Experiment No: 7

Bench Drilling Machine

Objective:
To Drill a hole of specific diameter on Bench Drilling Machine by using Drill Bit.

Apparatus:
 Drill machine
 Drill vise
 Drill chuck
 Centre punch
 Hammer
 Drill center

Diagram:
Theory:
Bench Drilling Machine:
Bench drilling machine is perfect for producing small holes at high speeds,
usually consists of a base, worktable, spindle, drill head, driving mechanism and
column. The work is started from the drill fed into the piece by hand.
The bench drill is a smaller version of the pillar drill. This type of machine drill is used
for drilling light weight pieces of material. The Perspex is held safely in a hand vice which is
held in the hand. Never hold work directly in the hand when drilling. The on and off buttons
are found on the left hand side of the machine and the handle controlling the movement of the
drill on the right. Most bench drills will also have a foot switch for turning off the drill.

The height of the table is set by adjusting the height adjuster lever. When drilling the
table should be moved quite close the the drill bit so that the distance from the drill bit to the
material is small.

Working Principle:

When the power is given to the motor, the spindle rotates, and thereby the stepped
pulley attached to it also rotates. On the other end, one more stepped pulley is attached and that
is inverted to increase or decrease the speed of the rotational motion. Now, a V-belt is placed
in between the stepped pulleys so as to drive the power transmission. Here a V-belt is used
instead of a flat belt, in order to increase the power efficiency.

Now the drill bit also rotates which was placed in the chuck and which was in connection with
the spindle. As the Pulleys rotates, the spindle also rotates which can rotate the drill bit.

Procedure:

1. First of all, select the tool which is required to perform this operation on drilling
machine.
2. Using the drill centre spot the hole location and marked up.
3. Set the drill press for the proper speed for the size of drill and the type of drill to be
drilled.
4. Mount the drilling tool on drill chuck tightly and securely.
5. Clamp the workpiece parallel to the tool on the worktable properly in a vise.
6. Start the drill press spindle and drill a hole on the marked location.
7. Hold the vise against the table and stop by using the hand.
8. Drill until the workpiece is drilled as required diameter.
9. Raise the drill occasionally apply the coolant on the place where the drilling operation
can be done.
10. Ease up the pressure on the drilling press cause the workpiece to break thoroughly.
Conclusion:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
 Experiment No: 8
Counter sinking Operation

Objective:
To perform counter sinking operation on Bench Drilling Machine.

Apparatus:
 Drill machine
 Drill vise
 Drill chuck
 Centre punch
 A countersink
 Drill center

Diagram:
Theory:
Bench Drilling Machine:
Bench drilling machine is perfect for producing small holes at high speeds,
usually consists of a base, worktable, spindle, drill head, driving mechanism and
column. The work is started from the drill fed into the piece by hand.
The bench drill is a smaller version of the pillar drill. This type of machine drill is used for
drilling light weight pieces of material. The Perspex is held safely in a hand vice which is held
in the hand. Never hold work directly in the hand when drilling. The on and off buttons are
found on the left hand side of the machine and the handle controlling the movement of the drill
on the right. Most bench drills will also have a foot switch for turning off the drill.
The height of the table is set by adjusting the height adjuster lever. When drilling the table
should be moved quite close the drill bit so that the distance from the drill bit to the material is
small.

Counter Sinking:
It is the operation of producing an angular surface at the end of a hole. A countersink
is used. The countersink is made in many diameters size and several angles. The angle size
depends upon the reason for countersinking.

Working Principle:

 When the power is given to the motor, the spindle rotates, and thereby the stepped
pulley attached to it also rotates. On the other end, one more stepped pulley is attached
and that is inverted to increase or decrease the speed of the rotational motion.
 Now, a V-belt is placed in between the stepped pulleys so as to drive the power
transmission. Here a V-belt is used instead of a flat belt, in order to increase the power
efficiency.
 Now the drill bit also rotates which was placed in the chuck and which was in
connection with the spindle. As the Pulleys rotates, the spindle also rotates which can
rotate the drill bit.
Procedure:

1. First of all, select the required angle tool to perform this operation on drilling machine.
2. Using the drill centre spot the hole location and marked up.
3. Set the drill press for the proper speed for the size of drill and the type of drill to be
drilled.
4. Mount the drilling tool on drill chuck tightly and securely.
5. Clamp the workpiece parallel to the tool on the worktable properly in a vise.
6. Start the drill press spindle and drill a counter sink on the hole to the required depth and
check it by using screw gauge.
7. Hold the vise against the table and stop by using the hand.
8. If one or more counter sink are to be needed than set the depth stop so that all the holes
are counter sink on the same depth.
9. Counter sink all the holes to the depth set on the gauge.

Conclusion:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
 Experiment No: 9
Radial Arm Drilling Machine

Objective:
To Drill a hole of specific diameter on Radial Arm Drilling Machine by using Drill
Bit.

Apparatus:
 Drill machine
 Drill vise
 Drill chuck
 Centre punch
 Hammer
 Drill center

Diagram:
Theory:
Radial Arm Drilling Machine:
Radial drilling machines are used to drill mediums to large and heavy workpieces.
These machines are used to drill holes in a given radial distance. It is mainly used when the
component’s size is larges in height.

Radial drilling machines are primarily designed for drilling holes in heavy jobs or
workpieces. Since heavy work cannot move much, the radial drilling machine is made in such
a way that the machine tool can move any part of heavy work without doing much work.
Working of Radial Drilling Machine:

 Initially, when a power supply is given, the spindle rotates, which is driven by the
motor. Since the radial arm can move up and down in the column, the radial arm is
adjusted according to the operation and height of the workpiece.
 The spindle is attached to the chuck, and the drill bit is placed in the jaw of the chuck.
 The head of the drilling machine is also adjusted so that the tool is in the correct position
to make a hole in the workpiece.
 After that, a suitable feed is given, and then the drill bit easily moves into the workpiece
the drive mechanism used in the drilling machine is the rack and pinion mechanism.
 In rack and pinion mechanisms, gears are used to convert rotation to linear motion.
 When the hand wheel is rotated, the pinion that is attached to the rack also rotates,
which converts the rotation to linear motion and therefore moves towards the drill bit
workpiece.
Procedure:

1. First of all, select the tool which is required to perform this operation on drilling
machine.
2. Using the drill centre spot the hole location and marked up.
3. Set the drill press for the proper speed for the size of drill and the type of drill to be
drilled.
4. Mount the drilling tool on drill chuck tightly and securely.
5. Clamp the workpiece parallel to the tool on the worktable properly in a vise.
6. Start the drill press spindle and drill a hole on the marked location.
7. Hold the vise against the table and stop by using the hand.
8. Drill until the workpiece is drilled as required diameter.
9. Raise the drill occasionally apply the coolant on the place where the drilling operation
can be done.
10. Ease up the pressure on the drilling press cause the workpiece to break thoroughly.
Conclusion:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
 Experiment No: 10
Counter Sinking operation

Objective:
To perform Counter Sinking operation on Radial Arm Drilling Machine.

Apparatus:
 Drill machine
 Drill vise
 Drill chuck
 Centre punch
 Hammer
 Drill center

Diagram:
Theory:
Radial Arm Drilling Machine:

Radial drilling machines are used to drill mediums to large and heavy workpieces.
These machines are used to drill holes in a given radial distance. It is mainly used when the
component’s size is larges in height.

Radial drilling machines are primarily designed for drilling holes in heavy jobs or
workpieces. Since heavy work cannot move much, the radial drilling machine is made in such
a way that the machine tool can move any part of heavy work without doing much work.
Counter Sinking:
It is the operation of producing an angular surface at the end of a hole. A countersink
is used. The countersink is made in many diameters size and several angles. The angle size
depends upon the reason for countersinking.

Working of Radial Drilling Machine:

 Initially, when a power supply is given, the spindle rotates, which is driven by the
motor. Since the radial arm can move up and down in the column, the radial arm is
adjusted according to the operation and height of the workpiece.
 The spindle is attached to the chuck, and the drill bit is placed in the jaw of the chuck.
 The head of the drilling machine is also adjusted so that the tool is in the correct
position to make a hole in the workpiece.
 After that, a suitable feed is given, and then the drill bit easily moves into the
workpiece the drive mechanism used in the drilling machine is the rack and pinion
mechanism.
 In rack and pinion mechanisms, gears are used to convert rotation to linear motion.
 When the hand wheel is rotated, the pinion that is attached to the rack also rotates,
which converts the rotation to linear motion and therefore moves towards the drill bit
workpiece.
Procedure:

1. First of all, select the required angle tool to perform this operation on drilling machine.
2. Using the drill Centre spot the hole location and marked up.
3. Set the drill press for the proper speed for the size of drill and the type of drill to be
drilled.
4. Mount the drilling tool on drill chuck tightly and securely.
5. Clamp the workpiece parallel to the tool on the worktable properly in a vise.
6. Start the drill press spindle and drill a counter sink on the hole to the required depth and
check it by using screw gauge.
7. Hold the vise against the table and stop by using the hand.
8. If one or more counter sink are to be needed than set the depth stop so that all the holes
are counter sink on the same depth.
9. Counter sink all the holes to the depth set on the gauge.

Conclusion:

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
 Experiment No: 11
Counter Boring operation

Objective:
To perform Counter Boring operation on Radial Arm Drilling Machine.

Apparatus:
 Drill machine
 Drill vise
 Drill chuck
 Centre punch
 Hammer
 Drill center

Diagram:
Theory:
Radial Arm Drilling Machine:

Radial drilling machines are used to drill mediums to large and heavy workpieces.
These machines are used to drill holes in a given radial distance. It is mainly used when the
component’s size is larges in height.

Radial drilling machines are primarily designed for drilling holes in heavy jobs or
workpieces. Since heavy work cannot move much, the radial drilling machine is made in such
a way that the machine tool can move any part of heavy work without doing much work.
Counter Boring:
It is the operation of boring a second hole, a larger diameter than the first but concentric
with it. When this operation is done on a drilling machine a tool known as counter bore is used.
The small diameter on the end of the tool known as the pilot keeps the counter bore concentric
with the original hole.

Working of Radial Drilling Machine:

 Initially, when a power supply is given, the spindle rotates, which is driven by the
motor. Since the radial arm can move up and down in the column, the radial arm is
adjusted according to the operation and height of the workpiece.
 The spindle is attached to the chuck, and the drill bit is placed in the jaw of the chuck.
 The head of the drilling machine is also adjusted so that the tool is in the correct position
to make a hole in the workpiece.
 After that, a suitable feed is given, and then the drill bit easily moves into the workpiece
the drive mechanism used in the drilling machine is the rack and pinion mechanism.
 In rack and pinion mechanisms, gears are used to convert rotation to linear motion.
 When the hand wheel is rotated, the pinion that is attached to the rack also rotates,
which converts the rotation to linear motion and therefore moves towards the drill bit
workpiece.
Procedure:

1. First of all, select the required diameter tool to perform this operation on drilling
machine.
2. Using the drill centre spot the hole location and marked up.
3. Set the drill press for the proper speed for the size of drill and the type of drill to be
drilled.
4. Mount the drilling tool on drill chuck tightly and securely.
5. Clamp the workpiece parallel to the tool on the worktable properly in a vise.
6. Start the drill press spindle and drill a counter bore on the hole to the required depth
and check it by using screw gauge.
7. Hold the vise against the table and stop by using the hand.
8. If one or more counter bore are to be needed than set the depth stop so that all the holes
are counter sink on the same depth.
9. Counter bore all the holes to the depth set on the gauge.

Conclusion:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
 Experiment No: 13
Milling Machine

Objective:
To Cut a Slots and key-seats By Using the Milling Machine.
Apparatus:
 Milling Machine
 Milling Cutter
 Indexing Head
 Vernier Caliper

Diagram:
Theory:
Universal Milling Machine:
A milling machine having a table fitted with all motions and a dividing head with
change gears so that it can perform any type of milling operation is known as Universal Milling.
It is the same as the horizontal mill machine, except there is an arrangement of swings
up the table to 45 degrees in either direction.
Universal milling refers to a standalone machine tool that is able to perform types of
machining processes, such as turning, drilling, and milling. Most of the universal milling
machines were used to be manually controlled since the multitasking nature makes those
machining impossible to be set on NC controllers. With the CNC technology, many universal
milling machines are now controlled by computer programs with coordinative axis movements,
achieving all kinds of cutting tasks.

Working Principle:
The workpiece is holding on the worktable of the machine. The table movement
controls the feed of workpiece against the rotating cutter. The cutter is mounted on a spindle
or arbor and revolves at high speed. Except for rotation the cutter has no other motion. As the
workpiece advances, the cutter teeth remove the metal from the surface of workpiece and the
desired shape is produced.
The cutter revolves at high speed and the work is fed slowly past the cutter. The work
can be fed vertical, longitudinal, or cross direction. As the work advances, the cutter teeth
remove the metal from the work surface to produce the desired shape.

Procedure:
1. First of all, select the tool which is required to perform this operation on drilling
machine.
2. Mount the tool on the chuck properly.
3. Place the workpiece on the vise tightly and securely.
4. Square slots can be cut using end mills.
5. Turn ON the machine, the spindle starts rotating.
6. Place the tool near to the workpiece and gave the feed to the required length and
diameter.
7. In one pass, slots can be created to within two one-thousandths of an inch.
8. Use an end mill that is smaller than the desired slot for more accuracy.
9. Measure the slot and make a second pass to open the slot to the desired dimension.
10. The depth of cut should not exceed the cutter diameter.
Conclusion:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
 Experiment No: 13
Pocket Milling Operation

Objective:
To perform Pocket Milling operation on the Drilling Machine.

Apparatus:
 Drill machine
 Drill vise
 Drill chuck
 Centre punch
 A countersink
 Drill center

Diagram:
Theory:
Drilling:
Drilling is a material-removing or cutting process in which the tool uses a drill bit to
cut a hole of circular cross-section in solid materials.
A drilling machine is used to form a hole of different sizes on a job, drilling is a metal
removing process, by a drilling machine you can do drilling operation, reaming operation and
boring operation.

Pocket milling:
Pocket milling has been regarded as one of the most widely used operations
in machining. It is extensively used in aerospace and shipyard industries. In pocket milling the
material inside an arbitrarily closed boundary on a flat surface of a work piece is removed to a
fixed depth. Generally flat bottom end mills are used for pocket milling. Firstly roughing
operation is done to remove the bulk of material and then the pocket is finished by a finish end
mill.

Working Principle:

 Milling is a metal removal process by means of using a rotating cutter having one or
more cutting teeth as illustrated in figure Cutting action is carried out by feeding the
workpiece against the rotating cutter. Thus, the spindle speed, the table feed, the depth
of cut, and the rotating direction of the cutter become the main parameters of the process.
Good results can only be achieved with well-balanced settings of these parameters.
 In this work is rigidly clamped on the table of the machine while revolving multi teeth
cutter mounted either on the spindle or on an arbor. The cutter revolves at high speed
and the work is fed slowly past the cutter. The work can be fed vertical, longitudinal, or
cross direction. As the work advances, the cutter teeth remove the metal from the work
surface to produce the desired shape.
Procedure:

1. First of all, select the tool which is required to perform this operation on drilling
machine.
2. Select the area on the workpiece in which we perform pocket operation and marked.
3. Set the drill press for the proper speed for the size of drill and the type of drill to be
drilled.
4. Mount the drilling tool on drill chuck tightly and securely.
5. Clamp the workpiece parallel to the tool on the worktable properly in a vise.
6. Start the drill press spindle and drill a pocket operation on the required area which
has be drilled.
7. Hold the vise against the table and stop by using the hand.
8. Drill until the workpiece is drilled as required diameter.
9. Raise the drill occasionally apply the coolant on the place where the drilling
operation can be done.

Conclusion:

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
 Experiment No: 14
Surface Finish Operation

Objective:
To perform Surface Finish Operation on Mild Steel Plate by Using the Surface
Grinder Machine.

Apparatus:
 Milling Machine
 Milling Cutter
 Indexing Head
 Vernier Caliper
Diagram:

Theory:
Surface Grinding Machine:
A surface grinder consists of an abrasive wheel, a chuck (a workplace holding device)
and a rotary table. The surface grinder is generally used for finishing the work-piece or the
object. The main use of the surface grinder is in the finishing process.
The surface grinder cut the iron in fragments not larger than the following dimensions- 18″
long by 6″ tall by 8″ wide. The table of the grinder is additionally irresistible, to the effect that
helps the possession of the magnetic substance. The surface grinder opens up new possibilities
because it could allow you to harden the things you make and machine them to a much closer
tolerance.
 A surface grinder is an outstanding cut-off the instrument for reducing toughened
shafting. The material used in surface grinding is 0.25 to 0.50 mm. Surface grinding is best if
used for flat cutting. Flat surface cutting is most commonly used surface cutting. The surface
grinder is one of the best grinders to be used for this purpose. Grinding is the process of
finishing the work piece or the object or we can say it makes the work piece in perfect shape.

Working Principle:

 The process of surface grinder follows the most common of the grinding operations. It
turns out to be a closing procedure that utilizes a spinning sharp wheel so that you can
smooth the surface of the metallic or non-metallic material to provide them with a more
sophisticated glance by eliminating the oxide coating as well as contaminants on top of
the work piece. This action will also achieve the desired surface area for operational
objectives.
 The surface grinder is made up of the abrasive wheel, a job-carrying apparatus is
referred to as a chuck, as well as a reciprocating rotational table. The chuck stands the
raw materials in the place at the same time it is currently being used to work on.

Procedure:

1. First of all select the proper wheel for the stock is being used to perform this operation.
There are different grinding wheels for aluminum, stainless steel, and titanium.
2. Clean the bed before placing the workpiece onto it. This will prevent interference with
the magnetic chuck.
3. Place the workpiece parallel to the grinding wheel. Turn the magnetic chuck on to
secure the pieces onto the bed and ensure the workpiece does not shift during grinding.
4. Adjust the bed and saddle position to center the stock below the wheel.
5. Lower the wheel an inch above the workpiece.
6. Zero the z-axis of the workpiece by setting the dial on down feed hand wheel to 0
inches.
7. Lock the table Longitudinal stoke setting block so that there is about an inch of over
travel at each end of the table stroke.
8. Adjust the table position so the wheel sits about an inch to the right of the workpiece.
9. Lower the wheel to the desired depth of grinding. There should be a maximum down
feed of 0.001 inch per pass.
10. Ensure the wheel is not in contact with the workpiece before turning the main power
on. Press the green button to turn the spindle on and turn the coolant switch on.
11. Grind the stock by making passes left to right along the x-axis.
12. Once the first strip of the workpiece has been sufficiently ground, turn the y-axis hand
wheel half a turn clockwise.
 13. Grind another strip of the workpiece from left to right along the x-axis.
14. Repeat until the workpiece is fully ground, then repeat all of the previous steps for the
other side.

Conclusion:

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________