‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺮاﺟﺤﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﱰاﺟﺤﺘﲔ أو أﻛﺜﺮ ﲟﺘﻐﲑﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻮل إﻧﻪ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﳋﻄﻴﺔ‬
‫وﻳﻜﻮن ﺣﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﳊﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﱰاﺟﺤﺎت‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮات ﺣﻞ ﺟﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺮاﺟﺤﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻹﳚﺎد ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﳊﻠﻮل اﳌﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﱰاﺟﺤﺎت ﺧﻄﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﱵ‬
‫ﲢﻘﻖ ﲨﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت ﰲ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻔﻀﺎءات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪ R‬أو ‪ R2‬أو ‪ R3‬وذﻟﻚ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻋﺪد‬
‫اﳌﺘﺤﻮﻻت ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﳊﻠﻮل ﰲ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ‪ R‬أو ‪ R2‬أو ‪ R3‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺗﺒﺎع‬
‫اﳋﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ – ١‬ﳓﺪد أﻧﺼﺎف اﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﲟﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﻮد وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺮﺳﻢ )اﻟﻨﻘﺎط –‬
‫اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎت – اﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت( اﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻣﻦ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﻮد إﱃ ﻣﺴﺎوﻳﺎت‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ‪ R2‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﲔ ﳏﻘﻘﺘﲔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺪ ﰒ ﻧﺼﻞ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﲔ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﳌﻮاﻓﻖ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺪ ﻫﺬا اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻮي إﱃ ﻧﺼﻔﲔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﺼﻒ‬
‫اﳌﺴﺘﻮي اﶈﻘﻖ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺪ ﳔﺘﺎر ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺜﻼً )‪ (0,0‬وﻧﻌﻮض إﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﰲ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳏﻘﻘﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن اﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﳊﻞ أﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﳏﻘﻘﺔ ﻓﺘﻜﻮن اﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﳌﻌﺎﻛﺴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﳊﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – ٢‬ﳓﺪد ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎت اﳊﻞ وﻫﻲ اﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ أﻧﺼﺎف اﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬
‫اﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﲟﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﻮد‪ ،‬ﳚﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫اﳊﻞ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﳌﺜﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫‪- ٧٣ -‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫أوﺟﺪ اﳊﻞ اﳌﺸﱰك ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫‪2x1 + x2  3‬‬
‫‪x1 – 2x2  – 1‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪2x1 + x2 = 3‬‬ ‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﳓﻮﳍﺎ إﱃ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 = 0  x2 = 3‬‬ ‫)‪A(0,3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫= ‪x2 = 0  x1‬‬ ‫(‪B‬‬ ‫)‪, 0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫إن اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪ AB‬ﻳﻘﺴﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻮي إﱃ ﻧﺼﻔﲔ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )‪ (0,0‬وﻧﻌﻮض ﺑﺎﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ ﳒﺪ‬
‫أ ﺎ ﻏﲑ ﳏﻘﻘﺔ أي إن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﳊﻞ ﻫﻲ اﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ )‪) (0,0‬ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻢ(‪.‬‬
‫‪x1 – 2x2 = - 1‬‬ ‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪x1 = 0  x2‬‬ ‫‪C(0,‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪x2 = 0  x1 = - 1‬‬ ‫)‪D(-1 ,0‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﻮض )‪ (0,0‬ﳒﺪ أن اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ ﻏﲑ ﳏﻘﻘﺔ أي إن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﳊﻞ ﻫﻲ اﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ‬
‫إﻟﻴﻬﺎ )‪) (0,0‬ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ(‪.‬‬

‫‪- ٧٤ -‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ – ١‬أوﺟﺪ اﳊﻞ اﳌﺸﱰك ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﳋﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪3x1 + 2x2  240‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪x1 + 2x2  160‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫‪x1  60‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﳓﻮل اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت إﱃ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت‪:‬‬
‫‪3x1 + 2x2 = 240‬‬ ‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻷوﱃ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 = 0  2x2 = 240  x2 = 120‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮض‪:‬‬
‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻷوﱃ )‪.A(0,120‬‬
‫‪x2 = 0  3x1 = 240  x2 = 80‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮض‪:‬‬
‫)‪B(80,0‬‬ ‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪x1 + 2x2 = 160‬‬ ‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺮض‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 = 0  2x2 = 160  x2 = 80‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ)‪C(0,80‬‬ ‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫‪x2 = 0  x1 = 160‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮض‪:‬‬
‫)‪D(160,0‬‬ ‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫‪x1 = 60‬‬ ‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪:‬‬
‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻷوﱃ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﳌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﲔ )‪.B(80,0), A(0,120‬‬
‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﳌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﲔ )‪.D(160,0), C(0,80‬‬

‫‪- ٧٥ -‬‬
‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪ x1 = 60‬أي اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﳌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )‪.E(60,0‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ أﻋﺪاد ﻛﺒﲑة أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﻧﻌﺘﱪ ﻛﻞ ‪ 1cm‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﺴﻄﺮة ﻣﻌﱪة ﻋﻦ )‪.(40‬‬

‫‪ – ٢‬أوﺟﺪ اﳊﻞ اﳌﺸﱰك ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﳋﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪6x1 + 6x2  42‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪- x 1 + x2  4‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫‪x1  2‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﳓﻮل اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت إﱃ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت‪:‬‬
‫‪6x1 + 6x2 = 42‬‬ ‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻷوﱃ‬
‫‪x1 = 0  6x2 = 42  x2 = 7‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮض‪:‬‬
‫)‪A(0,7‬‬ ‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻷوﱃ‬
‫‪x2 = 0  6x1 = 42  x1 = 7‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮض‪:‬‬
‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ )‪.B(7,0‬‬
‫‪x1 + 2x2 = 160‬‬ ‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪- ٧٦ -‬‬
 ‫‪x1 = 0  x2 = 4‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮض‪:‬‬
‫)‪C(0,4‬‬ ‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 = 0  - x2 = 4  x2 = - 4‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮض‪:‬‬
‫)‪D(-4,0‬‬ ‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫‪x1 = 2‬‬ ‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪:‬‬
‫)‪E(2,0‬‬ ‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪:‬‬
‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻷوﱃ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﳌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﲔ )‪.B(7,0), A(0,7‬‬
‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﳌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﲔ )‪.D(-4,0) C(0,4‬‬
‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪ x1 = 2‬أي اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﳌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )‪.E(2,0‬‬

‫‪- ٧٧ -‬‬
 ‫‪ – ٣‬أوﺟﺪ اﳊﻞ اﳌﺸﱰك ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﳋﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 + 3x2  10‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪x1 + x2  6‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﳓﻮل اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت إﱃ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 + 3x2 = 10‬‬ ‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻷوﱃ‪:‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫= ‪x1 = 0 3x2 = 10  x2‬‬ ‫‪= 3.3‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮض‪:‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻷوﱃ )‪. A(0,3.3‬‬
‫‪x2 = 0  x1 = 10‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮض‪:‬‬
‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ )‪.B(10,0‬‬
‫‪x1 + x2 = 6‬‬ ‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 = 0  x2 = 6‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮض‪:‬‬
‫)‪C((0,6‬‬ ‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
‫‪x2 = 0  x1 = 6‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮض‪:‬‬
‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ )‪.D(6,0‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪:‬‬
‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻷوﱃ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﳌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﲔ‬
‫)‪B(10,0‬‬ ‫)‪A(0,3.3‬‬
‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﳌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﲔ‬
‫)‪D(6,0‬‬ ‫)‪C(0,6‬‬

‫‪- ٧٨ -‬‬
 ‫‪ – ٤‬أوﺟﺪ اﳊﻞ اﳌﺸﱰك ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﳋﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪4x1 + 8x2  30‬‬
‫‪4x1 + 3x2  20‬‬
‫‪0x1 + 5x2  25‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﰒ ﳕﺜﻞ اﻟﻘﻴﻮد وذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ رﺳﻢ‬ ‫‪x2‬‬ ‫واﶈﻮر اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي‬ ‫‪x1‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﶈﻮر اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬
‫اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪4x1 + 8x2 = 30‬‬
‫‪4x1 + 3x2 = 20‬‬
‫‪0x1 + 5x2 = 25‬‬
‫وﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﲤﺜﻴﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎت ﳓﺪد ﻧﻘﻄﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰒ ﻧﺼﻞ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﲔ‬
‫وﳓﺪد اﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﱵ ﲢﻘﻖ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﳌﻮاﻓﻘﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺜﻼً )‪ (0,0‬ﰒ ﻧﻌﻮض‬
‫إﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﰲ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳏﻘﻘﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن اﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﳊﻞ أﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻏﲑ ﳏﻘﻘﺔ ﻓﺘﻜﻮن اﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﳌﻌﺎﻛﺴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﳊﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻦ أﺟﻞ رﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﻷول اﻟﺬي ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻪ ‪.4x1 + 8x2 = 30‬‬

‫‪- ٧٩ -‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫‪x1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫‪x2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪ A(0,‬‬ ‫)‪) , B( ,0‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫ﰒ ﳓﺪد ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﳊﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎً‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ رﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ اﻟﺬي ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻪ ‪4x1 + 3x2 = 20‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫‪x1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪x2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪ C (0,‬‬ ‫)‪) , D(5,0‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﰒ ﳓﺪد ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﳊﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎً‪.‬‬
‫وﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ أﻧﻪ ﻳﻮازي اﶈﻮر اﳌﻤﺜﻞ ﺑـ ‪ x1‬ﺣﻴﺚ أن‪. x 2  25  5 :‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫ﰒ ﳓﺪد ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﳊﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎً‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪:‬‬
‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻷوﱃ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﳌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫(‪B‬‬ ‫)‪,0‬‬ ‫‪A  (0,‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪- ٨٠ -‬‬
 ‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫)‪D (5,0‬‬ ‫‪C(0,‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﳌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )‪.E(0,5‬‬

‫‪ – ٥‬أوﺟﺪ اﳊﻞ اﳌﺸﱰك ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﳋﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪4x1 + 3x2  12‬‬
‫‪2x1 + 5x2  10‬‬
‫‪4x1 + 3x2 = 12‬‬ ‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻷوﱃ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 = 0  x2 = 4‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻷوﱃ )‪.A(0,4‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.B(3,0) :‬‬
‫‪2x1 + 5x2 = 10‬‬ ‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 = 0  x2 = 2‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻷوﱃ )‪.C(0,2‬‬
‫‪x2 = 0  x2 = 5‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.D(5,0) :‬‬
‫‪- ٨١ -‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﳌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﲔ ‪ A‬و ‪.B‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﳌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﲔ ‪.D, C‬‬

‫‪ – ٦‬أوﺟﺪ اﳊﻞ اﳌﺸﱰك ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﳋﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪2x1 – 3x2  6‬‬
‫‪– x1 – x2  - 2‬‬
‫‪– x1 + x2  1‬‬
‫‪2x1 – 3x2 = 6‬‬ ‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻷوﱃ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 = 0  x2 = -2‬‬ ‫)‪A(0,-2‬‬
‫‪x2 = 0  x1 = 3‬‬ ‫)‪B(3,0‬‬
‫‪-x1 – x2 = -2‬‬ ‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 = 0  x2 = 2‬‬ ‫)‪C(0,2‬‬
‫‪x2 = 0  x1 = 2‬‬ ‫)‪D(2,0‬‬
‫‪-x1 + x2 = 1‬‬ ‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 = 0  x2 = 1‬‬ ‫)‪E(0,1‬‬
‫‪x2 = 0  x1 = - 1‬‬ ‫)‪F(-1,0‬‬

‫‪- ٨٢ -‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﳌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﲔ ‪.B ،A‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﳌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﲔ ‪.D, C‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﳌﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﲔ ‪.F, E‬‬

‫‪ – ٧‬أوﺟﺪ اﳊﻞ اﳌﺸﱰك ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﳋﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪x1 + x2  1‬‬
‫‪– x1 + x2  – 1‬‬
‫‪x1 – x2  – 1‬‬
‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻷوﱃ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 + x2 = 1‬‬
‫‪x1 = 0  x2 = 1‬‬ ‫)‪A(0,1‬‬
‫‪x2 = 0  x1 = 1‬‬ ‫)‪B(1,0‬‬

‫ﻧﻌﻮض )‪ (0,0‬ﰲ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 0 + 0  1‬ﳏﻘﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪- ٨٣ -‬‬
‫‪– x1 + x2 = - 1‬‬
‫‪x1 = 0  x2 = - 1‬‬ ‫)‪C(0,-1‬‬
‫‪x2 = 0  x1 = 1‬‬ ‫)‪D(1,0‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﻮض )‪ (0,0‬ﰲ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 0 + 0  -1‬ﻏﲑ ﳏﻘﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 – x2 = - 1‬‬
‫‪x1 = 0  x2 = 1‬‬ ‫)‪E(0,1‬‬
‫‪x2 = 0  x1 = -1‬‬ ‫)‪F(-1,0‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﻮض )‪ (0,0‬ﰲ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺔ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 0 – 0  -1‬ﻏﲑ ﳏﻘﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ أﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﱰك ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت‪.‬‬

‫‪- ٨٤ -‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ - ١‬أوﺟﺪ اﳊﻞ اﳌﺸﱰك ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت‪:‬‬
‫‪6x1 + 9x2  54‬‬
‫‪7x1 + 6x2  42‬‬
‫‪x1 – 2x2  2‬‬
‫‪ – ٢‬أوﺟﺪ اﳊﻞ اﳌﺸﱰك ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﳋﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 + x2  1‬‬
‫‪– x1 + x2  – 1‬‬
‫‪x1 + x2  – 1‬‬
‫‪ – ٣‬أوﺟﺪ اﳊﻞ اﳌﺸﱰك ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﳋﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪2x1 + 6x2  24000‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪8x1 ++ 4x2  40000‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫‪5x1 + 6x2  30000‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫‪ – ٤‬أوﺟﺪ اﳊﻞ اﳌﺸﱰك ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﳋﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 + 2x2  8‬‬
‫‪3x1 + x2  6‬‬
‫‪x1 + x2  4‬‬
‫‪ – ٥‬أوﺟﺪ اﳊﻞ اﳌﺸﱰك ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﳋﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 + 3x2  9‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪x2  4‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫‪x1 6‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫‪x1 + x2  2‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬
‫‪ – ٦‬أوﺟﺪ اﳊﻞ اﳌﺸﱰك ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﳋﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 + 2x2  2‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪3x1 + 2x2  12‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫‪x1 + x2  6‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫‪ – ٧‬أوﺟﺪ اﳊﻞ اﳌﺸﱰك ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﱰاﺟﺤﺎت اﳋﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 + 2x2  5‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪2x1 – x2  12‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫‪x1 + 3x2  4‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬

‫‪- ٨٥ -‬‬