Experiment 2: Extraction

MEMBERS (Group 1)
1 -AFIDCHAO, Nadezna Razel M.
2 - ARGAO, Patrisha Joan
3 - AYSON, Bea V.
4 - BAINGAN, Francis R.

Pages 29, 31
1. What is the principle involved in extraction?
Extraction refers to the movement of components from a solid or liquid to
another solvent or phase. The compounds transfer from one liquid to another
based on the relative solubility of each liquid. The separation of a particular
component of a mixture by dissolving the solid mixture’s soluble component with
the use of particular solvent is the principle involved in extraction. This allows two
layers to be formed. It also drains the bottom layer containing the insoluble
component with the use of a separatory funnel.
2. Draw the structures of caffeine, theobromine, theophylline, and the flavonoid and
tannin present in tea.
 3. What is the role of sodium carbonate in the extraction of caffeine from tea
leaves.
The extracted liquid mixture obtained from the tea leaves contains tannins and
caffeine. Dissolving Sodium carbonate to the water in which the tea bags will be
boiled will isolate the caffeine from other compounds. Tannins are classified as
acids, and the sodium carbonate acting as the base will yield a reaction where
it will form sodium salt which is highly soluble in water.

4. Which of the two layers that formed during extraction is the dichloromethane?
Explain your answer
Between the two layers, the upper layer which is colorless is the
dichloromethane. This is used in the isolation of caffeine and water from the
mixture that consists of the water with sodium carbonate and the tea leaves
extract.

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1. Based on the results obtained, compare single extraction with multiple
extractions. Which is more efficient? Justify the answer.
Based on the results obtained, the multiple extraction has higher percent yield
than single extractions making it more effective. Single extractions are used to
extract a liquid all at once where for the multiple extractions the liquid is
extracted multiple times depending on its volume. Also, because the process of
single extraction is only done one time, more solvent will be left than in multiple
extractions. Multiple extractions are more efficient than single extraction
because it ensures that the desired compound can be isolated successfully by
extracting it multiple times.

2. What is the role of anhydrous sodium sulfate?

The role of anhydrous sodium sulfate is, it'll assimilate the little amount of water
that's broken down within the dichloromethane and small amounts of water from
the fluid layer that will have gotten into the flask by accident.