PHY 151 Homework Solutions 07

Name: _____________________

Isolated System – No Internal Friction Force

1. An athlete jumping vertically on a trampoline leaves the surface with a
velocity of 8.5 m/s upward. What maximum height does she reach?
(a) 13 m
(b) 2.3 m
(c) 3.7 m
(d) 0.27 m
(e) Answer can’t be determined because the mass of athlete isn’t given

Conservation of Mechanical Energy

½ mvf2 + mghf = ½ mvi2 + mghi
½ vf2 + ghf = ½ vi2 + ghi
½ (0)2 + ghf = ½ (8.5)2 + g(0) = 36.1
hf = 36.1/9.8 = 3.7 m

2. A block of mass 0.250 kg is placed on top of a light, vertical spring of force

constant 5000 N/m and pushed downward so that the spring is compressed by
0.100m. After the block is released from rest, it travels upward and then leaves
the spring. To what maximum height above the point of release does it rise?

Conservation of Mechanical Energy

½ mvf2 + mghf + 1/2 kxf2 = ½ mvi2 + mghi + ½ kxi2
½ (0)2 + ghf + 0 = ½ (0)2 + g(0) + ½(5000)(0.1)2 = 25
hf = 25/9.8 = 2.6 m above the compresses position of the spring

Situations Involving Kinetic Friction

3. A sled of mass m is given a kick on a frozen pond.. The kick imparts to the sled
an initial speed of 2.00 m/s. The coefficient of kinetic friction between sled and
ice is 0.100. Use energy considerations to find the distance the sled moves before
it stops.

Kf – Ki = -fkd
½ mvf2 – ½ mvi2 = -fkd = -kmgd
½ m(0)2 – ½ mvi2 = -kmgd
– ½ vi2 = -kgd
d = ½ vi2 / kg = ½(2)2 / (0.1 x 9.8) = 2.04 m

Changes in Mechanical Energy for Nonconservative Forces

4. A boy on a tricycle (total mass 47.0 kg) has speed 1.40 m/s at the crest of a slope
2.60 m high and 12.4 m long. At the bottom of the slope his speed is 6.20 m/s.
Assume air resistance and rolling resistance can be modeled as a constant friction
force of 41.0 N. Find the work he did in pedaling the tricycle during the downhill
ride
(Kf + Uf) – (Ki + Ui) = -fkd + Wother forces
(½ mvf2 + mghf) – ( ½ mvi2 + mghi) = -41.0d + Wother forces
[ ½ (47.0)(6.20)2 + 0] - [ ½ (47.0)(1.40)2 + (47.0)(9.8)(2.60) ] = -41(12.4) + Wother forces
903.34 - [46.06 + 1197.56] + 508.4 = Wother forces
Wother forces = 168 J

Power
5. A certain rain cloud at an altitude of 1750 m contains 3.20 x 107 kg of water
vapor. How long would it take a 2700 W pump to raise the same amount of water
from the Earth’s surface to the cloud’s position?

W = Ug = mg(y) = (3.20x107)(9.8)(1750) = 5.49 x 1011 J

P = 2700 J/s

t= W/P = 5.49 x 1011 J / 2700 J/s = 2.03 x 108 s = 5.64 x 104 h = 6.44 yr