JABATAN PENDIDIKAN NEGERI TERENGGANU STPM 2021 PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SEMESTER 1 BIOLOGY 964/1 ‘Tidak didonarkan menyunting atau moncotalx mana-mana bahagian dalam modul ini tanpa kebenaran Pengarah Pendidikan Negeri Teronggans,NM! osc scesecsesssesesssssssssssesseiensseeeNombor kad pengenalan : .. JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANTIT4R ATANDET 4 TRAN TERENGGANUJABATAN eae JAB "AN TERENGGe YAN TERENC™ 3770 em evemne y JAB 64/1 2AN TERENGG, ‘AN TERENC TRIAL YEAR z JABasasy snuasarAN TERENGG: — | ANTEREN SEN 1 R \JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGG: AN TEREN( 7 R \JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGG. “VAN TEREN STPM R JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGG, || Str 'AN TERENC 2021 R JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGG: = 'AN TEREN. R JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGG; SABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJAR JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGG, — TERENGGANU_N TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJAR JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGG ex esssrcssanerssmnenstdN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJAR SJABATAN PELAJARA™’™™ ‘TABATANPELAJAR JABATAN PELAJARA BIOLOGY JABATANPELAJAR JABATAN PELAJARA JABATANPELAJAR SJABATAN PELAJARA PAPER1 SEM 1 JABATANPELAJAR JABATAN PELAJARA One and a half hours TABATANPELAJAR JABATAN PELAJARAL sanwiysuan wuauasaiy eunuanacy sears oJABATANPELAJAR JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJAR JABATAN PELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPELAJARAN TERENGGANUJABATANPBLAJAR Instructions to candidates : DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. For examiner’s use Answer all questions in Section A, Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers. For each question, four Section Marks suggested answers are given. Choose the correct answer and A 1-15 circle the answer. Section | 16 Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the pa eeagce eae spaces provided. Answer any to questions in Section C. All essential | Section [18 | working should be shown. For numerical answers, unit °°! 19 should be quoted wherever appropriate. Begin each answer 20 ona fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in | —TOPAL, numerical order. This question paper consists of 13 printed pages and 0 blank page. Disediakan oleh: Dibiayai oleh: GURU AKRAM KERAJAAN NEGERI TERENGGANU, STPM 964/1 [Turn over] * This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over, CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 2 Answer all question 1 9641 Section A [15 marks] this section. Which property of water enables water strider @ water skipper bug to wall on its surface ? A Bipolar B Low viscosity C High cohesion D High adhesion Structure A Structure B Which statement explains why structure A is soluble in water while structure B is insoluble in water ? ‘Structure A ‘Structure B A Exists in ring form Exists in linear form 8B Contains polar group Does not contain polar group C Does not have double bonds Has double bonds D_ Has higher carbon to hydrogen Has lower carbon to hydrogen ratio tatio What would happen to a protein during electrophoresis when the pH of the buffer solution used is below its isoelectric point? The protein does not move The protein moves towards the anode ‘The protein moves towards the cathode The protein moves towards the anode and then to the cathode gow> Chromatins in a nucleus are a type of conjugated protein. Chromatin consists of, long DNA strands coiled around at some protein. ‘What is the name of protein bound to DNA in chramatins? A Histone B Nucleolus C Chromosome D heterochromatin This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 3 964/1 Diagram 4 What the function of X and Y in the diagram above? x Y A Synthesise lipid Generate impulse B Synthesise protein Electrical insulator c Store calcium ions Speeds up the transmission of impulses D Generate energy Conducts impulses away from the cell body 10m of 0.3 M solution Diagram 2 The initiat level of sucrose solutions which are separated by a semi- permeable membrane in a U-tube is shown in the diagram 2. What happens to the sucrose solutions after they are left for 60 minutes ? | Water moves from A to B Il The solution level at B decreases II The molarities of both sucrose solutions are equal IV The high osmotic pressure causes the sucrose to move from A to B * This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 4 964! A land Il BI and IV C Mand il Dill and WV The graph below shows the Lineweaver-Burk plot for an enzyme catalysed reaetion, {S] If X equals to (-2x 10" mot") and Y equal to (0.5 x 10° mot"), What is the value of Vines? A 0.0005 mol B -0,0005 mot" C 0,002 mot D — -0,002 mot* Which are true about an immobilized enzyme system ? | Reversible reaction Il Inhibits the metabolic pathway Ill The products do not need to be purified IV The enzymes can remain active at high temperatures I and Il 1 and lt Mand 1 MW and IV com> The following are the molecules produced in payoff phase in glycolysis | 3-Phosphoglycerate IL Phosphoenolpyruvate Il 4,3-Bisphosphoglycerate IV Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate * This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL* 5 10 4 12 964/1 Which one of the following sequences is correct for the formation of molecules in payoff phase in glycolysis? A TILA, 1 1 BON,ILLL Cc LIL IV I DONT Which is the metabolic intermediate in aerobic metabolism of glucose and fatty acids ? A Citrate B Pyruvate Acetyl CoA D — Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Why animal cells are unable to carry out alcohol fermentation ? A Do not have enzymes to convert pyruvate into acetykdehyde B Are unable to withstand the accumulation of alcohol in the cells C Do not have vacuoles to accommodate the acetyidehyde produced D Are active cells thus, the cells require energy from lactate fermentation ‘The diagram 3 shows an overview of cellular respiration Diagram 3 * This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the exernination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 6 Which of the following modes of ATP synthesis at A,B and C are true? A B c A Oxidative Substrate-level Oxidative phosphorylation phosphorylation _—_ phosphorylation B Oxidative Oxidative Substrate-level phosphorylation phosphorylation _ phosphorylation C — Substrate-level Oxidative Substrate-level phosphorylation phosphorylation phosphorylation D —Substratelevel —‘Substraté-level Oxidative phosphorylation phosphorylation _ phosphorylation 13 Diagram 4 shows non-cyclic photophosphorylation during the light reaction of photosynthesis, og Photosystem 1 HO —>1i2 Op + 2H* Diagram 4 Which of the following P,Q and R represent ? P Q R A Ferredoxin Plastoquinone Plastocyanin B Fetredoxin Plastooyanin Plastoquinone © Plastocyanin Plastoquinone Ferredoxin D _Plastoquinone Plastocyanin Ferredoxin 964/1 * This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 7 14 The carbon pathway in the leaf of a plant is shown in the diagram 5. Diagram 5 What do R,S and T represent ? R s T A Malate Pyruvate Oxaloacetate 5 Malate Oxaloacetate Pyruvate c Pyruvate. Oxaloacetate Malate D Oxaloacetate Malate Pyruvate 96411 * This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examin: is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 8 15 Diagram 6 Which product would be first traced with radioactive carbon if a maize plant leaf is ‘exposed to radioactive carbon dioxide as shown in diagram 6 ? Malate Oxaloacetate Phosphoglycerate Phosphoenolpyruvate vom> 964" This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 9 Section B [15 marks] Answer all questions in this section 18 Diagram below shows the basic units of nucleic acids. By HH N SSN N Oe rk A o” ad | n7 HK ' ev {oth | oO 4 # 4 # ‘a OHH OH OH A B (2) () Name molecule A and 8 (ii) State two differences between molecule A and B 964/1 ° This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 10 (b) Ifthe nucleotides in a DNA molecule consist of 24% guanine, calculate the percentage of adenine in the molecule. [2 marks] (©) Name the technique that is used to separate the DNA fragment [1 mark] 9641 This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* rt 17 The diagram below shows photophosphorylation in light reaction Electron ‘acceptor (a) _ State the location of structure P and Q in chloroplast. [1 mark] (0) Identify each pathway represent by the following lines [2 marks ] 0 } (0) State the products of the pathway named in b (i) [1 mark] 9364/1 © This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL964! CONFIDENTIAL* (d) State two differences between the pathway name in (b) [2 marks] (€) Explain the function of energy R that produced by electron transport chain, [2marks ] * This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over, CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* B 18 419 20 @ @) (b) (b) 96401 * This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONPIDENTIAL* SECTION C [ 30 marks] Answer any two questions in this section Explain the process of an endooytosis and exocytosis. [9 marks] Explain the basic principles of Electrophoresis used in analyzing protein. {6 marks} Explain how the mechanism of enzyme action through the induce fit and lock and key hypothesis differs. [7 marks] Explain the factors affecting the rate of enzyme reaction [8 marks] Calculate the amount of ATP molecules that can be generated in Electron Transport Chain from high energy molecules of Krebs cycle in aerobic respiration. [12 marks] Differentiate the process of carbon dioxide fixation in C3 and C4 plants. [3 marks}STPM 2021 PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SEMESTER 1 SKEMA BIOLOGY 964/1MARKING SCHEME TRIAL YEAR BIOLOGY PAPER 1 STPM 2021 SECTION A No | ANSWER EXPLANTION The uneven charge distribution in water molecules causes the dipolar property of water, due to this hydrogen bonds which can form, they tend to stick together. This phenomenon is called cohesiveness of water molecules. These cohesive forces produce a high surface tension on the suface_of water_and enable insects to walk on water Structure A is Fructose while Structure B is Olelc acid. Fructose is a monosaccharide and contains OH group which makes it a polar molecule The isoelectric point is the pH at which the amino acid does not move in an electric field. This means itis the pH at which an amino acid is neutral. Above the isoelectric point, a protein molecule carries a niet negative charge and moves to the anode. Below the isoelectric point, a protein molecule became postively charged and moves towards the cathode Y is equal fo 17 Ve. Y= 0.5 x 10° mol? Therefore, 1/ Vix= 0.5 x 10° mot! + Vinax = 2.x 10° mol. ‘Sequences in formation of molecules in payoff phase in glycolysis is Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate, 1.3-Bisphosphoglycerate, 3- Phosphoglycerate, Phosphoenoloyruvate a Alcoholic fermentation is an anaerobic respiratory pathway that occurs in jeast cells. 12 ‘A and 8 are substrate-level phosphorylation while C is oxidative phosphorylation The electron flow through photosystem II Is, therefore as follows P6850 ~ Q ~ plastoquinone ~ cytochrome _f ~ plastocyanin ° 9] of o| >Io] © Jo) 0 jolm> 14 In the C. pathway, CO: from the atmosphere enters through the stomata into the mesophyll cells and combines with PEP, this reaction is catalysed by PEP carboxylase and oxaloacetate is formed. Oxaloacetate is converted to malate which is then shunted into the bundle sheath cell. Malate is decarboxylated and pyruvate is formed. 15 Maize is C. plants, The first fixation of CO: occurs in the mesophyll cells. COz is fixed by phosphoenolpyruvate and is catalysed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. The first product formed where the carbon is incorporated into is oxaloacetateSECTION : B (15 Marks ) Hee 76 (@) ]() A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 1 B : Ribonucleic acid 1 (ii) Molecule A has deoxyribose sugar while molecule B has ribose 1 sugar Molecule A has one less oxygen atom than molecule B 1 Molecule A is @ double helix strand in polymer while molecule B 1 is a single strand Any 2 (0) | Adenine + Guanine + Thymine + Cytosine = 100% Ina DNA molecule , guanine will pair with cytosine Guanine = 24% , so cytosine = 24% 1 Adenine will pair with thymine 100% - (24+24)% = 52% Each for guanine or cytosine = 26% 1 (©) | Electrophoresis 1 TOTAL _07 Marks 17 (a) | Thylakoid 7 (b) | () non cyclic photophosporylation 1 (i) cyciic photophosporylation 1 | (c) | NADPH and ATP. i (d) | Non-cyctic uses photosystem | /PSI and PSI! while cyclic uses 1 photosystem | only Non-cydlic involves photolysis of water and cyclic does not involve 1 photolysis of water Non-cyclic produces oxygen and cyclic does not produces oxygen 1 Any 2 =2marks (©) | Energy R is used by proton pumps on the thylakoid to pump H+ ions 1 into thylakoid space High concentration of H ions in the thylakoid space enables the 1 chemiosmosis process occur i = s TOTAL 08 MarksSECTION : (30 Marks ) No ‘Answers. Marks 78. [@) Explain the process of an endocytosis and exocytosis Endocytosis 1 6. 7. ‘The transport of large molecules into the cell occurs by infolding /invagination of the cell membrane to form a vesicle/vacuole, The cellular membrane folds around the substances Imolecules outside the cell ‘The ingested particle becomes trapped within a vacuole. Enzymes from lysosomes are released to digest the molecules absorbed by this process. ‘Two main types of endocytosis: pinocytosis and phagocytosis, In pinocytosis, cell engulf liquid particles In phagocytosis, cells engulf solid particles. Max Exocytosis 7 2. 3. The release of large molecules out of the cell. ‘The release of hormones // removal of undigested waste materials /! Secretion of enzyme from the pancreas Vesicles containing large molecules secretory vesicles formed inside cell then move towards plasma membrane. The membrane of vesicle fuse with the plasma membrane then the substances are released Piant cells use exocytosis to export the materials needed to form cell walls. Max TOTAL 4 Marks 9 Marks (by Explain the basic principles of Electrophoresis used in analyzini protein. ar 2. Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate molecules using an electtic field across a gel medium the rate of movement of the molecules depends on the charge, size and conformation of the molecules the greater the charge, the faster the amino acid or protein molecule moves towards the electrode. the small molecules move faster than the larger ones with the same charge. the negalively charged amino acid or protein molecule will move towards the cathode protein with linear conformation move faster than protein with globuler conformation. 6 Marks TOTAL 16 marksNo ‘Answers Marks 49. [la In the Induce Fit hypothesis: + The shape of the active site is not exactly ft / complementary to the shape of substrate. ‘The active sites of an enzyme is flexible. When the substrate bind to the active site of an enzyme, the active site will change its shape + so that the substrate fit exactly into it to form enzyme-substrate complex. WHERE AS/WHILE/BUT (*** WORDS TO COMPARE) In the lock and key hypothesis ‘+ The shape of substrate fit exactly into the active site of an enzyme. The shape fits (exactly) lke the key fits into a lock. The lock represent the enzyme and the key represent the substrate. + The shape of substrate is specific to the shape of the active site of an enzyme. +The active sites of an enzyme is not flexible / cannot change its shape. + When the substrate binds to the active site, itfts exactly into the active site to form enzyme-substrate complex Any 7= MAX 7 marks 7 Marks e Factors affecting enzyme action: TEMPERATURE Enzyme works best at an optimum temperature Beyond the optimum temperature, the rate of enzyme reaction decrease Athigh temperature/At 60°C and above, the enzyme denatured causing the enzyme to stop working // the reaction stops at 60°C and above because enzyme denatured High temperature breaks hydrogen bonds which alters the tertiary structure of enzyme Ata very low temperature enzyme is not active thus the rate of reaction is slow Any 3= pH Enzyme works best at its optimum pH Different enzyme has different optimum pH /f Suitable example (amylase = pH 7/ pepsin = pH 2, etc) ‘The change in Hydrogen ion concentration disrupts the ionic bonds of an enzyme which cause the enzyme to become denatured (Italso) changes the charges on the active sites of an enzyme and substrate which slow down the formation of enzyme-substrate complex Any 3= SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION Increasing the concentration of substrate will increase the rate of reaction until all the active sites are occupied, the rate becomes constant Any 1 ENZYME CONCENTRATION Increasing the concentration of enzyme will increase the rate of reaction Until all the substrates are used up, the rate becomes constant Any 1= MAX 4 mark 8 Marks TOTAL : 15 MarksAnswers [ Marks, 20 | (a) Calculate the amount of ATP molecules that can be generated in Electron Transport Chain from high energy molecules of Krebs cycle in aerobic respiration. (b) Differentiate the process of carbon dioxide fixation in C3 and C4 plants. + | High energy molecules of Krebs cycle are 3NADH/ reduced | 7 1 mark NAD molecules * + | And 4 FADH,/ reduced FAD molecules* v1 mark «+ | ETC consists of a series of electron carriers, flavoprotein, 1 coenzyme Q/ ubiquinone and cytochrome complexs in the inner membrane of mitochondrion. «+ | Hydrogen atoms are released from NADH enters ETC at 1 flavoprotein «| and hydrogen atoms are released from FADH, enters ETC at 1 ubiquinone, «| Hydrogen atoms split into protons and electrons that move 1 along ETC losing energy at the each electron carrier. «| This energy is used by electron carrier to pump protons from 1 mitochondrial matrix into intermembrane space. « | Concentration of protons is higher in the intermembrane space 1 causes protons move down into mitochondrial matrix via ATP synthase, «+ | This stimulates the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. 1 «| Atthe end of ETC, protons, electrons and oxygen combine to i form water molecule, « | Each NADH produced 3 ATP molecules” ¥ Lmark «| Each FADH2 produced 2 ATP molecules* 1 mark «| So, 3 NADH x 3 ATP = 9 ATP molecules and 4 FADH: x 2 ¥ Tmark ATP = 2 ATP molecules* «| Total ATP molecules that produced from Krebs cycle are 11. VI mark ATP molecules.* < ¥ ‘Compulsory MAX: | 12 Marks col Te Marks CO: fixation during ‘COs fixation during photosynthesis only photosynthesis occurs ‘occurs once in mesophyll | COz fixation | twice, one in mesophyll | 4 cell cells and anotherina | bundle sheath cells _| The carbon dioxide ieee acceptor involved in the | acceptor involved in the COr | ae Ohase of ace dark phase of acceptor e photosynthesis is RUBP photosynthesis are _| RUBP and PEP. The enzymes involved in The enzymes involved the dark phase of Enzyme | in the dark phase of photosynthesis is RUBP | involved in | photosynthesis are 1 carboxylase. COz fixation | RUBP carboxylase and PEP carboxylase The first product formed in | r5¢ product | The fist product formed | the dark phase of, Of CO, | ithe dark phase of = | photosynthesis is fixati on photosynthesis is glyserate-3-phosphate oxaloacetate Any 3 marks TOTAL: 46 Marks