Kisi-Kisi Introduction to Business

Chapter 6
Why people take entrepreneur challenge?
People take entrepreneur challenge because of some reasons:
1. Opportunity : starting their own businesses offers them more opportunities
than working for
2. Profit : Starting business can make you gain an unpredictable profit
3. Independence : You can take something that motivates you, that inspires
you and act on it without roadblocks
4. Challenge : entrepreneurs seek achievement more than power

What the meaning of afillied marketing and intrapreneur?

Affiliate marketing is an online marketing strategy in which a business rewards
individuals or other businesses (affiliates) for each visitor or customer the affiliate sends
to its website.
Intrapreneur is creative people who work as entrepreneurs within corporations.
The idea is to use a company’s existing resources— human, financial, and physical—to
launch new products and generate new profits.

Chapter 7
Four Function of Management
1. Planning : anticipating trends and determining the best strategies and tactics
to achieve organizational goals and objectives
2. Organizing : designing the structure of the organization and creating
conditions and systems in which everyone and everything work together to
achieve the organization’s goals and objectives.
3. Leading : creating a vision for the organization and communicating, guiding,
training, coaching, and motivating others to achieve goals and objectives in a
timely manner.
4. Controlling : establishes clear standards to determine whether an
organization is progressing toward its goals and objectives, rewarding people
for doing a good job, and taking corrective action if they are not.
 SWOT Analysis
A planning tool used to analyse an organization’s strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats. Opportunities and threats are often external to the firm and
cannot always be anticipated. Weaknesses and strengths are more often internal and
therefore more within reach of being measured and fixed.

Relationship of three values skill and level of management

All managers need human relations skills. At the top, managers need strong
conceptual skills and rely less on technical skills. Firstline managers need strong
technical skills and rely less on conceptual skills. Middle managers need to have a balance
between technical and conceptual skills.

Three Leadership Style

1. Autocratic leadership : means making managerial decisions without
consulting
2. Participative (democratic) leadership : involves managers and employees
working together to make decisions
3. Free-rein leadership : managers set objectives and employees are free to do
whatever is appropriate to accomplish those objectives. Free-rein leadership
is often the most successful leadership style in certain organizations, such as
those in which managers supervise doctors, professors, engineers, or other
professionals
Chapter 8
Type of Organization
1. A line organization : Is a direct two-way lines of responsibility, authority, and
communication running from the top to the bottom of the organization, with
everyone reporting to only one supervisor. Many small businesses are
organized this way.
2. Line-and-Staff Organizations :
 Line Personnel : are responsible for directly achieving organizational
goals, and include production workers, distribution people, and
marketing personnel
 Staff Personnel : advise and assist line personnel in meeting their
goals, and include those in marketing research, legal advising,
information technology, and human resource management.
3. Matrix Structure : An organization in which specialists from different parts
of the organization are brought together to work on specific projects but still
remain part of a line-and-staff structure. The matrix structure was developed
in the aerospace industry and is now familiar in areas such as banking,
management consulting firms, accounting firms, ad agencies, and school
systems

4. Cross-Functional Self Managed Teams : Groups of employees from different

departments who work together on a long-term basis. Cross-functional
teams work best when the voice of the customer is brought in, especially in
product development tasks
5. Virtual Corporation : A temporary networked organization made up of
replaceable firms that join and leave as needed.
Chapter 9
What is production process and define what is CAD, CAM,CIM, Robotic.
The production process consists of taking the factors of production (land, etc.)
and using those inputs to produce goods, services, and ideas. Planning, routing,
scheduling, and the other activities are the means to accomplish the objective—output.
1. Computer Aided-Design (CAD) : The use of computers in the design of
products.
2. Computer Aided-Manufacturing (CAM) : The use of computers in the
manufacturing of products.
The use of both computer-aided design and computer-aided
manufacturing, makes it possible to custom design products to meet the
needs of small markets with very little increase in cost
3. Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) : The uniting of computer-aided
design (CAD) with computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
4. Robotic : robots do replace people on the assembly line, but most of those
jobs are dirty or so repetitive that robots are necessary, or at least helpful.
Robots are slowly, but surely either helping people perform better or are
replacing them completely.
5. Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) : a computer-based operations
management system that uses sales forecasts to make sure needed parts and
materials are available at the right time and place
6. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) : a newer version of MRP, combines the
computerized functions of all the divisions and subsidiaries of the firm—such
as finance, human resources, and order fulfillment—into a single integrated
software program that uses a single database
7. International Organization of Standardization (ISO) : a worldwide federation
of national standards bodies from more than 140 countries that set global
measures for the quality of individual products ; nongovernmental
organization established to promote the development of world standards to
facilitate the international exchange of goods and services.

Chapter 13
Evolution of marketing Concept
1. Costumer Orientation : Find out what consumers want and provide it for
them
 2. Service Orientation : Make sure everyone in the organization has the same
objective: customer satisfaction
3. Profit Orientation : Focus on those goods and services that will earn the
most profit and enable the organization to survive and expand to serve more
consumer wants and needs

The relation between non profit and marketing

Organizations use marketing, in fact, to promote everything from
environmentalism and crime prevention (“Take A Bite Out Of Crime”) to social issues
(“Friends Don’t Let Friends Drive Drunk”).

Marketing environment
Environmental scanning is the process of identifying factors that can affect
marketing success which are global, technological, sociocultural, competitive, and
economic influences.

 Global Factors : Using the Internet, businesses can reach many of the world’s
consumers relatively easily and carry on a dialogue with them about the goods
and services they want
 Technological Factors : Using consumer databases, blogs, social networking, and
the like, companies can develop products and services that closely match
consumers’ needs
 Sociocultural Factors : Marketers must monitor social trends to maintain their
close relationship with customers, since population growth and changing
demographics can have an effect on sales
 Competitive Factors : Now that consumers can literally search the world for the
best buys online, marketers must adjust their pricing, delivery, and services
accordingly
 Economic Factors : As the economy slowed, marketers had to adapt by offering
products that were less expensive and more tailored to consumers with modest
incomes.

What is b2b, b2c, c2c and marketing mix

1. The business-to-business (B2B) market : consists of all the individuals and
organizations that want goods and services to use in producing other goods
and services or to sell, rent, or supply goods to others
2. The Business to Costumer (B2C) Market : refers to the transactions
conducted directly between a company and consumers who are the end-
users of its products or services. The business to consumer as a business
model differs significantly from the business-to-business model, which refers
to commerce between two or more businesses
3. The Costumer to Costumer (C2C) market : is a business model whereby
customers can trade with each other, typically, in the online environment.
Two implementations of C2Cmarkets are auctions and classified
advertisements
4. Marketing Mix : The ingredients that go into a marketing program: product,
price, place, and promotion.