Gas Turbine engine One

Semester July 2020

University Kuala Lumpur Malaysian

Institute of Aviation Technology (UniKL
MIAT)
PRACTICAL REPLACEMENT ASSIGNMENT
GAS TURBINE ENGINE

THANEAS A/L SUNDRAMURTHI CHELLIAH

53105118275
Gas Turbine engine One
Semester July 2020

This is a group assignment

PRACTICAL REPLACEMENT ASSIGNMENT

This assignment carries 50% of your total mark for this semester
Reference : ALL reference listed in VLE (MIAT training notes, slide, Jeppesen)
State the reference for ALL answers i.e. (training notes-topic-page; slide-topic-page)

1 Total mark (15)

1.1 when doing inspection on turbine engine inlet, what are the common defect found at the inlet
(include all type of gas turbine engine)
 common defects found during an inspection include cracks, burner-can shift, hot spots
or scorched areas, warpage, and erosion.
Jeppesen (4 – 25)
 Therefore, warping, buckling, and cracking are common defects found during
inspections.
Jeppesen (4 – 26)
 Common defects found in wood propellers include separation between laminations and
dents or bruises on the surface. Cracks or scars across the blade back or face, broken
sections, warping, and worn or oversize center bore and bolt holes are also possible. If
you find a dent, bruise, or scar on a blade surface, inspect the damage with a magnifying
glass while flexing the blade to expose any cracks
Jeppesen (12 – 58)

1.2 what are the tools needed to carry out general visual inspection at the inlet
 a flashlight, mirror, video borescopes, special aids and tooling, Dremel, rolling stool,
image enhancement and recording devices, supplemental lighting, magnifying glass,
dye penetrant, notebook, and standard and specialized hand tools.
(chapter 2 page 51)

1.3 w.r.t question 1.1, what kind of damage common to inlet but not other part of GTE
 Foreign object damage
 Some gas turbine engine inlet have a tendency to produce vortex between ground and
inlet during operation.
 Strong vortex will lift water and other debris from the ground and direct it into the
engine
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Semester July 2020

2 Total mark (25)

2.1 using a table, list out different inspection carried out on centrifugal compressor vs an axial
compressor.
Centrifugal compressor Axial compressor
1 Air flow radially in the compressor in Air flow parallel to axis shaft
the compressor
2 Low maintenance and running cost High maintenance and running cost
3 Low starting torque is required Requires high starting torque
4 Not suitable for multi staging Suitable for multi staging
5 Suitable for low pressure ratio up to 4 Suitable for only multi staging ratio of 10
(MODULE 4 GAS TURINE ENGINE)
2.2 What is the component that works together with variable stator vane, in order to regulate air in
the compressor.
 Stator vanes also serve to correct the deflection given to the air by the rotor blades and to
present the air at the correct angle to the next stage of rotor blades.
 The last row of stator vanes usually act as air straighteners to remove swirl from the air prior to
entry into the combustion system at a reasonably uniform axial velocity.
(TRAINING NOTES 15.4)

2.3 What special tools used when inspecting compressor section.

2.4 What are the compressor sub components? (centrifugal and axial)
1. centrifugal
 Impeller
 Diffuser
 Manifold
2. Axial
 Rotor
 Stator
 Velocity

(Module 15.4 page 5 and 26)

2.5 What auxiliary systems that are situated at the compressor

 Plenum chamber

Jeppesen(3-13)
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Semester July 2020

3 Total mark (20)

3.1 What kind of damage commonly found on combustion chamber
 light damage to the leading or trailing edge of a compressor blade is visible from either
side of a blade, confined to the outer half, well rounded, and within acceptable limits,

Jeppesen(4-30)

3.2 List out type of combustion chambers

1. Can Type (Tubular)
2. Cannular Type (Tubo-annular)
3. Annular Type
4. Silo Type

(Gas Turbine Theory’, Cohen, Rogers)

3.3 Some damages occur from knows causes. List out damages with their respective causes
 Damage on the inner half of a blade is critical and you must repair even minor damage
or the blade replaced, depending on the severity of the damage and the manufacturer's
requirements. Cracks of any size on a compressor blade are unacceptable and require
blade replacement.

3.4 How do you get access to combustion chambers when using special visual inspection metho
 between compressor diffuser and turbine section

(module 15.5 page 3)

4 Total mark (10)

4.1 Most defect has limitation, but some defects are not allowed at all. Explain defect that are not
allowed on turbine section
 Cracking are not permitted on turbine blade.
 Stress rupture cracks to be carried out on leading and trailing edge include excessive
temperature or centrifugal loading.
(Module 15.6 page 47)

4.2 Both compressor and turbine are rotating component. What kind of damages that are only
found on turbine but not compressor
 Normally small crack are frequently found
 Certain turbine nozzle vane are cracking by the high-speed gases causing bowing and
warping

(Module 15.6 page 47)

Gas Turbine engine One
Semester July 2020

5 Total mark (5)

5.1 List out damages, its cause of damages and method to inspect for each , for damages normally
found on exhaust and heat shield
Damages Cause Method to inspect
Warping High stress and corrosive Heat deflectors and muffler
shrouds should be removed
inspecting exhaust
component
Buckling High stress and corrosive Inspected internally by using
light a bright light or an
inspection camera with a
small diameter, long, flexible,
shaft.
crack High stress and corrosive Visual inspection the exhaust
cylinder port

(Training notes Module 15.21)

6 Total mark (25)

6.1 List out steps to carry out engine ground run as per below (15 of 25marks)
a) From approaching aircraft – engine starting
 Each particular aircraft will have a specific engine ground run checklist provided by
the manufacturer. The general procedures for operating a turbine engine ( Turbofan
and turbojet ) include, but are not limited

b) Starting procedure

Prior to engine operation

 remove inlet and exhaust covers, clear inlet and exhaust areas of personnel and
equipment, and clear the ramp for debris
 perform a walk-around inspection of the aircraft to ensure complete security of
necessary aircraft and engine systems
 check the condition of the compressor and turbine visually, verifying freedom of
motion
ensure servicing of fuel and oil is adequate for the run-up
 check for fluid leaks that could be fire hazard.
 connect Ground Power Unit to aircraft if required

When first entering the cockpit (aircraft) ensure that:

1. Engine Master Switch – OFF

2. Landing Gear Handle position – WHEELS DOWN

3. Seat and Brake Pedals – ADJUSTED

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Semester July 2020

4. Generator switches – OFF

5. Power Lever – OFF, or Fuel Shutoff Lever – OFF

6. Starter and Ignition – OFF

7. Aircraft systems – SAFE FOR ENGINE OPERATION

To Start engine:
1. Master Switch – ON
2. Select Battery or External Power – ON
3. Fuel Valves – ON ( Aircraft system )
4. Fuel Boost – ON ( Aircraft system )Starter – ON
5. ignition – ON (usually between 5 and 10% rpm)
6. Power Lever – OPEN ( to approx. idle position ) or Fuel Shutoff Lever – OPEN ( allow 10 to 20
seconds to light off. If no light off takes place, abort start )
7. Ignition and Starter – OFF automatically ( below idle rpm )
8. Generator – Normally on at this time

c) Safety procedure
 The operator must be thoroughly familiar with the flight line safety precautions
which includes the use of ear defenders, awareness of inlet and exhaust area
hazards for protection of both personnel and equipment
 The operator has the knowledge of adverse weather restrictions which, if
neglected, could result in poor engine performance or possible engine
damage.
 The operator has complete familiarity with the manufacturer’s checklist, and
maintenance manuals is a must for safe and accurate performance testing.
 Operation must be conducted in an area specifically designated for the purpose
to reduce or injury to personnel, hangar and other equipment – in front of
blast shield
(Training notes Module 15.21 )
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Semester July 2020

6.2 when doing walk around check, prior engine run, what do you check on these items (10 of 25
marks)
a) engine pod
 Prepare for an engine run by removing the engine inlet and exhaust covers; then
check for proper oil levels, adequate fuel, and fluid leaks that could pose a fire
hazard. To prevent foreign object damage , remove loose objects from the ramp
around the engine and remove any tools or other loose objects, from the turbine
inlet before starting. Be sure that all ground support equipment, such as auxiliary
power carts, hydraulic service units, and fire extinguishers, is positioned a safe
distance from the aircraft. Observe all warnings to keep people safely outside the
turbine intake and exhaust danger arcs when the engine is running.
 Inspect the condition of the compressor and turbine, and verify freedom of motion.
Additionally, check the operation of communications equipment between the
cockpit and ground safety personnel.

b) EGR area
 Ground personnel must be cautious when near operating turbojet and turbofan
engines . Intake safety arcs are established to prevent injury to personnel and
engine damage due t o ingestion. Likewise, exhaust saf ety arcs are designed to
prevent damage t o surrounding equipment and personnel from jet blast

c) Safety equipment
 Operate turbine engines in an area specifically designated for that purpose to
reduce hazards to personnel, hangars, and other equipment. If possible, always run
a gas turbine engine in front of a blast shield, so the jet blast is deflected upward .
Whenever the aircraft does not need to move during the ground run, chock the
wheels and set the brakes.

d) Aircraft condition/configuration
 Upon engine start, the crankshaft will spin faster than the starter gear shaft, causing
the clutch spring to release the knurled drum on the starter shaft. This allows the
engine to accelerate to idle speed without causing damage to the starter or the
worm wheel mechanism before the starter is disengaged. The generator drive pulley
is mounted on the end of the starter gear shaft and, with the clutch spring
disengaged, serves as the generator drive shaft.
e) Apron general area.
 All items that are generated as part of aircraft handling (especially baggage items
such as locks and zippers and cargo loads that may have fallen off their containers)
are cleared from the apron area.
Gas Turbine engine One
Semester July 2020