EE 3113

INTRODUCTION INTO RF
CIRCUIT DESIGN
Lecture Notes for A-term 1999
LECTURE 8
Prof. R. Ludwig
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Worcester, MA 01609
copyright © 1999, R. Ludwig
EE3113_L8 1
Copyright, 1998 © R. Ludwig
From Reflection Coefficient to Load
Impedance (Smith Chart)
• Reflection coefficient in phasor form
Z L − Z0
Γ0 = = Γ0 r + jΓ0i =| Γ0 | e jθ L
Z L + Z0
The load reflection
coefficient is identified in
the complex domain
Γ0

EE3113_L8 2
 Normalized impedance
1 + Γ (d ) 1 + Γr + jΓi
Z in (d ) / Z 0 = zin = r + jx = =
1 − Γ(d ) 1 − Γr − jΓi

Γ(d ) =| Γ0 | e jθ L e − j 2 βd = Γr + jΓi

Real part of normalized Imaginary part of

impedance normalized impedance

1 − Γr2 − Γi2 2Γi

r= x=
(1 − Γr ) 2 + Γi2 (1 − Γr ) 2 + Γi2

EE3113_L8 3
 Inversion of complex reflection coefficient
(constant normalized resistance)
r 2 1 2
(Γr − ) + Γi = (
2
)
r +1 r +1

EE3113_L8 4
 Inversion of complex reflection coefficient
(constant normalized reactance)

1 2 1 2
(Γr − 1) + (Γi − ) = ( )
2

x x

EE3113_L8 5
 Combined display: Smith Chart

EE3113_L8 6