Grammar & Usage

Conditionals Chart
Name Form Time Function Example

Use this conditional to show • If he takes vitamins every day,

an outcome that happens he doesn’t get sick.
Zero Conditional If + present, present Present
if a specific repeated • He doesn’t get sick if he
condition is met. takes vitamins every day.

Use this conditional to show • If she studies for the test,

First Conditional Present/ a likely or possible outcome she will get a good grade.
If + present, will + verb
(Real Conditional) Future that will probably happen if • She will get a good grade
a specific condition is met. if she studies for the test.

Unlikely situation
Use this conditional to show • If he won the lottery, he would quit his job.
an unlikely or impossible • He would quit his job if he won the lottery.
Second Conditional Present/
If + past, would + verb outcome that probably
(Unreal Conditional) Future Impossible situation
wouldn’t happen (unless a
specific condition were met). • If I had wings, I would fly to Antarctica.
• I would fly to Antarctica if I had wings.

• If I had remembered to call my

If + had + p.p.,
Third Conditional
would + have + p.p.
Use this conditional to show
friend last night, she wouldn’t
a past regret or different
have sent me an angry text message.
Past outcome that would have
• My friend wouldn’t have sent
happened if a specific
me an angry text message if I had
condition had been met.
remembered to call her last night.

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