FACING OPERATION

EXPERIMENT N0 1

SUBMITTED BY:
ANNS ABRAR

SUBMITTED TO:
MAM BUSHRA

SUBJECT:
MACHINING TECHNOLOGY
FACING OPERATION
 EXPERIMENT NO 1

Objective
To face work between centers.

Apparatus
 Lathe Machine
 Tool Bit
 Lathe Centers
 Chuck Key

Theory
Facing Operation
Facing on the lathe uses a facing tool to cut a flat surface perpendicular to
the work piece's rotational axis. A facing tool is mounted into a tool holder that
rests on the carriage of the lathe. The tool will then feed perpendicularly across
the part's rotational axis as it spins in the jaws of the chuck. A user will have the
option to hand feed the machine while facing, or use the power feed option. For
a smoother surface, using the power feed option is optimal due to a constant feed
rate. Facing will take the work piece down to its finished length very accurately.
Depending on how much material needs to be taken off, a machinist can choose
to take roughing or finishing cuts. Shown in figure 1.1.

Figure no 1.1
Procedure
1. Handle work piece in lathe chuck properly centered.
2. Clamp the tool in the tool post and feed the carriage to check the alignment.
3. Set the lathe machine to its allowable speed and turn it on.
4. Feed the cut for the facing operation by feeding carriage.
5. Slowly feed the cross feed hand wheel to move the tool towards work piece and
perform the facing operation.
6. Do these again and again until we get a desire size. Shown in figure 1.2.
7. Unload the workpiece.

Figure no 1.2
TURNING OPERATION
 EXPERIMENT NO 2

Objective
To perform turning on lath e machine.

Apparatus
 Lathe Machine
 Tool Bit
 Lathe Centers
 Chuck Key

Theory
Turning Operation
Turning is a form of machining, a material removal process, which is used to create
rotational parts by cutting away unwanted material. The turning process requires a turning
machine or lathe, workpiece, fixture, and cutting tool. The workpiece is a piece of pre-
shaped material that is secured to the fixture, which itself is attached to the turning
machine, and allowed to rotate at high speeds. The cutter is typically a single-point cutting
tool that is also secured in the machine, although some operations make use of multi-point
tools. The cutting tool feeds into the rotating workpiece and cuts away material in the form
of small chips to create the desired shape. Shown in figure 2.1.

Figure no 2.1
Procedure
1. Clamp the workpiece tightly in the three jaw chuck to get the workpiece properly
centered.
2. Clamp the tool in the toolpost and feed the carriage to check the alignment.
3. Set the lathe machine to its lowest speed and turn it on.
4. Set the cut for the turning operation by feeding cross slide
5. Slowly feed the carriage handwheel to move the tool towards workpiece and perform
the turning operation as shown in figure 2.2.
6. Perform these again and again until we get desire size or shape.

Figure no 2.2
TAPER TURNING OPERATION
 EXPERIMENT NO 3

Objective
To perform taper turning on lathe machine.

Apparatus
 Lathe Machine
 Tool Bit
 Lathe Centers
 Chuck Key
 L Key

Theory
Taper Turning Operation
When the diameter of a piece changes uniformly from one end to the other, the piece is
said to be tapered. Taper turning as a machining operation is the gradual reduction in diameter
from one part of a cylindrical workpiece to another part. Tapers can be either external or
internal.as shown in figure 3.1.

Figure no 3.1
Procedure
1. Loosen the jaws in the chuck key to position the workpiece, and then tighten the jaws.
2. Fix the cutting tool in the tool holder.
3. Turn on the lathe and move the carriage close to the workpiece. Give it a little cross
feed, and then slowly move the carriage longitudinally to the desired length.
4. Move the carriage holder to its original position, make a small amount of horizontal
feed. Repeat this step until the desired diameter is obtained.
5. When the diameter is close to the required value, to obtain a smooth surface, a small
amount of feed should be provided as shown in figure 3.2.
6. To face the end face of the workpiece, move the tool holder so that the tool contacts the
end face of the workpiece.
7. Then the taper turning operation is performed on the workpiece according to the
calculated taper angle. Rotating the composite base and set the calculated cone angle.
To do this, the tool moves 45 ° relative to the lathe axis.
8. Remove the workpiece from the chuck and check its size to confirm whether it meets
the requirements.

Figure no 3.2
 EXPERIMENT N0 3

SUBMITTED BY:
ANNS ABRAR

SUBMITTED TO:
MAM BUSHRA

SUBJECT:
MACHINING TECHNOLOGY
 EXPERIMENT N0 2

SUBMITTED BY:
ANNS ABRAR

SUBMITTED TO:
MAM BUSHRA

SUBJECT:
MACHINING TECHNOLOGY