Reading Process
meaning, precisely to its literal meaning,
- a cognitive process of decoding symbols to
derive meaning from a text
- always an interaction between the text and
the reader
- enables us to gain and share information and
ideas, whether for academic, personal, or
professional purposes
Reading Strategies:
 Identifying the author’s purpose
 Grasping the main ideas of the text
 Locating important details
 Using context clues to understand unfamiliar
words
 Answering specific questions
 Analyzing the text’s points
 Critiquing the text
Context Clues
- hints that an author gives to help define a
difficult or unusual word within a book
- may appear within the same sentence as the
word to which it refers or it may follow in the
next sentence.
- improves your vocabulary and reading skills.
Common Types of Context Clues
- Synonym (or repeat context clue): An author
will use more than one word that means the
same thing.  support his/her claims
- Antonym (or contrast context clue): The text
may include a word or words that have the
opposite meaning, which can reveal the
meaning of an unknown term
- Explanation (or a definition context clue):
An unknown word is explained within the
sentence or in the sentence immediately after
- Specific example (or an example context
clue): The text provides one or more
examples used to define the term.
Connotation and Denotation
- Connotation and Denotation are two
principal methods of describing the meanings
of words.
- Connotation refers to the wide array of
positive and negative associations that most
words naturally carry with them.
- Denotation is a translation of a sign to its
more or less like dictionaries try to define it. 
Critical Reading
 type of reading that goes
beyond passively understanding a
text 
 processing the author's words
 making judgments after carefully
considering the reading's message
 distinguishing the information that is
clearly stated (explicit) in the text
from the ideas that are
suggested (implicit)
 looking for the writer's point or position
regarding the chosen topic
Techniques in Developing Critical Reading
 Keeping a reading journal
 Annotating (adding comments) the
text
 Outlining the text
 Summarizing the text
 Questioning the text
Claim Central Argument or Thesis Statement
 the point or position of the writer
reagarding the topic
 can be classified as claims of fact,
policy, or value
Context
 social, cultural, historical, and ither
related circumstances that surround
the text and form the text from which it
can be better understood and
evaluate
Evidence
 the details given by the author to
Explicit- information that is clearly stated in the text 
Implicit- ideas that are suggested 
Claim Central Argument or Thesis Statement
 the point or position of the writer
reagarding the topic
can be classified as claims of fact, policy, or value
Claims of fact assert that a condition has existed,
exists, or will exist and relies on factual information
for support. 
Claims of policy or solutions propose and
promote policies and solutions based on changing
an existing policy that is either inadequate for
dealing with a bad situation or conducive to its  Example: Hezekiah is 173 centimeteres tall. (CF)
perpetuation.
Hezekiah is a tall boy. (CV)
A claim of value argues that something is good or
bad, or that one thing is better than another thing. Consider the following:

Claims of Fact- refer to the statements that can be Pia Wurtzbach is a vegetarian. (CF)
verified, no matter how difficult. They are not
dependent merely on a person's preference, but can We should all be vegetarians. (CP)
be true or false. FACTS are universally accepted and
are not considered claims of fact because there are It would be good for Filipinos to become vegetarians.
no more disagreement about their truthfulness. (CV
Claims of fact talk about what is or what is not. They
say that the certain conditions exist.  HYPERTEXT

Examples:      A hypertext-enabled text contains highlighted

words or sequence of words that, when they are
     Santa Claus is real. clicked or tapped, takes the reader into another text
which is all about the highlighted sequence of words.
     Cars, not factories, are the primary cause of When hypertext is accessed through the Ineternet, it
pollution. is called hypertext transfer protocol og HTTP. Each
page that is accessed has an identifying address
     Cancer is not contagious. called a universal resource locator or URL, more
commonly known as the Web Address. This is found
     The Earth is warming rapidly. in the address bar of a browser.

Claims of Policy- all about what should be. They are 1. A reaction paper is a type of written assignment,
usually made in a relation to solving societal which requires personal opinion/argument and
problems. They talk about conditions that should conclusions on a given article or abstract.The first
happen.  part of your paper should contain information on
the author and the topic. You need to write down the
Examples: main ideas and highlight the main points of
the paper. 
     The death penalty must be revived.   
2.A reaction paper requires you to formulate
     A National ID should be adopted. analysis and reaction to a given body of material
such as readings, lectures, or student presentations.
     Children should be taught to be vegetarians. The purpose of a reaction paper assignment is to
focus your thinking on a topic after a close
Claims of Value- are evaluative statements. They are examination of the source material.
statements about which is better, more important,  
more desirable, more needed, or more useful. They 3. Writing a reaction paper is mainly based on how
also refer to what people prefer or like.  you feel or think about something. After reading
through the paper, you should annotate the text so
Examples:  that you do not miss any essential information.
     It's more fun in the Philippines. PS. SINAMA KO YUNG REACTION PAPER
JUST IN CASE OF AN EMERGENCY
     It is better to be respected than feared.

     We have an effective government.

How to differentiate CF from CV?

     A claim of fact describes . A claim of value

evaluates. 
Previewing- scanning

Skimming- getting keywords

Reading- uses your own understanding

What is most important characteristics of claim

What is reading?

What is claim of facts, values, and policy?

Claim- the point or position of the writer reagarding

the topic
Reading Process -a cognitive process of decoding
symbols to derive meaning from a text