Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Volume 39
Issue 2 Testimonies of Environmental Injustice in the Article 2
Global South
1-1-2015
Recommended Citation
Finzer, Erin S. (2015) "Putting Environmental Injustice on the Map: Ecotestimonies from the Global South," Studies in 20th & 21st
Century Literature: Vol. 39: Iss. 2, Article 2. https://doi.org/10.4148/2334-4415.1837
This Introductory Material is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Studies in 20th & 21st
Century Literature by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please contact cads@k-state.edu.
Putting Environmental Injustice on the Map: Ecotestimonies from the
Global South
Abstract
This introductory essay to STTCL 39.2 discusses the importance of testimony as a flexible literary genre that
can tell the stories of environmental injustice in the Global South, which is disproportionately affected by
environmental violence and less represented in the growing global environmental movement.
Keywords
ecotestimony, environmental injustice, Global South, testimonio, resistance literature, climate change
This introductory material is available in Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol39/iss2/2
Finzer: Ecotestimonies from the Global South
Erin S. Finzer
University of Arkansas, Little Rock
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DOI: 10.4148/2334-4415.1837
Finzer: Ecotestimonies from the Global South
culture and wisdom. Frengs explains that, as detective fiction, both of these
novels ultimately “question truth and attempt to expose exploitative practices that
have damaged the environment” (4). Interpersonal crime is woven with
environmental crime, and the reader joins the fictional detective in discovering the
evidence that reveals the guilty party, whether an individual or a system.
Resha Cardone and I both engage Walter Benjamin’s “Theses on the
Philosophy of History” to link environmental devastation and the violence
wrought by late capitalism. Drawing on the pile of debris that represents for
Benjamin the ongoing catastrophe of history, Cardone’s essay, “Nona
Fernández’s Mapocho: Spirits in a Material Wasteland,” explores the spiritual and
material realities of waste in the contaminated Mapocho River, which cuts
through the city of Santiago, Chile. Contaminated with urban, agricultural, and
industrial waste, the river was also used for dumping the remains of disappeared
activists after the Pinochet coup in 1973. Cardone shows how Fernández’s novel
is composed of palimpsests of waste: present-day pollution piled upon unwanted
cadavers. Flowing through the city, the river and its contaminated load haunt the
landscape and the novel’s main characters. Together, the blighted city, the living,
and the dead present a gothic, postmodern wasteland that meshes questions of
national history, family, and exile with urban decay and environmental ruin.
In “Bleeding Mud: The Testimonial Poetry of Hurricane Mitch in
Nicaragua,” I frame this 1998 superstorm and harbinger of global warming as
Benjamin’s storm of progress. I analyze how testimonial poetry—a genre once
used in Sandinista workshops to work through trauma from the civil war—gave
Nicaraguans a way to give voice to the human suffering caused by Hurricane
Mitch. Characterized almost universally by images of mud and messages of
disbelief (in God and in the sheer level of devastation), this poetry bears direct
witness to a climate catastrophe, which I refer to as a “punctuated moment” in the
slow violence of climate change.
Joel Postema also works with Nicaragua, or the fictional country of
“Faguas,” in his essay, “Testimonial Ecology in Gioconda Belli’s El país de las
mujeres.” Postema argues that, as a sequel to Belli’s 1988 testimonial novel La
mujer habitada (The Inhabited Woman), El país de las mujeres (‘The Country of
Women,’ 2010) destabilizes the genre of testimonial fiction by fancifully
presenting Faguas as an ecofeminist utopia. Earth plays a defining role in this
narrative by way of causing a volcanic eruption whose gases cause testosterone
levels to disappear, thereby allowing women to take over the country with eco-
friendly policies and infrastructure.
Finally, in “How to Listen to the Pachamama’s Testimonio: Lessons from
Indigenous Voices,” Luis Prádanos García and Leonardo Figueroa Helland
present another visionary, Earth-centric text that defines the Andean movement,
El Vivir Bien (‘Living Well’). As a collective, open-access text, El Vivir Bien
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Finzer: Ecotestimonies from the Global South
point of trees is board feet, the point of farms is money, the point of
people is to be consumers, and the point of other species is largely
forgotten. In failing to tell a different story, we fail to express what we
really love…. We lose an important part of ourselves. (13)
Notes
2. For more on the impacts of environmental violence across the Global South in
the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, see Parenti and Klein’s Shock Doctrine.
4. Klein has recently made headlines by reiterating this scientific and sociological
consensus with her recent book This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. The
Climate. See also her 2011 article in The Nation, “Capitalism v. the Climate.”
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cites Barbara Harlow’s term “resistance literature” as a way to open the genre to
world literature (31).
Works Cited
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DOI: 10.4148/2334-4415.1837