Chapter 1 Review

Principles of Mathematics 10, pages 48–49

1. Translate each sentence into an algebraic 4. Solve each linear system using the
expression. method of substitution. Check each
a) three more than five times a number solution.
b) five less than one third of a value a) x + y = 5
y=x–3
c) one number increased by four times
another number b) x – y = 7
y = –x + 5
d) a value decreased by the fraction
three quarters c) 2x + y = 1
x – 3y = 4
2. Translate each sentence into an equation. d) 3x – 4y = 19
Tell how you are assigning the variables x + 2y = 3
in each. e) x + 3y = 15
a) Three times a number, increased by 4x – y = 8
four, is one half the same number, f) 5x – y = 4
decreased by one. –x + 3y = 2
b) Hannah’s age increased by five is
twice Jordan’s age, decreased by 5. There are 28 fish in an aquarium. There
seven. are eight more goldfish than neon tetras
c) Zoe has nickels and quarters that in the aquarium. How many goldfish are
total $1.65 in her piggy bank. in the aquarium? How many neon tetras
are in the aquarium?
3. Use Technology
a) Use a graphing calculator or The 6. Madeleine would like to rent a digital
Geometer’s Sketchpad® to find the camera this weekend. One company
point of intersection of the lines charges a flat rate of $75/day. A second
1 company charges $35/day plus $5/h.
y = 4x + 1 and y = – x – 2. a) Write two equations to represent the
4
If necessary, round your answer to information.
the nearest hundredth. b) Solve the linear system to find the
b) Use a graphing calculator or The number of hours for which the cost
Geometer’s Sketchpad® to find the of renting a digital camera is the
point of intersection of the lines same for both companies.
1
y = 5x + 3 and y = – x – 1. 7. Which is not an equivalent equation for
5
6x + 3y = 15?
If necessary, round your answer to
the nearest hundredth. A 2x + y = 5
B 12x + 6y = 30
C 9x + 6y = 18
1 5
D x+ y=
2 2

Chapter 1 • MHR 11
8. a) If y = 4x – 5 and 5y = kx – 25 are
equivalent linear equations, what is
the value of k?
b) If y = 6x + 2 and 4y = 24x + k are
equivalent linear equations, what is
the value of k?
12. One type of fertilizer has 40% nitrogen
and a second type of fertilizer has 20%
nitrogen. How much of each type of
fertilizer should be mixed to make
800 kg of fertilizer that has 25%
nitrogen?

9. The total number of graphing calculators 13. Use Technology The BLUE Cab
and scientific calculators in Charlotte’s Service charges $6 plus $2.00/km
classroom is 14. travelled. GREEN’s Taxi Service
charges $4 plus $2.50/km.
a) State how you will assign variables.
a) For what distance is the charge the
b) Write an equation to represent this
same using either taxi company?
situation. Then, write an equivalent
linear equation. b) For what number of kilometres
would you choose the BLUE Cab
Service?
10. Find the point of intersection of each
pair of lines using the method of c) For what number of kilometres
elimination. Check each solution. would you choose GREEN’s Taxi
Service?
a) x + y = 5
3x – y = 11
14. There are 52 books in Jean’s library.
b) 5x + 3y = 9
There are 28 more fiction books than
2x – 3y = 12
non-fiction books.
c) x + 3y = 11
a) How many fiction books are in
–x + 4y = –4
Jean’s library?
d) 4x + 5y = 18
b) How many non-fiction books are in
4x + y = 2
Jean’s library?
11. Solve each linear system. Check each
15. Murray invests his summer earnings of
solution.
$2440. He invests part of the money at
a) 5x + 4y = 20 8%/year, and the rest at 7.5%/year. After
4x – 3y = 16 one year, these investments earn $193 in
b) 5a + 3b = 4 simple interest. How much did he invest
2a – 4b = –1 at each rate?
c) 0.3m + 0.2n = 0.8
0.5m – 0.3n = 0.7 16. A speedboat took 3 h to travel a distance
d) 2(x + 3) + 4(y – 2) = 10 of 60 km up a river, against the current.
3(x – 2) + 5(y + 2) = 8 The return trip took 2 h. Find the
average speed of the boat in still water
and the speed of the current.

12 MHR • Exercise and Homework Book