1/( Rrel/3.71 + 2.51/( Re *xOld^0.5) ) * ( (-1.255/Re ) *xOld^(-1.5 ) ) ) (Eq. 2)

(Eq. 3)

Solutions using VBA functions

(only for Re > 4000)
f= Colebrook(Rrel, Re) f= Pipe_Friction_Factor_Rrel_Re
 Rrel = 0.000333 Rrel = 0.000333
Re = 125000 Re = 125000
f= #VALUE! f= #VALUE!

Iterations: 4
DxStop = 1.0E-06
 rev.cjc.30.10.2018
1

0 . 869 -1. 255 (−1. 5)

⋅
{ ⋅
[
Rrel 2. 51 (−0 .5 ) Re
+
3 . 71 Re
⋅x
⋅x
]}
Microsoft Equation
3.0

me an initial value as the solution

value as near as possible to the
ed solution . Name this value, xOld

ate the function and its derivative

me an initial value as the solution
value as near as possible to the
ed solution . Name this value, xOld

ate the function and its derivative

= xOld
( -2)
Rrel 2. 51
{
Old− 0 . 869⋅Ln
[ +
3 .71 Re⋅√ xOld ]}
(-3 )
Rrel 2 . 51
{
1 +2⋅ 0 . 869⋅Ln [ +
3. 71 Re
⋅xOld
(−0 . 5)
]} ⋅

69 -1. 255
+
2 .51
⋅xOld(−0 . 5 )
[
⋅
Re
⋅xOld
(−1 . 5)
]}
1 Re
Microsoft Equation
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3
 4

DarcyFriction_Rrel_Re
Rrel = 0.000333
Re = 125000
f= #MACRO?
Newton-Raphson method

Solution of a single equation Solve

x= 1.5 - exp(-l * x) f(x) = x - 1.5 + exp(-l*x)
l= 4

Newton-Raphson method

Evaluating the function at x = x old

f(xold) = xold -1.5 + exp(-l*xold)

and evaluating the first derivative

at x=xold
f '(xold) = 1 -l*exp(-

The new x-value is

xnew = xold - f(xold) / f '(xold)

Initial asumption
xinitial = 2
 '
f ( x )=1−λe− λx
f ( x old )
x new =x old − '
f ( x old )

f= ( - 2 * log( Rrel/3.7 + 2.51 / (Re

F= ( - 2 * log( Rrel/3.7 + 2.51

Fx = ( -2 * ( - 2 * log( Rrel/3.7 + 2.51

z= ( - 2 * log( Rrel/3.7 + 2.51 / (Re

-z/2 = ( - 2 * log( Rrel/3.7 + 2.51 / (Re

z/4 = log( Rrel/3.7 + 2.51 / (Re * f^
 1.- Tabulated solution using
the Newton-Raphson method
x - 1.5 + exp(-l*x) for xold f(xold) f '(xold) xnew
Eq. (1) Eq. (2) Eq. (3)

2 0.5003 0.9987 1.4990

aphson method 1.4990 0.0015 0.9900 1.4975
1.4975 0.0000 0.9900 1.4975
the function at x = x old 1.4975 0.0000 0.9900 1.4975
xold -1.5 + exp(-l*xold) Eq. (1)

2.- Goal-seek solution

ating the first derivative
f(x) = x - 1.5 + exp(-l*x)
1 -l*exp(-l*xold) Eq. (2) l= 4
x= 1.497496 (By changing)

f(x) = 0.000 (Set Cell)

xold - f(xold) / f '(xold) Eq. (3)

3. Solution using the VB function

Newton_Raphson_example_4
f(x) = x - 1.5 + exp(-l*x)
l = 4
x= Newtonn_example_4
x= #VALUE!

−λx
f (x )=x−1 . 5+e =0
( - 2 * log( Rrel/3.7 + 2.51 / (Re * f^0.5 ) ) )^(-2)

( - 2 * log( Rrel/3.7 + 2.51 / (Re * f^0.5 ) ) )^(-2) - f

( -2 * ( - 2 * log( Rrel/3.7 + 2.51 / (Re * f^0.5 ) ) )^-3 * dz/df -1

( - 2 * log( Rrel/3.7 + 2.51 / (Re * f^0.5 ) ) )

( - 2 * log( Rrel/3.7 + 2.51 / (Re * f^0.5 ) )

log( Rrel/3.7 + 2.51 / (Re * f^0.5 )
 −λx
5+e =0
[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Ws7cEH7w_U

[2] http://support.sas.com/documentation/cdl/en/imlug/66112/HTML/default/viewer.htm#imlug_genstat

[3] http://stackoverflow.com/questions/23443361/matrix-math-with-vba-system-of-linear-equations
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m-of-linear-equations
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