EE 3113

INTRODUCTION INTO RF
CIRCUIT DESIGN
Lecture Notes for A-term 1999
LECTURE 5
Prof. R. Ludwig
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Worcester, MA
copyright © 1999, R. Ludwig
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Copyright, 1998 © R. Ludwig
 Lossless Transmission Line Model
Lossless implies:
• Line representation R = G = 0!

( R + jω L )
Characteristic impedance: Z0 =
(G + j ω C )

Note: R, L, G, C are given per unit length and depend on geometry

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Transmission Line Parameters for different line types

2-wire coax parallel-plate

1 1 1 1 2
R ( + )
πaσδ 2πσδ a b w σδ
µ −1 D µ b d
L ch ( ) ln( ) µ
π 2a 2π a w
πσ 2πσ w
G σ
ch−1 ( D /(2a)) ln(b / a ) d
πε 2πε w
ε
C −1
ch ( D /(2a)) ln(b / a ) d

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 Microstrip line
µ0 / ε 0 h W
Z0 = ln(8 + ),W / h < 1
2π ε eff W 4h

εr +1 εr −1
ε eff = + [(1 + 12h / W ) −1/ 2 + 0.04(1 − W / h) 2 ]
2 2

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 What is a voltage reflection coefficient?

Γ0 = 1 ( Z L → ∞)
Reflection coefficient Z L − Z0
Γ0 =
at the load location Z L + Z0 Γ0 = −1 ( Z L → 0)

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 Standing Waves

V (d ) = V + (e + jβd − e − jβd )

v(d , t ) = 2V + sin( βd ) cos(ωt + π / 2)

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 Standing wave ratio

match
| Vmax | | I max | 1+ | Γ0 |
SWR = = =
| Vmin | | I min | 1− | Γ0 |

SWR is a measure of mismatch of the

load to the line
SWR=1 (matched) or SWR → ∞ (total mismatch)

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