CHAPTER

1 Functions

1. Diagram (i): Arrow diagram 10. Given f (x) = 2x – 5 and f (x) = 10.
Diagram (ii): Ordered pairs 2x – 5 = 10
Diagram (iii): Graph 15
x = —–
2. (a) 3 2
15
(b) 2 Therefore, the object is —–.
2
(c) (i) {2, 1, –1}
(ii) {–3, 3, 6} 11. h(x) = sin x
(iii) {–3, 3, 6} h(90°) = sin 90°
(d) one-to-one = 1
3. (a) many-to-one x–7
(b) (i) {8, 9, 16} 12. g(x) = ——–
5 
(ii) {9, 16}
2–7
4. Since x-coordinate is one more than y, then
(a)
5
g(2) = ——– 
(a) x = 12, = |–1|
(b) y = 14. = 1
(b) g(x) = 4
5. (a) one-to-many
(b) Since image in set B is the square root of object x–7
in set A,

——– = 4
5 
then y = ±AB 9 x–7 x–7
——– = 4 or ——– = – 4
= ±3 5 5
x – 7 = 20 x – 7 = –20
6. (a) many-to-many x = 27 x = –13
(b) Range = {d, e, f}
13. f (x) = |x – 5|
7. Diagram (i): one-to-one
When x = –2,
Diagram (ii): one-to-one
f (x) = |–2 – 5|
Diagram (iii): is not a function because object c has
= |–7|
no image.
=7
Diagram (iv): is not a function because it is
one-to-many relation. When x = 7,
Diagram (v): many-to-one f (x) = |7 – 5|
=2
8. (a) 5 When x – 5 = 0
(b) 4 x = 5
(c) f : x → x + 3 or f (x) = x + 3
When x = 0,
(d) (i) {2, 4, 5}
f (x) = 0 – 5
(ii) {5, 7, 8}
= – 5
9. f (x) = 3x2 =5
Image for object –1 = f (–1)
= 3(–1)2
=3

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   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 1

x –2 0 5 7 When x = 3,
f (3) = –6 – 1
f (x) 7 5 0 2 = –5
When 2x – 1 = 0,
f (x)
1
x = —
7 2
5
1
x 0 — 3
2 2
x
f (x) –1 0 –5
–2 0 5 7
f (x)
Range = 0 < f (x) < 7 0 x
–1 1 3
14. (a) –
2
f (x)

–5
f(x) =  cos x  f(x) = – 2x – 1 
1
Therefore, the range of f (x) is –5 < f (x) < 0.
x
0
90° 180° 270° 360° 17. (a) f (7) = 3(7) – 1
= 20
(b) When x = 120° 3
(b) f (3) = 5 + —
f  (120°) = cos 120° 3
1 =6
= – —
2  
1 18. Since the graph is a straight line,
= — 3–0 3
2 the gradient = ———– = —, f (x)-intercept = 3
Hence, the range of f (x) is 0 < f (x) < 1. 0 – (–2) 2
3
Therefore, the equation is f (x) = —x + 3.
15. (a) (i) f (x) = x2 – 4 2
Image for object 3 = f (3) 19. (a) fg(x) = f (1 – 6x)
= 32 – 4 = 3(1 – 6x)
=5 = 3 – 18x
(ii) Image for object – 4 = f (– 4)
= (– 4)2 – 4 (b) gf (x) = g(3x)
= 12 = 1 – 6(3x)
(b) (i) = 1 – 18x
f (x)
(c) f  2(x) = ff (x)
12
= f (3x)
= 3(3x)
5 = 9x
4 (d) g2(x) = gg(x)
0
x = g(1 – 6x)
–4 –2 2 3
= 1 – 6(1 – 6x)
Hence, the range of f (x) is 0 < f (x) < 12. = 1 – 6 + 36x
(ii) f (x) = 5 = 36x – 5
x2 – 4 = 5
x2 = 9 20. (a) hp(x) = h(x2 – 2x)
x = ±AB 9 = 2(x2 – 2x) + 3
= ±3 = 2x2 – 4x + 3
(b) ph(x) = p(2x + 3)
16. f (x) = –2x – 1
= (2x + 3)2 – 2(2x + 3)
When x = 0,
= (2x + 3)(2x + 3 – 2)
f (0) = ––1
= (2x + 3)(2x + 1)
= –1

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 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 1  

21. (a) fg(–2) = f  [1 – 4(–2)2] y–2

= ——– + 1
= f  [1 – 16] 10
= f (–15) y+8
= ——–
15 10
= – —– + 3
2 x+8
9 Therefore, g(x) = ——–
=–— 10
2
2 25. (a) f (x) = 2x + 1
1
(b) gf (–2) = g – — + 3
2 2 f (2) = t
= g(2) 2(2) + 1 = t
= 1 – 4(2)2 t = 5
= –15 (b) f –1(t) = 2

22. (a) fg(x) = 4 26. (a) g–1(5) = 0

f (1 – 3x) = 4 (b) g(r) = 8
5(1 – 3x) = 4 5 + 2r = 8
5 – 15x = 4 2r = 3
–15x = –1 3
1 r = —
x = —– 2
15 (c) Let g–1(7) = x,
(b) gf (x) =
–3 + x then 7 = g(x)
g(5x) =
–3 + x = 5 + 2x
1 – 3(5x) =
–3 + x 2x = 2
1 – 15x =
–3 + x x = 1
16x =
4 Hence, g–1(7) = 1
4
x = —–
16 27. (a) Let f –1(x) = y,
1 then x = f (y)
= —
4 = 2y
f  2(x) =
(c) 8x + 1 x
y = —
ff (x) =
8x + 1 2
x
f (5x) =
8x + 1 Hence, f –1(x) = —
5(5x) =
8x + 1 2
25x =
8x + 1 (b) Let g–1(x) = y,
17x =
1 then x = g(y)
1 y
x = —– = —
17 5
y = 5x
23. hg(x) = 4x2 – 2x + 5 Hence, g–1(x) = 5x
3g(x) – 1 = 4x2 – 2x + 5
3g(x) = 4x2 – 2x + 6 (c) Let h–1(x) = y,
2 then x = h(y)
g(x) = —(2x2 – x + 3) = 3y + 1
3
3y = x – 1
x x–1
24. gh(x) = — + 1 y = ——–
2 3
x x–1
g(2 + 5x) = — + 1.........................1 Hence, h (x) = ——–
–1
2 3
Let 2 + 5x = y (d) Let p–1(x) = y,
y–2 then x = p(y)
x = ——–
5 y
= — + 1
From 1, 2
y
y–2 — = x – 1
1——–
5 2
2
y = 2(x – 1)
g(y) = ———– + 1
2
Hence, p–1(x) = 2(x – 1)
= 2x – 2

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   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 1

28. (a) t – 3 = 0 8
n = 4 + —

t = 3 3
(b) Let f  –1(x) = y, 20
then x = f ( y) = —–
3
2
= ——– 6. fg(5) = f(5 + 4)
y–3
= f(9)
2
y – 3 = — x 9
=
2 2×9+3
y = — x +3 9
2 =
Therefore, f  –1(x) = — 21
x + 3, x ≠ 0 3
(c) Let g  (x) = y,
–1 =
7
then x = g(y)
y 7. (a) hf (3) = 2
= ——–
y+1 (b) h–1(2) = 6
x(y + 1) = y
xy + x = y 8. Let f –1(x) = y,
y – xy = x then x = f (y)
y(1 – x) = x = 3 – 4y
x 4y = 3 – x
y = ——–
1–x 3–x
x y = ——–
Therefore, g–1(x) = ——–, x ≠ 1 4
1–x 3–x
Therefore, f –1(x) = ——–
4
29. (a) The inverse function of f, f  –1, does not exist
Hence, f –1g(x) = f –1(1 + 2x)
for the domain –5 < x < 5 because f  –1 is a
many-to-one type of relation. 3 – (1 + 2x)
= —————–
(b) The inverse function of f, f –1, exists because f –1 4
is a one-to-one type of relation. 3 – 1 – 2x
= ————–
4
2 – 2x
= ———
4
2(1 – x)
1. (a) a = ———–
4
(b) r 1–x
(c) one-to-one = –—––
2
2. (a) f (2) = –1 9. f  2(x) = ff (x)
(b) g(–1) = 3 = f (p – qx)
(c) gf (2) = g(–1) = p – q(p – qx)
=3 = p – pq + q2x
\ f  2(x) = q2x + p – pq.................1
3. fg(x) = f(x2 – 5) Compare 1 to the f  2(x) = x + 2.
= 3(x2 – 5) + 1
= 3x2 – 15 + 1 Therefore, q2 = 1
= 3x2 – 14 q = ±1
and p – pq = 2
4. (a) one-to-one
When q = 1, p – p(1) = 2
(b) f : x → x2 or f (x) = x2
0 ≠ 2
x–n Therefore, q = 1 is rejected.
5. f (x) = ——–
x
2 When q = –1, p – p(–1) = 2
f  (4) = – — p + p = 2
3
2 2p = 2
4 – n
——– = – — p = 1
4 3
8 Hence, p = 1 and q = –1.
4 – n = – —
3

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 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 1  

10. (a) Let p–1(x) = y, (c) hg(x) = 6 – 5x

then x = p(y) x
= ——–
4 2 1 2
h — – 1 = 6 – 5x.................1
y+1 x
x(y + 1) = 4 Let — – 1 = y,
2
4 x
y + 1 = — x then — = 1 + y
2
4 x = 2 + 2y................2
y = — x –1
4 Therefore, 1 becomes h(y) = 6 – 5(2 + 2y)
Hence, p–1(x) = — – 1, x ≠ 0 = 6 – 10 – 10y
x
4 = – 4 – 10y
(b) p–1(5) = — – 1 Hence, h(x) = – 4 – 10x
5
1
=–—
5
13. f (x) = 2x – 2
11. Let f  (x) = y,
–1 f  (–2) = 2(–2) – 2
then x = f (y) = –6
= p – 3y = 6
3y = –x + p Therefore, the range is 2 < f (x) < 6.
x p
y = – — + —
3 3 x+5
x p 14. h(x) = ——–
\ f  (x) = – — + —......................1
–1 2
3 3 h(q) = 8
q 2 q+5
Compare 1 to the f –1(x) = —x + — ——– = 8
2 3 2
q 1 q + 5 = 16
Therefore, — = – —
2 3 q = 11
2
q = – —
3
and p = 2 15. (a) f (x) = x
x2 – 3x = x
x2 – 4x = 0
12. (a) Let f –1(x) = y,
x(x – 4) = 0
then x = f (y)
x = 0, 4
= 4 + 5y
x–4
y = ——– (b) f (x) = 2g(x)
5
x–4 x2 – 3x = 2x2 + 2
Hence, f  (x) = ——–
–1
x2 + 3x + 2 = 0
5
(x + 1)(x + 2) = 0
x–4
1
(b) gf –1(x) = g ——–
5 2 x = –1, –2
x – 4
1
——–
———–5 2
= –1
2
x–4
= ——– – 1 1
10 1. (a) —
2
x – 4 – 10
= ————– (b) x = 12 since element in set B is half of set A.
10
x – 14
= ———
10 2. (a) f –1(15) = 3
(b) codomain = {10, 15, 20, 30}

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   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 1

3. Let f (x) = y, 10. (a) (i) Let h–1(x) = y,

then x = f –1(y) then x = h(y)
y+1 = 4y – 3
x = ——–
4 x+3
y + 1 = 4x y = ——–
4
y = 4x – 1 x+3
h (x) = –1 ——–
Hence, f (x) = 4x – 1 4

2
1x
4. fg(x) = f   — + 3 2 h–1g(2) = h–1 1 – —
2 3 4
2
x = h–1(0)
=1+5—+3 1
2 2 0+3
= ——–
5 4
= 1 + —x + 15 3
2 = —
5 4
= —x + 16
2
g–1(x) = y,
(ii) Let
then x = g(y)
5. gf (3) = g(5) y
=6 = 1 – —
2
y
6. (a) many-to-one — = 1 – x
2
(b) f : x → x2 or f (x) = x2 y = 2 – 2x
g–1(x) = 2 – 2x
x
7. fg(x) = — + 7 hg–1(x) = h(2 – 2x)
4
x = 4(2 – 2x) – 3
3g(x) – 1 = — + 7
4 = 8 – 8x – 3
x = 5 – 8x
3g(x) = — + 8
4
x 8
g(x) = —– + — (b) gh(x) = g(4x – 3)
12 3
4x – 3
= 1 – ———
8. h2(x) = hh(x) 2
3
= h(ax + b)
= a(ax + b) + b
= 1 – 2x – — 1
2 2
= a2x + ab + b................................... 1 3
= 1 – 2x + —
2
Compare 1 with h2(x) = 4x + 9 5
= — – 2x
Therefore, a2 = 4 2
a = ± 2 5 – 4x
= ———............................ 1
and ab + b = 9....................................... 2 2

Since a . 0, m – nx
hence a = 2 Compare gh(x) = ——— with 1,
2
Substitute a = 2 into 2, Hence, m = 5 and n = 4.
2b + b = 9
3b = 9 11.
b = 3 2
x –1 0 — 4
3
Hence, a = 2 and b = 3.
f (x) 5 2 0 10
x
9. hg(x) = h —1 2
2
f (x) = 2 – 3x
x
1 2
=3— –1
2
When x = –1,
f (–1) = 2 – 3(–1)
3
= —x – 1
2 = 2 + 3
Hence, p(x) = hg(x) =5

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 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 1  

When x = 4, x 9
(b) f (x) = —– + —
f (4) = 2 – 12 4 2
—
= –10 5
5x 9
= 10 = —– + —
4 2
When f (x) = 0, Let f –1(4) = p,
2 – 3x = 0 then 4 = f (p)
2 5 9
x = — = —p + —
3 4 2
When x = 0, 5 9
—p = 4 – —
f (0) = 2 – 0 4 2
=2 1
= – —
2
f (x)
1 4
10 p = – — × —
2 1
5 2 1 2
2
5 = – —
2 5
x 2
–1 0 2 4 Hence, f  (4) = – —
–1
–
3
5

(a) The range for 0 < x < 4 is 0 < f (x) < 10. 13. (a) fg(x) = 4x – 7
(b) When f (x) = 5 f (x – 3) = 4x – 7........................... 1
2 – 3x = 5 or 2 – 3x = –5 Let x – 3 = y,
3x = –3 7 then x = y + 3
x = —
x = –1 3
Therefore, 1 becomes f (y) = 4(y + 3) – 7
7 = 4y + 12 – 7
Therefore, the domain is –1 < x < —.
3 = 4y + 5
12. (a) f (2) = 7 Hence, f (x) = 4x + 5
2 (b) Let f –1(5) = p,
—
a + b = 7.................................... 1

then 5 = f (p)
f 
(–2) = 2 = 4p + 5
–2 p = 0
—– + b = 2.................................. 2
a
Therefore, gf –1(5) = g(0)
1 + 2, 2b = 9 =0–3
9 = –3
b = —
2
(c) Let g–1(x) = y, and Let f –1(x) = y,
9 then x = g(y) then x = f (y)
Substitute b = — into 1,
2 = y – 3 = 4y + 5
2 9 x–5
—
— y = x + 3
a + 2 = 7 y = ——–
4
g  (x) = x + 3
–1
2 9 x – 5
— — f  –1
(x) = ——–
a = 7 – 2 4
14 – 9 f –1g–1(x) = 2x – 9
= ——— f –1(x + 3) = 2x – 9
2
5 (x + 3) – 5
= — ————– = 2x – 9
2 4
5a = 4 x – 2 = 8x – 36
7x = 34
4
a = — 34
5 x = —–
7

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   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 1

14. (a) f  2(x) = ff (x) x+1

x
1
gf (x) = g ——–
2 2
1
= f   ——–
x+2 2
x
1 + 1
= 4 ——– – 20 2
x 2
1
——–
x+2 2 = 2(x + 1) – 20
= —————– = 2x + 2 – 20
x
1 ——–
x+2 +22 = 2x – 18
x 16. (a) f (x) , 8
——–
x+2 x – 5 + 1 , 8
= ——————–
x + 2(x + 2) x – 5 , 7
—————–
x+2 –7 , x – 5 , 7
x –7 + 5 , x , 7 + 5
———
x+2 –2 , x , 12
= —–——
3x + 4
——— (b) (i) f  2(x) = ff (x)
x+2
= f (x – 2)
x 4
= ———, x ≠ – — = (x – 2) – 2
3x + 4 3
= x – 4
(b) Let f –1(x) = y, (ii) f  3(x) = f  2f (x)
then x = f (y) = f  2(x – 2)
y = (x – 2) – 4
= ——– = x – 6
y+2
x(y + 2) = y Hence, f  30(x) = x – 2 × 30
xy + 2x = y = x – 60
y – xy = 2x
y(1 – x) = 2x
2x
y = ——–
1–x
1. f (x) = |1 – x|, 0 < x < 2
2x
Hence, f  (x) = ——–, x ≠ 1
–1
x 0 1 2
1–x
f (x) 1 0 1
x+1 f(x)
15. (a) f (x) = ——–
2
f (r) = 4
r+1
——– = 4
2 1
r + 1 = 8
x
r = 7 0 1 2

g(4) = p
(b)
4 = g–1(p) f (x) = 7 – 3x, 2 , x < 3
p
4 = — + 5 7
4 x — 3
p 3
— = –1
4 f (x) 0 –2
p = – 4
f(x)

(c) Let g(x) = y,

then x = g–1(y) x
0 7 3
y –
3
= — 4 +5 –2
y
— 4 = x – 5
y = 4x – 20
g(x) = 4x – 20

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 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 1  

When f (x) = 0, 4. f (x) = px – q

7 – 3x = 0 Given f (4) = 5
7 4p – q = 5...................................... 1
x = —3 Given f –1(9) = 6
The graph of the function is 9 = f (6)
f(x) 9 = 6p – q
6p – q = 9................................. 2
1
2 – 1, 2p = 4
x
0 1 27 3 p = 2
–
–1 3
Substitute p = 2 into 2,
–2 6(2) – q = 9
q = 12 – 9
Therefore, the range is –2 < f (x) < 1. = 3

2. f (x) = 2x + 1
5. Let f –1(x) = y,
f   2(x) = ff (x)
then x = f (y)
= f (2x + 1) ay – b
= 2(2x + 1) + 1 = ———
y+4
= 4x + 3 xy + 4x = ay – b
f    3(x) = ff  2(x) ay – xy = 4x + b
= f (4x + 3) y(a – x) = 4x + b
4x + b
= 2(4x + 3) + 1 y = ———a–x
= 8x + 7 4x + b
Therefore, f  (x) = ———
–1
a–x
f   4(x) = f  2f  2(x)
= f  2(4x + 3) – 4x – 3
Compare to f –1(x) = ———–
= 4(4x + 3) + 3 x–2
= 16x + 15 – (4x + 3)
= —––––—–
– (2 – x)
Therefore, f  n(x) = 2nx + 2n – 1
4x + 3
= —–—–
2–x
3. Since f  2(x) = 4x + 9 is a linear function. Hence, a = 2, b = 3
Let f (x) = ax + b, where a and b are constants. f  (x) = 3x
f   (x) = ff (x)
2
2x – 3
—–—– = 3x
= f (ax + b) x+4
= a(ax + b) + b 2x – 3 = 3x2 + 12x
= a2x + ab + b 3x2 + 10x + 3 = 0
(3x + 1)(x + 3) = 0
Compare to f  2(x) = 4x + 9 3x + 1 = 0 or x + 3 = 0
a2 = 4 and ab + b = 9 x = – —1 or x = –3
a = ±2 3

When a = 2, 2b + b = 9
3b = 9 6. g(1) = –5
b = 3 5
—–—–– = –5
1 – b(1)
When a = –2, –2b + b = 9
5 = –5(1 – b)
–b = 9 1 – b = –1
b = –9 b = 2
Therefore, the possible expressions are f (x) = 2x + 3 f (1) = 5
or f (x) = –2x – 9. a(1) + b = 5
a + 2 = 5
a = 3

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   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 1

5 9. gf (x) = g(x – 3)
Therefore, g(y) = —–—– and f (y) = 3y + 2
1 – 2y = a(x – 3)2 – b
Function which maps z onto x is = a(x2 – 6x + 9) – b
z–2 z–2 = ax2 – 6ax + 9a – b
1
gf –1(z) = g ——–
3 2 f –1(z) = –––––
3
Given gf (x) = 2x2 – 12x + 13
5
= —————— Therefore, a = 2
z–2
1
1 – 2 ——–
3 2
9a – b = 13
5
= ————— 9(2) – b = 13
3 – 2z + 4
————– 18 – b = 13
3
15 7 b = 5
= ———, z ≠ —
7 – 2z 2
10. gf (x) = x2 – 4x + 8
g(x – 2) = x2 – 4x + 8
7. (a) f (x) = 1 – 2x
x–1 = (x – 2)2 – 4 + 8
f  –1(x) = ——–
–2 g(y) = y2 + 4
1–x
= ——– Therefore, g(x) = x2 + 4
2
g(x) = 4 + x 11. fg(x) = f (2 + bx)
g–1(x) = x – 4 = a(2 + bx) – 1
1–x = 2a + abx – 1
1
g–1f –1(x) = g–1 ——–
2 2
g f (x) = g(ax – 1)
1–x
= ——– – 4 = 2 + b(ax – 1)
2
1–x–8 = 2 + abx – b
= ——–—–
2 When fg = gf
–x – 7
= ——–– 2a + abx – 1 = 2 + abx – b
2
2a – 1 + abx = 2 – b + abx
(b) g f (x) = g(1 – 2x) \ 2a – 1 = 2 – b
= 4 + (1 – 2x)
2a + b = 3
= 5 – 2x
Let (gf  )–1(x) = y,
12. f  2(x) = ff (x)
then gf (y) = x
5 – 2y = x x
–2y = x – 5 1
= f   ——–
x–3 2
5–x x
y = ——– ——–
2 x–3
5–x = ————–
x
Therefore, (gf  )–1(x) = ——– ——– –3
2 x–3
x
8. hg(x2) = 41 ——–
x–3
h(3x2 – 2) = 41 = —————–
x – 3(x – 3)
4(3x2 – 2) + 1 = 41 —————
x–3
4(3x2 – 2) = 40
x
3x2 – 2 = 10 ——–
x–3
3x2 = 12 = —————
x2 = 4 x – 3x + 9
————–
x = ±2 x–3
x
= ———
9 – 2x

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 10

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 1  

Let f –1(x) = y, 15. y = h(x)

then x = f (y) y = x2 + 3
y
= ——– y = fg(x)
y–3
= f(x + 1)
xy – 3x = y
= 3(x + 1)
xy – y = 3x
= 3x + 3
y(x – 1) = 3x
y
3x
y = ——–
x–1 y = fg(x)
3x
Therefore, f  (x) = ——–
–1
y = h(x)
x–1 3
x
When f   (x) = f  (x)
2 –1
–1 0
x 3x
——–– = ——– The number of solutions for h(x) = fg(x) is two.
9 – 2x x–1
x(x – 1) = 3x(9 – 2x)
x2 – x = 27x – 6x2 16. (a) y = f (x)
7x2 – 28x = 0 x 7
7x(x – 4) = 0 =—+—
2 2
x = 0 or x – 4 = 0
x = 4 x –3 0 4
7 11
f (x) 2 — —–
2 2
13. f (x) = x
2x – 1 y = g(x)
——— = x = |1 – 2x|
x+3
2x – 1 = x2 + 3x 1
x –3 0 — 4
x2 + x + 1 = 0 2
b2 – 4ac = (1)2 – 4(1)(1) g(x) 7 1 0 7
=1–4
= –3 , 0 y
Hence, f (x) = x has no real root. y = g(x)
7
11
– y = f(x)
2
14. gf (x) = g(2x – 1) 7
–
4 2
= —————–– 2
a(2x – 1) – b 1
4 x
= ————–– –3 0 1 4
2ax – a – b –
2

4
—
2
= —————– x 7
2ax – a – b (b) — + — = 1 – 2x
—————
2 2 2
2 x + 7 = 2 – 4x
= —————– 5x = –5
a+b
1
ax – ——–
2 2 x = –1

2 x 7
Compare to given gf (x) = ——— , — + — =
–(1 – 2x)
3x – 1 2 2
a + b = 1 = –1 + 2x
a = 3 and ——– x + 7 = –2 + 4x
2
3 + b = 1 3x = 9
——– x = 3
2
3 + b = 2 x 7
For — + — > |1 – 2x|, –1 < x < 3.
b = –1 2 2

11 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 1

17. (a) y = f (x) (b) |x2 – 4| – 1 , 0

= |x2 – 4| |x2 – 4| , 1
x – 4 –2 0 2 4 x2 – 4 = 1
f (x) 12 0 4 0 12 x2 = 5
x = ±AB 5
f(x)
x2 – 4 = –1

y = f(x) x2 = 3
12
x = ±AB3
For |x2 – 4| – 1 < 0,
4
y = g(x)
–AB
5 , x , –AB
3, AB
3 , x , AB
5
1
x
–4 –2 0 2 4

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 12